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Query: UMLS:C1140680 (ovarian cancer)
 28,141 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since April, 1989 in Aomori Prefecture, mass-screening for ovarian cancer by means of transvaginal ultrasonography has been performed in a mass-screening car at the same time mass-screening for uterine cervical cancer. Subjects for this screening were self referred asymptomatic women 30 years of age or older. Real time ultrasonography was performed with a 5-MHz endovaginal transducer 5 sections for scanning were established by means of a transvaginal probe and all ultrasonic pictures obtained were recorded with an 8mm VTR. For women with abnormal ultrasonic findings, such as an ovary (tumor) over 30mm in size and massive ascites, a second screening or accurate examination was performed by retransvaginal ultrasonography, CT-scan, MRI and a combination assay of tumor markers. The results were as follows: The time required for the first screening, including bimanual examination, collection of Pap smear and ultrasonic examination, was about 60-70 seconds. The total number of screened women was 15,282, and 838 (5.5%) of them needed to receive the follow-up examinations. Laparotomy has been done for 48 women to date and 2 women were found to have premalignant and malignant ovarian tumors.
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PMID:[Mass-screening for ovarian cancer by means of transvaginal ultrasonography]. 150 30

Eight human ovarian cancer lines grown in nude mice were used to compare the activity of doxorubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone and menogaril. The tumour lines were different in histological subtype, tumour doubling time and sensitivity to doxorubicin. The compounds were administered intravenously at the maximum tolerated dose twice with one week in between when tumours measured 50-150 mm3. Growth inhibition greater than 50% was obtained for doxorubicin in 8/8, for epirubicin in 4/8, for mitoxantrone in 5/8 and for menogaril in 2/8 tumour lines. In MRI-H-207, doxorubicin was the only drug able to induce complete remission. Compared with doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and menogaril were given in proportionally higher doses than those administered to patients, but did not result in superior antitumour activity.
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PMID:Doxorubicin compared with related compounds in a nude mouse model for human ovarian cancer. 214 26

It is difficult to identify early ovarian cancer at present. However, some tumor markers (CA125, CA19-9, CEA) and soon imaging system (MRI, CT, UT) and some oncogenes are available for diagnosis of ovarian cancer recently. Multivariate analysis of tumor markers has a possibility of stage I cancer. MRI is very useful to identify some cystic and hemorrhagic lesions. Amplifiers of N-myc and K-ras may be applied to diagnose ovarian cancer. In future, these new technologies may identify early ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[New technology of diagnosis of ovarian cancer]. 284 69

The antitumor activity of four new platinum analogues was compared at equitoxic doses to that of cisplatin in B10 LP/cpb nude mice bearing xenografts of human ovarian carcinomas. The two tumor lines used, MRI-H-207 and Pe, differ in histology, tumor doubling time, and sensitivity to cisplatin. Complete remission of MRI-H-207 was observed with cisplatin, carboplatin, iproplatin, and JM-40, while spiroplatin only gave growth delay. Cisplatin and carboplatin caused some growth delay of Pe, while JM-40, spiroplatin, and iproplatin failed to affect tumor growth. Platinum tissue distribution was also measured for each compound in groups of five to seven tumor-bearing mice. Platinum concentrations in the two tumors at 24 hr were similar for cisplatin and carboplatin, but differed for iproplatin, spiroplatin, and JM-40. Organ distribution was similar for each analogue, and concentrations were significantly higher in kidneys than in liver, except for iproplatin with comparable concentrations in these organs. Our findings show a good correlation between analogue activity in ovarian cancer in the clinic and that in MRI-H-207. Platinum concentrations in tumor tissue did not predict antitumor activity.
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PMID:Comparative activity and distribution studies of five platinum analogues in nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma xenografts. 403 81

An MRI study has been performed to determine the respiration induced motion of the kidneys. Under normal respiration conditions displacements of the left and right kidney varied from 2 to 24 mm and 4 to 35 mm, respectively. Under forced respiration conditions displacements were larger and ranged from 10 to 66 mm for the left kidney and 10 to 86 mm for the right kidney. The influence of kidney motion on the radiation dose was determined for patients irradiated on the total abdomen for ovarian cancer with shielding of the kidneys during part of the treatment. The kidney motion resulted in a larger fraction of the kidney volume receiving a dose between 20 and 22 Gy.
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PMID:The influence of respiration induced motion of the kidneys on the accuracy of radiotherapy treatment planning, a magnetic resonance imaging study. 818 13

