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Query: UMLS:C1175175 (SARS)
 19,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has now been brought under control and entered the so-called post-SARS stage, with only a very few new cases reported daily throughout China. As an infectious disease spreading through the respiratory tract, SARS is featured by the inconsistency between its clinical representations, physical signs of the lungs and chest imaging findings. It has been shown that atypical pneumonia (AP), with similar clinical features to SARS, has been identified in Guangzhou, China, long before the prevalence of SARS, a fact that urges further understanding of SARS in regard to its incidence and variable clinical courses, for its differential diagnosis with such diseases as AP, influenza-related pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal and cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Information sharing among the medical institutes and training of the first-line medical staff for their better understanding and awareness of SARS and AP is crucial in the clinical practice, to insure timely case identification and avoid "oversensitive" diagnosis. Consultation of particular cases involving experts from multiple medical science fields should be encouraged, which is also an effective measure against newly emerged infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in "post-SARS" stage]. 1281 Mar 68

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral disease, observed primarily in Southern China in November 2002, with variable flu-like symptoms and pneumonia, in approx. 5% leading to death from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The disease was spread over more than 30 states all over the globe by SARS-virus-infected travelers. WHO and CDC received first information about a new syndrome by the end of February 2003, after the first cases outside the Republic of China had been observed. A case in Hanoi, Vietnam, led to the first precise information about the new disease entity to WHO, by Dr. Carlo Urbani, a co-worker of WHO/Doctors without Borders, who had been called by local colleagues to assist in the management of a patient with an unknown severe disease by the end of February 2003. Dr. Urbani died from SARS, as did many other health care workers. In the meantime, more than 7,000 cases have been observed worldwide, predominantly in China and Hong Kong, but also in Taiwan, Canada, Singapore, and the USA, and many other countries, and more than 600 of these patients died from RDS. Since the beginning of March 2003, when WHO and CDC started their activities, in close collaboration with a group of international experts, including the Bernhard-Nocht-Institute in Hamburg and the Department of Virology in Frankfurt/Main, a previously impossible success in the disclosure of the disease was achieved. Within only 8 weeks of research it was possible to describe the infectious agent, a genetically modified coronavirus, including the genetic sequence, to establish specific diagnostic PCR methods and to find possible mechanisms for promising therapeutic approaches. In addition, intensifying classical quarantine and hospital hygiene measures, it was possible to limit SARS in many countries to sporadic cases, and to reduce the disease in countries such as Canada and Vietnam. This review article summarizes important information about many issues of SARS (May 15th, 2003).
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PMID:[Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)]. 1287 9

In this article we use global and regional data from the SARS epidemic in conjunction with a model of susceptible, exposed, infective, diagnosed, and recovered classes of people ("SEIJR") to extract average properties and rate constants for those populations. The model is fitted to data from the Ontario (Toronto) in Canada, Hong Kong in China and Singapore outbreaks and predictions are made based on various assumptions and observations, including the current effect of isolating individuals diagnosed with SARS. The epidemic dynamics for Hong Kong and Singapore appear to be different from the dynamics in Toronto, Ontario. Toronto shows a very rapid increase in the number of cases between March 31st and April 6th, followed by a significant slowing in the number of new cases. We explain this as the result of an increase in the diagnostic rate and in the effectiveness of patient isolation after March 26th. Our best estimates are consistent with SARS eventually being contained in Toronto, although the time of containment is sensitive to the parameters in our model. It is shown that despite the empirically modeled heterogeneity in transmission, SARS' average reproductive number is 1.2, a value quite similar to that computed for some strains of influenza (J. Math. Biol. 27 (1989) 233). Although it would not be surprising to see levels of SARS infection higher than 10% in some regions of the world (if unchecked), lack of data and the observed heterogeneity and sensitivity of parameters prevent us from predicting the long-term impact of SARS. The possibility that 10 or more percent of the world population at risk could eventually be infected with the virus in conjunction with a mortality rate of 3-7% or more, and indications of significant improvement in Toronto support the stringent measures that have been taken to isolate diagnosed cases.
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PMID:SARS outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore: the role of diagnosis and isolation as a control mechanism. 1290 Feb

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a disease caused by a corona-virus. These viruses are long known to be human pathogens but this form is new and more virulent. It emerged in March this year in China and seemed to be apt to sweep over the world as a kind of Spanish Flu. Forunately, this didn't happen and at the moment the emerging pandemic seems to be contained. This offers hope in case a more virulent pandemic would suddenly strike in the next future. A world prepared is a difficult prey, even for a surprise virus.
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PMID:[Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)]. 1295 88

