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Query: UMLS:C1261473 (sarcoma)
 25,952 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunomodulatory and antimetastatic/antitumor activity of thymic humoral factor-gamma 2 (THF-gamma 2) was evaluated in BALB/c-mice. Daily subcutaneous applications (7 consecutive days, 20, 200 ng of THF-gamma 2 per injection/mouse) upregulated counts of thymocytes and peripheral blood cells in tumor bearing mice. To check the influence of THF-gamma 2 treatment on the growth of experimental metastases, RAW 117 H10 lymphosarcoma cells or L-1 sarcoma cells were intravenously inoculated into BALB/c-mice to establish liver or lung metastases, respectively. Local tumor growth was induced by subcutaneous injection of L-1 sarcoma cells. THF-gamma 2 was subcutaneously administered daily for 7 consecutive days starting 24 hrs after tumor cell challenge. Organ colonization as well as local tumor growth were investigated on day 14 after tumor cell inoculation and demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of experimental liver and lung metastases and local tumor growth for THF-gamma 2 treated mice.
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PMID:Thymic humoral factor-gamma 2 augments immune cell response and exerts antitumor activity in murine model systems. 1120 90

The immunomodulatory and antimetastatic activity of standardized aqueous mistletoe extracts from plants grown on fir trees (ME-A) and pine trees (ME-P) were evaluated in BALB/c-mice. Regular subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) applications (three times per week for 14 consecutive days; 5 and 50 microg per injection and mouse) upregulated thymus weight and peripheral blood leukocyte counts in tumor bearing mice. To check the influence of ME-A and ME-P treatment on growth of experimental metastases, RAW 117 H 10 lymphosarcoma cells and L-1 sarcoma cells were intravenously inoculated into BALB/c-mice to establish liver and lung colonization. ME-A and ME-P were regularly administered starting 24 h after tumor cell challenge. Organ colonization was investigated on day 14 after tumor cell inoculation and demonstrated statistically significant (P<0.05) reductions of experimental liver and lung metastases for ME-A and ME-P treated mice.
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PMID:Application of standardized mistletoe extracts augment immune response and down regulates metastatic organ colonization in murine models. 1144 31

Neoplasia is common in pet dogs but accurate figures for the incidence of tumours in this, as in other species, are sparse. The purpose of this study was to document the occurrence of tumours in a defined population of dogs. From a database of 130,684 insured dogs, claims relating to the investigation or treatment of tumours or tumour-like lesions during a 12-month period were accessed and followed up. A total of 2,546 claims were tumour related and were classified according to tumour site and type. Because the demographics of the insured population were skewed towards younger animals, a standard population, as described in the veterinary literature, was used in the calculation of tumour incidence rates. The skin and soft tissues were the most common sites for tumour development, with a standardised incidence rate of 1,437 per 100,000 dogs per year, followed by alimentary (210), mammary (205), urogenital (139), lymphoid (134), endocrine (113) and oropharyngeal (112). Canine cutaneous histiocytoma was the most common single tumour type, with a standardised incidence rate of 337 per 100,000 dogs per year, followed by lipoma (318), adenoma (175), soft tissue sarcoma (142), mast cell tumour (129) and lymphosarcoma (114). These data are unique and provide a valuable basis for future research into the aetiology and epidemiology of canine tumours.
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PMID:Canine neoplasia in the UK: estimates of incidence rates from a population of insured dogs. 1207 88

The immunomodulatory and antimetastatic activity of standardized aqueous mistletoe extract (sME) was evaluated in BALB/c-mice. Regular subcutaneous (s.c.) applications (three times per week for 14 consecutive days; 2, 20, 100 and 500 micrograms per injection and mouse) up-regulated thymocyte and peripheral blood leukocyte counts in tumor-bearing mice. Tumor weight and tumor volume were significantly down-regulated after application of sME doses greater than 20 micrograms per injection. To check the influence of sME treatment on growth of experimental metastases, RAW 117 H 10 lymphosarcoma cells and L-1 sarcoma cells were intravenously inoculated into BALB/c-mice to establish liver and lung colonization, respectively. sME was regularly administered starting 24 hours after tumor cell challenge. Organ colonization was investigated on day 14 after tumor cell inoculation and demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) reductions of experimental liver and lung metastases for sME-treated mice.
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PMID:Standardized mistletoe extract augments immune response and down-regulates local and metastatic tumor growth in murine models. 1255 54

