Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1258215 (ileus)
 4,389 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1984 and 1989 240 patients underwent radical abdominal resection of a rectal carcinoma. Out of 201 patients surviving 12 months or more postoperatively, 2 groups are surveyed. The first group presents patients undergoing adjunctive radiation therapy (n = 47), while the second group did not undergo postoperative radiation therapy (n = 134). Mean follow-up time postoperatively is 39 months. Within the irradiation group, the incidence of ileus was found to be 23% (11/47), and in the non-irradiated group 8% (11/134). Subsequent reoperations to clear intestinal obstruction were performed in 4% (5/134) of non-irradiated patients and 21% (10/47) of the irradiated group. Considering the increased risk of postoperative ileus after rectal resection for rectal carcinoma, the appropriateness of adjunctive radiation therapy should be carefully assessed.
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PMID:[Incidence of ileus following rectum resection in rectal carcinoma with or without radiotherapy]. 144 83

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the small bowel; it occurs in approximately 2% of the population. Complications of Meckel's diverticulum include hemorrhage, usually associated with heterotopic tissue within the diverticulum, intussusception, development of benign or malignant neoplasms, and inflammation. Formation of one or more enteroliths within a diverticulum is rare. An extremely rare complication is mechanical small bowel obstruction secondary to extrusion of an enterolith from a Meckel's diverticulum (Meckel's stone ileus). A case of Meckel's stone ileus is described herein, with a review of the literature of this extremely rare complication.
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PMID:Meckel's stone ileus. 160 94

We report our experience of 30 continent urinary reservoirs (CURs) after radical cystectomy. The patients ranged in age from 35 to 70 years. There were 22 males and 8 females. Pre-operative urograms showed normal upper tracts in 22 patients, unilateral hydronephrosis in 4 and bilateral hydronephrosis in 4. The first 20 patients had a standard CUR procedure and the last 10 had a modified CUR. The mean operative time, blood loss and post-operative stay were 6.6 h, 900 ml and 25 days respectively for standard CURs and 5.7 h, 825 ml and 21 days respectively for the modified CURs. Post-operative, urinary leaks from the caecostomy site occurred in 2 patients (1 of which was fatal) while 3 other patients had prolonged ileus, burst abdomen and intestinal obstruction probably due to non-demonstrable urinary leaks. All 5 complications occurred in the first 20 patients. Upper tract status was evaluated in 28 patients 3 months after surgery and showed normal upper tracts in 19 patients, improvement in 6 (35%) and worsening in 3 (12.5%). Pouchograms showed no reflux in 25 patients, unilateral reflux in 2 and bilateral reflux in 1. Complete continence was achieved in 25 patients--2 of them had revision surgery, giving a success rate of 89% with a follow-up of 6 to 48 months (median 24). The remaining 3 patients were incontinent.
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PMID:Continent urinary reservoirs. 162 82

It is well known that burned patients with difficulty in passing through the shock stage are commonly complicated by early septicemia. But explanations about the mechanism vary and no one can account for all the cases. In the present study, Specific Pathogen-free mice (950), Germfree mice (50) and Wistar rats (720) were used in studying 25%-30% burn injury; limited time of hypotension; endotoxemia and simple intestinal obstruction to determine if the bacteria could translocate across the viable intestinal wall to cause systemic infection. The data showed that microflora from gut can cause systemic infection following early burn injury; and shock, endotoxemia and ileus which always complicate severe burns can function together in promoting bacteria translocation. These results suggest that gut origin infection may play an important role in irreversible burn shock and/or early fulminating septicemia following burn injury.
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PMID:[Experimental study on the relationship between burn shock and infection]. 165 Jun 29

Abnormal epithelial electrolyte transport has been identified in a range of cystic fibrosis (CF) organs and appears to account for the various clinical manifestations of the disease. The aim of this study was to further define the Cl- secretion defect in CF jejunum. Excised jejunum was obtained from 11 CF patients and 12 controls. Transport studies were performed on stripped epithelium in vitro under short-circuited conditions in Ussing Chambers. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (300 microM) significantly increased Cl- secretion in control (-2.3 +/- 0.6 to -3.3 +/- 0.7 mueq.cm-2.h-1; P less than 0.01, paired t test; n = 5 subjects) but not in CF jejunum (-0.5 +/- 0.3 to -0.1 +/- 0.4; n = 4). However in contrast to control jejunum, net Na+ absorption in CF jejunum was higher in the IBMX (1.3 +/- 0.5 mueq.cm-2.h-1) compared with basal periods (0.6 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.05, paired t test). IBMX stimulation of tissue adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was similar in both control and CF jejunum. A range of secretagogues known to induce secretion in mammalian intestine, including dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), DBcGMP, Ca2+ ionophore A23187, and the protein kinase C activator 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, failed to induce secretion in CF jejunum. In conclusion, CF jejunum failed to exhibit Cl- secretion and also demonstrated abnormalities of Na+ absorption. These results support the view that the defect lies at a site distal to the intracellular messengers. Moreover, these abnormalities of intestinal electrolyte transport may account for some of the gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease such as meconium ileus and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome.
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PMID:Abnormal epithelial transport in cystic fibrosis jejunum. 170 89

