Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1261473 (sarcoma)
 25,952 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite anorexia, cancer development is frequently accompanied by an increase of energy expenditure. Considering the pivotal role played by brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the energy metabolism of small mammals, we investigated the functional and compositional modification in BAT of anorexic tumor-bearing (Yoshida sarcoma) and pair-fed control rats. BAT thermogenic activity (assessed by maximal mitochondrial GDP binding) was 1.8-fold greater in tumor-bearing rats than in controls, while the thermogenic capacity (assessed by measurement of uncoupling protein) was unchanged. This suggests that tumor bearing had induced an unmasking of uncoupling protein sites. BAT hypertrophy and hyperplasia, characteristic of full-fledged BAT activation, did not occur. The mitochondrial oxidative capacity of BAT (assessed by cytochrome c oxidase activity) was 1.6-fold lower in tumor-bearing than in control rats. The main compositional modification observed in BAT of tumor-bearing rats was an increase in the saturation of cardiolipin fatty acids. These results suggest that the BAT stimulation induced by tumor bearing after 10 days is almost exclusively functional and that the tissue development is limited, probably by anorexia. However, a suppressive effect of anorexia inhibition by tumor bearing cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Stimulation of brown adipose tissue activity in tumor-bearing rats. 878 17

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are rare, benign lesions. They mimic, clinically and radiologically, malignant tumors-especially sarcoma. IMT most often are seen in the lung of young adults, but there have been reports of these tumors occurring in children, in various sites. The authors report a case of appendiceal IMT arising in a 15-year-old boy previously treated for inherited distal renal tubular acidosis. He was admitted because of anorexia, weight loss, and a low-grade fever. The ultrasound study showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, with a poorly functioning right kidney noted on intravenous urography, and a retrovesical soft-tissue mass. Laboratory studies showed renal insufficiency, an elevated white blood cell count, anemia, thrombocytosis, and hypergammaglobulinemia. During laparotomy, a pelvic appendiceal mass was discovered, appendectomy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was made. Three months later the boy was well, and the biological, sonographic, and urographic results had returned to normal. A review of 74 cases of abdominal IMT occurring in childhood emphasizes the importance of pathological differentiation of these lesions from malignancy, with early total excision whenever possible. Long-term follow-up is necessary to detect local recurrence, which may develop many years later, and to confirm the allegedly benign nature of these tumors.
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PMID:Abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in children: report of an appendiceal case and review of the literature. 888 13

Bacillary angiomatosis is known to be caused by a rickettsial organism; Rochalimaea henselae. This causative agent has been compared with different microorganisms and clinical conditions that appear in similar settings but that have been clearly differentiated from them; e.i. Cat-scratch disease (Afipia felis), Bartonella bacilliformis, other Rochalimaea sp., Kaposi;s sarcoma, Lobular capillary hemangioma, Angiosarcoma, and Epithelioid hemangioma. Clinically the bacillary angiomatosis (BA) skin lesions vary from a single lesion to thousands. The cutaneous lesion appears as a bright-red round papule, subcutaneous nodule, or as a cellulitic plaque. When the lesion is biopsied it tends to blanch-out, bleed, and cause pain. The patient might present with signs and symptoms of chills, headaches, fever, malaise, and anorexia with or without weight loss. The extracutaneous lesions found in BA tend to be from multiple organs affecting from the oral lesions to anal mucosal lesions to widespread visceral lesions. The sites of preferences for BA lesion manifestation tend to be the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone. To diagnose bacillary angiomatosis the physician should prepare a differential diagnosis based primarily on its histopathological and clinical characteristics. To confirm the results from the stain, electron microscopy can identify the bacillus and pin-point the diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis. The lesions presented by BA respond well to therapy with erythromycin 500mg four times daily for a duration of 2 weeks to 2 months. In case of intolerance to erythromycin the second line of drug that successfully treats the BA bacillus is doxycycline. If relapses of the BA lesion recur, then a prolonged antibiotic therapy is necessary and in AIDS patients the duration may be extended as life-long suppressive therapy.
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PMID:Bacillary angiomatosis: microbiology, histopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. 891 40