Small intestinal neoplasms are uncommon with reported incidences of less than 1% of GI neoplasms. A retrospective review of cases of small intestinal neoplasms seen by the authors in a ten-year period is presented. Ten cases were seen during the period (8 females and 2 males). Seven patients were aged less than 20 years while the rest were aged above 2 years. Six patients presented with intestinal obstruction, 3 with features of chronic ill-health while 1 was an incidental finding. The ileum was involved in 5 patients, the jejunum in 4 while 1 showed multiple gut involvement. One patient had a benign lesion (Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome). The rest consisted of lymphosarcoma [5],adenocarcinoma [3] while 1 patient had leiomyo-sarcoma. Treatment offered included resection of small gut in 7 patients and ileo-colectomy in 3 patients. Three patients with lymphosarcoma had a full course of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The outcome was poor; 2 patients were alive after 3 years, 3 died within 6 months of surgery while the rest were lost to follow-up at variable periods after surgery. Neoplasms of the small gut presents late in our environment. Lymphosarcoma seems commoner in childhood and carries a better prognosis.
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PMID:Primary jejuno-ileal neoplasms in eastern Nigeria. 1271 60

A new convenient method for the preparation of heterocyclic bis-adducts: of imidazole, benzimidazole, uracile with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane is described. The reactions are catalysed by the 18-crown-6-complex. The critical toxicity and antitumour activity of saprophytic strains Bacillus genus (B. subtilis 668 IMV and B. polymyxa 102 KSU) extracellular lectins were studies. It was discovered that these substances apply to a few toxic preparations and have a expression antitumour action on the tumours: Walker carcinosarcoma 256, Pliss' lymphosarcoma and Sarcoma 45. The new molecular complexes were created with bacterial lectins and the same heterocyclic-bis-adducts of unsubstituted benzimidazole and 6-methyluracile. A strongly antitumour effect of these complexes has been discovered: of growth relaxation of Pliss' lymphosarcoma tumour mass was 62.5-82.01%.
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PMID:Biological activity of bacterial lectins and their molecular complexes with heterocyclic bis-adducts. 1472 58

The senior author of this comprehensive review observed and reported in 1969 that his lymphocytes killed allogeneic tumor cells in vitro. Some of his research associates and technicians and other healthy individuals also yielded such killer lymphocytes. The team considered pre-immunization to cancer occurring in individuals after in-family or professional exposure to patients with cancer (in an era when the concept of viral etiology of cancer was receiving major support); or that lymphocytes can acquire through blastic transformation immune reactivity to allogeneic cells anew in vitro. The phenomenon was eventually referred to as 'lymphocytes practicing Burnet's immunosurveillance.' Project site visitors of the USA NCI first viewed these observations as a matter of 'in vitro artifacts' being in opposition to strong tumor- specific cytotoxicity of tumor-bearing patients' lymphocytes recognized in the vast majority of other assays. After NCI funds were released for intramural studies on the phenomenon of non-specific cytotoxicity by lymphocytes, recipients (other than the senior author) of these NCI funds later characterized (1973-1975) the 'indiscriminately' cytotoxic lymphocyte populations as those of 'natural killer (NK) cells.' In this article, the original observations made in 1969-1971 are reviewed based on genuine material preserved by the senior author and are explained in view of recent discoveries that were not available at the time of the original observations. NK cells display a fascinating history arising first in urochordates during the cambrian explosion. At that level, NK cells protected their hosts from incompatible cell colony fusions and against intracellular, especially viral, pathogens. Since then, viruses evolved evasive maneuvers to escape NK cell attack on the infected cells. NK cells persisted after the evolution of adaptive immunity in cartilaginous fish fitting seamlessly into the new system. In mammals, NK cells assumed the role of chief arbitrators between the fetal trophoblast and maternal immune reactions to the semi-allograft fetus. Tumors induce in NK cells the same (inactivating; mediating Th2-type immunity) reactions the fetal trophoblast engenders in utero, but NK cells may overcome the host's tolerance to its tumor and kill tumor cells, especially when converted into lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells by molecular mediators of Th1-type immunity. The authors prepare and utilize LAK cells and IL-2 for adoptive immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma and kidney carcinoma. A patient with malignant ascites due to ovarian carcinoma entered remission on LAK cell therapy. Just as dendritic cells, the major antigen presentors, may undergo malignant transformation, NK cells are also subject to transformation into FasL-producer virulent lymphoma-leukemia cells. The senior author reported in 1970 a patient with 'lymphosarcoma cell leukemia' whose circulating lymphoma cells killed indiscriminately human sarcoma and carcinoma cells. The exemplary case history of another patient with NK cell lymphoma-leukemia treated by the authors is presented.
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PMID:Human natural killer cells: a comprehensive review. 1594 42