During 13 years, 47 infants were treated for mechanical ileus resulting from intestinal obstruction located proximally to the coecum (duodenal obstruction, malrotation, jejuno-ileal obstruction and meconium ileus). The mortality and morbidity were low. A total of three infants died; all of them in the immediate postoperative period. One infant died on account of rupture of the anastomosis; in two infants, death was caused by pulmonary complications and disseminated intravasal coagulation. Seven reoperations were performed and among these five infants on account of adhesions-/fibrous band ileus. At follow-up examination five infants were slightly underweight and retarded in growth; only one child had troublesome gastrointestinal problems. We recommend the use of antenatal ultrasound in the 30th week of gestation more frequently and always when polyhydramnios is present. This should raise the suspicion of gastrointestinal obstruction. Postnatal screening for associated congenital anomalies should also be done, since these are the most frequent cause of death in this patient category.
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PMID:[Ileus of the small intestine during the neonatal period. Treatment and prognosis]. 173 44

Patients with chronic constipation may have one of several physiologic disorders, not all of which are amenable to operative therapy. The aim of this study was to test colonic and pelvic floor function preoperatively, to identify patients suitable for surgery based on these studies, and to determine operative outcome over time. Between 1987 and January 1991, 277 patients referred for severe symptoms of chronic intractable constipation underwent colon transit studies, measurement of anal canal pressures and reflexes, and measurements of anorectal angle movements and efficiency of evacuation. Balloon expulsion studies, electromyography of the pelvic floor, and defecating proctograms also were done. Based on these studies, patients were categorized as having: slow transit constipation (STC), 29 patients; pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), 37 patients; STC + PFD, combined slow transit and pelvic floor dysfunction, 14 patients; and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 197 patients. Slow transit constipation patients underwent abdominal colectomy and reanastomosis. Pelvic floor dysfunction patients underwent pelvic floor retraining only. Patients with STC + PFD underwent pelvic floor retraining followed by abdominal colectomy. Irritable bowel syndrome patients were treated symptomatically. Among the 38 patients operated on (STC and STC + PFD), there was no operative mortality. Prolonged ileus developed in 13%, and small bowel obstruction occurred in 11% of patients. On follow-up, a mean of 20 months after ileorectostomy, no patient was constipated, none required a laxative, and none was incontinent. The mean number of stools per day was four. The authors concluded that a prospective evaluation of colonic and pelvic floor function reliably delineated constipated patients with slow transit, suitable for operative management, from those with pure pelvic floor dysfunction or irritable bowel syndrome, who were not. Abdominal colectomy and ileorectostomy in the slow transit patients was safe and effective, resulting in prompt and prolonged relief of constipation.
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PMID:Evaluation and surgical treatment of severe chronic constipation. 195 96

Recent case reports have shown that ultrasound can be useful in the diagnosis of gallstone ileus. A further patient is presented in whom the ultrasonic demonstration of dilated bowel loops, air in the gall-bladder, and an ectopic gallstone clinched the diagnosis when the plain radiographs demonstrated only small bowel obstruction. A pitfall in the ultrasound diagnosis is also discussed.
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PMID:Case report: ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallstone ileus. 202 6

A double balloon technique was used for anal tonometry in 22 infants. The weight was less than 2,500 g in 10 of the infants. Ileus or delayed passage of meconium was seen in 9 infants. Thirteen infants had not revealed any symptoms of intestinal obstruction during the first week of life. In all cases, except one, it was possible to demonstrate reflexes from the internal anal sphincter. In 18 infants normal curves were registered from the internal anal sphincter. None of these developed Hirschsprung's disease. In 3 infants a pathological pattern of contractions of the internal anal sphincter was demonstrated. Two of them proved to have Hirschsprung's disease. In the third case normal reflexes were registered after one year. Possibly the innervation of rectum and the internal anal sphincter was disrupted during the neonatal period in connection with enterocolitis and ileus, thus representing a reversible case of achalasia.
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PMID:Anal tonometry in the neonatal period for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. 202 88

Between August 1988 and September 1989, 100 consecutive patients who underwent elective abdominal colorectal surgical procedures were prospectively randomized to receive or not to receive metoclopramide. Metoclopramide was intravenously administered every 8 hours from the completion of surgery until a solid food diet was able to be tolerated. Seven patients were not included in the final tabulations because of one death, one small bowel obstruction requiring laparotomy, one anastomotic leak requiring laparotomy, and four protocol violations. Ninety-three patients, 37 men and 56 women (mean age, 59.5; range, 14-89 years) underwent 40 segmental colectomies, 13 total abdominal colectomies, 8 abdominoperineal resections, 8 ileoanal pouch procedures, 7 small bowel resections, and 17 other colorectal procedures. The 40 patients who received postoperative metoclopramide were in Group 1, and the 53 who did not were in Group 2. The mean length of time between laparotomy and commencement of oral fluid and oral solid intake in Groups 1 and 2 were 3.5 and 4.8 days, and 3.5 and 5.0 days, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Prolonged ileus was seen in seven patients in Group 1 and in eight patients in Group 2. These differences were also not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Prolonged ileus was defined as the need for nasogastric tube reinsertion or discontinuation of oral intake. We conclude that metoclopramide does not significantly alter the course of postoperative ileus.
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PMID:Does metoclopramide reduce the length of ileus after colorectal surgery? A prospective randomized trial. 203 22


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