Health officials caution that severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) may return this fall with the flu season, and the serious disease may be difficult to distinguish from the common malady. Paying attention to public health trends will help you determine how much a diagnosing concern SARS should be in your own ED. More use of rapid diagnostic tests for flu may help, but don't depend too much on them. Confirming a flu diagnosis means you're relatively safe in ruling out SARS. ED physicians may have to be overly cautious this year in identifying cases of potential SARS.
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PMID:SARS vs. flu: can you tell serious disease from common malady? 1296 36

We present a retrospective analysis of the available articles on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) published since the outbreak of the disease. SARS is a new infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. Originating in Guangdong, Southern China, at the end of 2002, it has spread to regions all over the world, affecting more than 8000 people. With high morbidity and mortality, SARS is an important respiratory disease which may be encountered world-wide. The causative virus was identified by a WHO-led network of laboratories, which identified the genome sequence and developed the first molecular assays for diagnosis. For the respiratory physician, detecting SARS in its earliest stages, identifying pathways of transmission, and implementing preventive and therapeutic strategies are all important. The WHO and the CDC have published helpful definitions of 'suspected' and 'probable' cases. However, the symptoms of the disease may change, and laboratory tests and definitions are still limited. Even in a situation of no new cases of infection, SARS remains a major respiratory health hazard. As with influenza virus outbreaks, new epidemics may arise at the end of each year.
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PMID:Severe acute respiratory syndrome: global initiatives for disease diagnosis. 1456 40

Outbreaks of SARS affected more than 8,400 people, and caused more than 900 deaths worldwide but came to an end in July, 2003. However, the recurrence of SARS epidemics in winter is possible. The symptoms of SARS resemble those of influenza. Therefore, a simultaneous epidemic of both may cause great confusion. We compared clinical symptoms between SARS and influenza and discussed infection-control measures. Since both SARS and influenza mainly spread by droplet infection, preventive measures against this route are important. In addition, vaccination for influenza and the use of rapid diagnosis kits for influenza are recommended.
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PMID:[Infection control measures for SARS during epidemics of influenza]. 1461 48

Effective communications with different stakeholders was critical for health systems everywhere during the worldwide SARS outbreak earlier this year. For Capital Health in Edmonton, Alberta, the health system was able to build on its past experiences in dealing with meningococcal outbreaks and its planning for a pandemic flu.
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PMID:SARS: a health system's perspective. 1462 32

The risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on airplanes is of major concern to the public and airline industry. We examined data from flights to Singapore with SARS patients on board in order to assess this risk. In-flight transmission occurred only in one of the three flights with symptomatic SARS patients on board. The incidence was estimated to be 1 out of 156 passengers. The risk of in-flight transmission of SARS appears to be far lower than that reported for influenza, but may be increased with superspreaders on board.
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PMID:Low risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome on airplanes: the Singapore experience. 1462 72

Although most influenza infections are self-limited, few other diseases exert such a huge toll of suffering and economic loss. Despite the importance of influenza, there had been, until recently, little advance in its control since amantadine was licensed almost 40 years ago. During the past decade, evidence has accrued on the protection afforded by inactivated vaccines and the safety and efficacy in children of live influenza-virus vaccines. There have been many new developments in vaccine technology. Moreover, work on viral neuraminidase has led to the licensing of potent selective antiviral drugs, and economic decision modelling provides further justification for annual vaccination and a framework for the use of neuraminidase inhibitors. Progress has also been made on developing near-patient testing for influenza that may assist individual diagnosis or the recognition of widespread virus circulation, and so optimise clinical management. Despite these advances, the occurrence of avian H5N1, H9N2, and H7N7 influenza in human beings and the rapid global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome are reminders of our vulnerability to an emerging pandemic. The contrast between recent cases of H5N1 infection, associated with high mortality, and the typically mild, self-limiting nature of human infections with avian H7N7 and H9N2 influenza shows the gaps in our understanding of molecular correlates of pathogenicity and underlines the need for continuing international research into pandemic influenza. Improvements in animal and human surveillance, new approaches to vaccination, and increasing use of vaccines and antiviral drugs to combat annual influenza outbreaks are essential to reduce the global toll of pandemic and interpandemic influenza.
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PMID:Influenza. 1464 24


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