In the progress of cancer major disturbances in protein and glutamine metabolism have been observed. Muscle is the major protein pool and glutamine source in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in whole-body protein and glutamine turnover, induced by cancer, are matched by similar changes in regional muscle metabolism. A MCA sarcoma was implanted subcutaneously in female Lewis rats. Rats were studied bearing small (5-15% of body weight) or large (15-30% of body weight) tumor loads and compared with sham-implanted free-fed and pair-fed controls. Body composition was determined by the distribution of an ip bolus of 3H2O. With the rat under anesthesia a primed constant infusion of L-[2,6-3H]phenylalanine and L-[3,4-3H]glutamine was given, and at steady state, whole-body, hindquarter-muscle, and tumor protein and glutamine turnover were calculated using compartment modeling. Anorexia was not observed in tumor-bearing rats. A small decrease in host carcass weight was observed in large-tumor-bearing rats by decreased fat mass. Whole-body protein turnover increased from 115 +/- 14 (nmole x 100 g body weight-1 x min-1) in free-fed controls rats to 239 +/- 29 in the large-tumor-bearing rats. Net tumor protein synthesis accounted for 28 +/- 1 and 49 +/- 1 nmole x 100 g body weight-1 x min-1. Muscle protein breakdown increased in the small-tumor-bearing group and decreased to control values in the large-tumor-bearing rats. Whole-body glutamine turnover remained unchanged in the small-tumor-bearing animals (2481 +/- 248 and 1996 +/- 268 nmole x 100 g body weight-1 x min-1 in control and small-tumor-bearing rats, respectively) and increased by 25% in the large-tumor-bearing animals. In contrast, muscle glutamine turnover more than doubled in the small-tumor-bearing group but returned to control values in the large-tumor-bearing animals. The current study show that in the presence of a small tumor whole-body protein turnover increased and that this was in part related to protein turnover of the tumor. Muscle protein breakdown increased in these rats with a concomitant increase in glutamine production from the hindquarter. In animals bearing larger tumors whole-body glutamine turnover increased. This increase, however, was only for a small part caused by tumor metabolism. Muscle glutamine turnover even decreased. Therefore, the increase in whole-body glutamine turnover appears to be caused by increased turnover in visceral organs.
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PMID:Increased whole-body protein and glutamine turnover in advanced cancer is not matched by an increased muscle protein and glutamine turnover. 912 94

A 85-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a presumtive diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient presented with a history of progressive dyspnoea and retrosternal pain. 3-4 weeks ago she had noticed a swollen left leg. On examination a 4/6-pansystolic murmur was found. An arterial blood gas analysis showed a reduced oxygen saturation. An electrocardiogram revealed deep S-waves in lead I and pathological Q-waves in lead III. The chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly, a pulmonary nodule and an ill-defined opacity inferioposteriorly. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch was demonstrated by lung ventilation-perfusion scanning. Transthoracic echocardiography showed pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation. On the 20th hospital day the patient died from multi organ failure. Pulmonary thromboembolism secondary to deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities was the most likely diagnosis. In view of the patients' history of night sweat, loss of appetite and weight loss a malignant process had to be taken into consideration. A tumor originating from the right ventricle, the right ventricular outflow tract or the pulmonary artery was compatible with the clinical picture of multiple pulmonary emboli. On autopsy a polymorph cellular sarcoma measuring 6 x 3 x 3 cm was found in the right ventricular outflow tract. Section of the lung revealed a single pulmonary metastasis and multiple thromboemboli of various age. Pulmonary artery sarcomas, as described in our case, are extremely rare. The prognosis is poor and often the diagnosis is only made on autopsy.
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PMID:[A "typical" case of pulmonary embolism]. 1051 85

Gender differences of feeding pattern in normal male and female rats are well recognized. Differences in gender-related feeding patterns have also been established following a variety of experimental manipulations, such as hypothalamic lesions, nicotine infusion, and total parenteral nutrition administration. Anorexia is a common feature during tumor growth. The present study examined whether the feeding indices constituting the feeding patterns differed with the development of cancer anorexia in male and female rats. Sixteen male and 15 female Fischer-344 rats had their food intake (FI) and feeding indices, meal number (MN) and meal size (MZ), continuously measured by a computerized rat eater meter. Viable methylcholanthrene (MCA) sarcoma cells (10(6)) were inoculated subcutaneously in 10 male (M-TB) and 8 female (F-TB) Fischer rats, while the rest were controls and received an equal volume of vehicle. Tumor-bearing (TB) rats became anorectic by Day 18, when the weight of the tumor was approximately 8% of the total body weight (BW). A notable decrease in BW was observed in both M-TB and F-TB. A decrease in FI resulted from different feeding indices between male and female rats. In male rats, lower FI was due to a decrease in both MN and MZ. In female rats, lower FI was solely due to a decrease in MN. The data show that gender differences in feeding patterns, which are an external manifestation of biochemical changes in the brain, occur following development of cancer-related anorexia suggesting that besides other factors, cancer anorexia is also influenced by sex-related hormones.
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PMID:Gender differences in tumor-induced anorectic feeding pattern in Fischer-344 rats. 1156 48

