Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1260386 (GSH)
 38,102 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Edible berry extracts rich in anthocyanins possess a broad spectrum of therapeutic, pharmacologic and anti-carcinogenic properties. Six berry extracts (wild blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, elderberry, raspberry seeds and strawberry), singly and in combination, were studied in our laboratories for antioxidant efficacy, cytotoxic potential, cellular uptake and anti-angiogenic properties. Combinations of edible berry extracts were evaluated to develop a synergistic formula, OptiBerry, which exhibited high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value, low cytotoxicity and superior anti-angiogenic properties compared to the other combinations tested. The current study sought to determine the broad spectrum safety and antioxidant potential of OptiBerry in vivo. Acute oral LD(50) of OptiBerry was greater than 5 g/kg in rats. Acute dermal LD(50) of OptiBerry was greater than 2 g/kg. No changes in the body weight or adverse effects were observed following necropsy. Primary skin and eye irritation studies were conducted in New Zealand albino rabbits. OptiBerry was classified as slightly irritating to the skin (primary skin irritation index 0.3) and minimally irritating to the eye (maximum mean total score 6.0). The antioxidant potential of OptiBerry was investigated in rats and mice by assessing GSH redox status in tissues as well as by a unique state-of-the-art electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging of whole-body redox status. A clinically relevant hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure system (2 atm, 2 h) was employed to study the antioxidant properties of OptiBerry. OptiBerry feeding (8 weeks) significantly prevented HBO-induced GSH oxidation in the lung and liver of vitamin E-deficient Sprague Dawley rats. Furthermore, OptiBerry-fed mice, when exposed to HBO, demonstrated significant protection in whole-body HBO-induced oxidation compared to the unfed controls by EPR imaging. Taken together, these results indicate that OptiBerry is reasonably safe and possess antioxidant properties.
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PMID:Safety and whole-body antioxidant potential of a novel anthocyanin-rich formulation of edible berries. 1632 73

The present study evaluated the potential of a w/o microemulsion as a topical carrier system for delivery of the antioxidant quercetin. Topical and transdermal delivery of quercetin were evaluated in vitro using porcine ear skin mounted on a Franz diffusion cell and in vivo on hairless-skin mice. Skin irritation by topical application of the microemulsion containing quercetin, and the protective effect of the formulation on UVB-induced decrease of endogenous reduced glutathione levels and increase of cutaneous proteinase secretion/activity were also investigated. The w/o microemulsion increased the penetration of quercetin into the stratum corneum and epidermis plus dermis at 3, 6, 9 and 12h post-application in vitro and in vivo at 6h post-application. No transdermal delivery of quercetin occurred. By evaluating established endpoints of skin irritation (erythema formation, epidermis thickening and infiltration of inflammatory cells), the study demonstrated that the daily application of the w/o microemulsion for up to 2 days did not cause skin irritation. W/o microemulsion containing quercetin significantly prevented the UVB irradiation-induced GSH depletion and secretion/activity of metalloproteinases.
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PMID:Quercetin in w/o microemulsion: in vitro and in vivo skin penetration and efficacy against UVB-induced skin damages evaluated in vivo. 1830 90

T-2 toxin is the type-A trichothecene and a common contaminant of food and cereals, produced by Fusarium species. T-2 toxin easily penetrates skin due to its lipophilic nature and causes skin irritation and blisters in humans. Physical protection of the skin and airway is the only proven effective method of protection. To date, no chemical antidotes are available to prevent T-2 induced lethality. In the present study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of 20% N,N'-dichloro-bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) urea (CC-2) formulation against lethal topical exposure dose of T-2 toxin in mice. None of the animals exposed to only T-2 toxin at lethal dose of 2 and 4 LD50 (11.8 and 23.76 mg/kg body weight) survived beyond 36 and 16 h, respectively. CC-2 application at 5 and 15 min post-exposure protected mice 100% from lethality at 2 LD50. Survival rate was 100% and 50% at 4LD50 dose if CC-2 was applied dermally within 5 and 15 min post-exposure. Recovery profile of surviving animals after 2LD50 T-2 toxin exposure at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days was assessed in terms of hepatic GSH, lipid peroxidation, serum ALP, ALT and AST. Hepatic lipid peroxidation significantly increased in all groups exposed to T-2 toxin by 3 day but normalized by day 7. A delayed GSH depletion was noted in surviving animals on day 7 but recovered by day 14. ALT and AST levels were elevated in all CC-2 protected mice on day 1 and normalized by day 3. ALP level decreased till day 7 in all protected groups. The biochemical variables recovered to control values by 14th day. GC-MS analysis after in vitro interaction of CC-2 formulation with T-2 toxin had shown that nearly 86% of T-2 toxin is decontaminated in 5 min but 8-10% of T-2 toxin was still present even after 60 min of interaction. Results of our study suggest that CC-2 may be an effective dermal decontaminant against lethal topical exposure of T-2 toxin.
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PMID:Evaluation of protective efficacy of CC-2 formulation against topical lethal dose of T-2 toxin in mice. 2224 78

The present study investigated the protective effects of pine bark extract (PBE) against hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced dermatotoxicity in rats. Skin reactions were evaluated by visual inspection, histopathological changes and oxidative stress parameters. Topical application of Cr(VI) produced a significant increase in the incidence and severity of erythema and edema upon visual inspection. Histopathological examination showed moderate to severe necrosis and desquamation in the epidermis and inflammation and hemorrhage in the dermis. In addition, an increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and decreased glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase of the skin were observed in the Cr(VI) group. On the contrary, concomitant administration with PBE significantly improved Cr(VI)-induced dermatotoxicity, evidenced by a decrease in the incidence and severity of skin irritation and histopathological lesions in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PBE treatment reduced MDA concentrations and increased catalase and GST activities in skin tissues, indicating that concomitant administration with PBE effectively prevents Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage in rats. The results indicate that PBE has a protective effect against Cr(VI)-induced dermatotoxicity and is useful as a protective agent against various dermal lesions induced by oxidative stress.
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PMID:Protective effects of pine bark extract on hexavalent chromium-induced dermatotoxicity in rats. 2234 52