In the past, concepts of cutaneous lymphomas were based on careful clinical and classical histopathological descriptions. Most primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (pCBCL) were designated as lymphosarcoma, follicular lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, reticulum-cell sarcoma or skin reticuloses. Today, pCBCL are classified as a fully recognized and well-defined group of extranodal lymphomas according to the criteria of the World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification. Better understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis in pCBCL will hopefully stimulate investigative research and provide further improvement of diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: then and now. 1641 6

An aqueous plant extract from Azadirachta indica and its chromatographic fraction F1 (neem extract) exerted immunomodulating and antimetastatic activities in BALB/ c-mice. Regular subcutaneous administration of neem extract yielded significantly increased spleen weight and significant enhancement of peritoneal macrophage activity in the chemiluminescence assay, and activation marker CD-44 expression. The thymus weight and thymocyte counts did not show significant differences in the control and neem extract-treated groups, however, determination of peripheral blood cells revealed significant up-regulations of leukocyte subsets, the lymphocytes and monocytes. Flow cytometric analaysis of lymphocyte supopulations documented increased counts of CD-4 and CD-8 cells and an inreased activation marker expression on lymphocytes (CD-25) and monocytes (MAC-3) in neem-treated mice compared to the control animals. To evaluate the antimetastatic activity of neem extract, sarcoma L-1 cells and lymphosarcoma RAW cells were intravenously inoculated into BALB/c-mice. In these model systems the number of experimental lung and liver metastases decreased relevantly, however, biometrically non-significantly in neem extract-treated animals, as compared to the control mice which received injections of saline solutions. Neem extract can be regarded as an immunomodulating and antimetastatic substance which holds promise for further experimental and clinical investigation.
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PMID:Enhancement of immune responses to neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) correlates with antineoplastic activity in BALB/c-mice. 1663 26

Using the technique of differential display of mRNAs, we isolated 42 differentially expressed cDNAs from squamous papillomas induced in the skin of SENCAR mice by a standard 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene initiation and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion protocol. Thirty-one of the cDNAs were cloned and sequenced and the sequences compared with the catalogued sequences in the GenBank/EMBL DNA databases. Two of the cDNA clones-pJTM-4 and pJTM-12-showed insignificant homology with the known murine DNA and protein sequences and thus are novel gene transcripts. Putative protein product of the cDNA clone pJTM-15 showed homology to a stretch of amino acids (with a difference of two amino acids out of 16 compared) within the coding region of the previously reported murine platelet derived growth factor inducible KC protein cDNA (KC/Gro, a member of small cytokine family). By Northern blot analysis, transcripts of pJTM-4 and pJTM-12 cDNAs were found to be expressed in mRNA samples prepared from similarly induced skin tumors in other mice but were not expressed in the epidermis of either untreated mice or in uninvolved epidermis of the tumor bearing mice. Expression of pJTM-4 and pJTM-12 was also detected in mouse sarcoma and lymphosarcoma cell lines but not in a melanoma cell line. These results suggest possible involvement of these novel genes in non-melanoma skin cancer. Full length sequences of these novel transcripts and characterization of their protein products may provide useful information regarding the molecular events which occur during multistage skin carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Identification and partial characterization of novel genes by differential display of mRNAs in squamous papillomas induced in skin of SENCAR mice. 2154 2


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