Food intake is mainly controlled in the hypothalamus via a series of functionally related nuclei, including the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMN) and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Since food intake is the product of meal number and meal size, we investigated the role of the VMN and LHA in influencing these feeding indices and in mediating cancer anorexia in tumor-bearing (TB) rats, via temporarily inhibiting VMN or LHA. Adult male Fischer-344 rats (n = 23) inoculated with 106 MCA sarcoma cells were studied. When anorexia developed, rats were randomly assigned to stereotaxically located bilateral intra-VMN or intra-LHA microinjections of the neuronal blocker colchicine (CX; n = 6 each group) or saline (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively). Non TB rats (NTB; n = 7) served as controls. Food intake and feeding indices were recorded by a computerized device. At onset of anorexia, a reduction of meal number occurred, leading to reduced food intake. After inhibition of VMN activity by CX, meal number significantly increased, so that food intake increased and almost normalized. In contrast, intra-LHA microinjection of either CX or saline resulted in reduction of meal size, leading to reduced food intake and death. Findings suggest that VMN and LHA influence meal number and meal size, respectively. Since cancer anorexia mainly results from an initial reduction of meal number and the inhibition of VMN led to an increase in meal number, the early effect of tumor growth on VMN activity may be an early step leading to reduced food intake.
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PMID:VMN/LHA functional inhibition in tumor-bearing rats suggests hypothalamic involvement in cancer anorexia. 1250 74

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a soft-tissue sarcoma originating from fibroblast cells, characterized by a high rate of metastasis or recurrence. This tumor rarely develops in the gastrointestinal tract, with no more than 30 cases described in the literature. We report a case of MFH of the abdominal cavity in a 45-year-old woman who presented with epigastric pain, anorexia, and weight loss. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed multiple solid tumors in the peritoneal cavity. We performed exploratory laparotomy and found at least 15 solid whitish tumors attached to the wall of the small intestine, as well as to the parietal peritoneum. There were three metastases in the liver. All of the tumors were excised, most of which were about 10 cm in diameter. Histopathological findings indicated a stromal tumor consisting of spindle cells, and immunohistochemical examination of the resected specimens established the definite diagnosis of a pleomorphic MFH. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was given adjuvant chemotherapy. She is currently well 2 years after her operation. We review the clinical picture of this tumor in the abdominal cavity, and discuss its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the abdominal cavity: report of a case. 1451 33

Seventeen client-owned dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis-associated esophageal sarcomas were retrospectively reviewed. The most common clinical signs noticed were vomiting and/or regurgitation (94%), lethargy and depression (59%), pyrexia and anorexia (41% each). Leukocytosis (82%) and microcytic hypochromic anemia (30%) were the most common hematological abnormalities. Caudal thoracic masses were demonstrated on survey radiographs of 13/15 of the dogs and thoracic spondylitis was detected in 12/15 dogs. Spirocerca lupi eggs were detected in 2/8 patients and worms were demonstrated on 1/11 at necropsy. Ten cases underwent surgical attempt to remove the tumors. In six of them partial esophagectomy (PE) was performed and all of them survived the immediate postoperative hospitalization. Five of the cases that underwent PE also received chemotherapy after surgery (doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Upjohn)) with an average survival time of 267 days. The histopathological results of the esophageal tumors were osteosarcoma (9), fibrosarcoma (5) and undifferentiated sarcoma (1). In areas endemic to spirocercosis, regurgitation or vomiting in dogs and microcytic hypochromic anemia and neutrophilia warrant ruling out esophageal sarcomas. Proper surgical treatment could prolong the dogs' lifespan for months, and improve their quality of life.
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PMID:Spirocercosis-associated esophageal sarcomas in dogs. A retrospective study of 17 cases (1997-2003). 1474 80

In pre-anorectic tumor-bearing (TB: methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma) rats, injection of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) into the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) had no significant effect on food intake at a dose (5 microg) that reduced feeding in non-TB control rats. Following the development of anorexia, injection of alpha-MSH MC3/MC4 receptor antagonists, SHU9119 (1 microg) or 4 microg agouti-related protein (AGRP), stimulated feeding in non-TB rats, while having no significant effect in TB rats. Concentrations of alpha-MSH were not altered significantly in ventromedial, dorsomedial or lateral hypothalamic areas of TB rats, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) messenger RNA was not changed in TB rats in these hypothalamic areas. Determination of cytokines by ELISA in non-operated TB and non-TB rats revealed elevated IL-2 in plasma and hypothalamus as well as increased TNF-alpha in the hypothalamus of anorectic TB rats. IL-1B was not detectable in plasma and was not altered significantly in hypothalamus of TB rats. These results suggest that the POMC alpha-MSH satiety system is refractory in TB rats, even prior to the onset of anorexia. This change in MC3/MC4 receptor response does not appear to be secondary to alterations of endogenous alpha-MSH in TB rats. Cytokine involvement in the altered response to MC3/MC4 receptor stimulation and blockade is a possibility, since TNF-alpha and IL-2 were increased in hypothalamus of anorectic TB rats. Therefore, these results suggest major alterations in POMC neuropeptide systems in TB rats as anorexia progresses. Although these changes do not appear to have occurred due to grossly-altered concentrations of alpha-MSH, elevated cytokine activity in the hypothalamus may be an important factor. Due to the complex multi-factorial nature of feeding control, additional factors are likely to be involved in cancer anorexia.
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PMID:Refractory hypothalamic alpha-mSH satiety and AGRP feeding systems in rats bearing MCA sarcomas. 1512 42


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