In 23 patients with treated ovarian cancer, 24 magnetic resonance (MR) examinations of the abdomen and pelvis were performed before and after administration of an oral superparamagnetic contrast medium. Depiction of bowel loops was judged sufficient in 47% with plain scans and in 85% with enhanced scans. Minor artefacts attributed to the agent were noted in 32% of examinations and were classified as disturbing in 8%. The diagnostic information obtained after contrast enhancement was estimated to be superior to that from plain MRI in 20% of patients. The use of oral contrast medium did not alter the MR diagnosis of "tumour recurrence" or "disease-free" in any patient. Our results suggest that superparamagnetic iron oxide is an effective and reliable approach to negative bowel contrast enhancement, increasing the confidence level when distinguishing intestines from solid structures.
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PMID:Superparamagnetic particles as oral contrast medium in magnetic resonance imaging of patients with treated ovarian cancer--comparison with plain MRI. 831 62

We show here that elevated levels of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone), as found in menopause or after ovariectomy, promote growth of human ovarian carcinoma by induction of tumor angiogenesis. Human epithelial ovarian cancer tumors progressed faster in ovariectomized mice. This induced growth could be attributed to the elevated levels of gonadotropins associated with loss of ovarian function because direct administration of gonadotropins also was effective in promoting tumor progression in vivo. On the other hand, gonadotropins had no direct effect on the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Using MRI, we demonstrated that ovariectomy significantly (P < 0.02) induces neovascularization of human ovarian carcinoma spheroids implanted in nude mice. Moreover, conditioned medium of gonadotropin-treated human ovarian carcinoma cells showed increased mitogenic activity to bovine endothelial cells, and this activity could be blocked by neutralizing antibodies against luteinizing hormone and against vascular endothelial growth factor. Accordingly, gonadotropin stimulation resulted in a dose-dependent-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in monolayer culture as well as in the outer proliferating cells of human ovarian cancer spheroids. These results demonstrate the significance of the elevated levels of gonadotropins, as found in menopause and in all ovarian cancer patients, on the progression of ovarian cancer and could explain the protective effect of estrogen replacement therapy. Based on these results, we suggest that hormonal therapy aimed at lowering the circulating levels of gonadotropins may possibly prolong remission in ovarian cancer by extending tumor dormancy.
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PMID:Loss of ovarian function promotes angiogenesis in human ovarian carcinoma. 937 24

The prodrug N-[4-(daunorubicin-N-carbonyl-oxymethyl)phenyl] O-beta-glucuronyl carbamate (DNR-GA3) was synthesized for specific activation by human beta-glucuronidase, released in necrotic areas of tumour lesions. In vitro, DNR-GA3 was 18 times less toxic than daunorubicin (DNR) and the prodrug was completely activated to the parent drug by human beta-glucuronidase. The maximum tolerated dose of DNR-GA3 in nude mice bearing s.c. human ovarian cancer xenografts was 6-10 times higher than that of DNR. The prodrug was cleared more rapidly from the circulation (elimination t1/2 = 20 min) than the parent drug (elimination t1/2 = 720 min). The anti-tumour effects of DNR-GA3 and DNR were investigated in four different human ovarian cancer xenografts OVCAR-3, FMa, A2780 and MRI-H-207 at a mean tumour size between 100 and 200 mm3. In three out of four of these tumour lines, the prodrug given i.v. at the maximum tolerated dose ranging from 150 to 250 mg kg(-1) resulted in a maximum tumour growth inhibition from 82% to 95%. The standard treatment with DNR at a dose of 8 mg kg(-1) given i.v. weekly x 2 resulted only in a maximum tumour growth inhibition from 40% to 47%. Tumour line FMa did not respond to DNR, nor to DNR-GA3. Treatment with DNR-GA3 was also given to mice with larger tumours that would contain more necrosis (mean size 300-950 mm3). The specific growth delay by DNR-GA3 was extended from 2.1 to 4.4 in OVCAR-3 xenografts and from 4.4 to 6.0 in MRI-H-207 xenografts. Our data indicate that DNR-GA3 is more effective than DNR and may be especially of use for treatment of tumours with areas of necrosis.
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PMID:The efficacy of the anthracycline prodrug daunorubicin-GA3 in human ovarian cancer xenografts. 986 70

N-[4-daunorubicin-N-carbonyl (oxymethyl)phenyl] O-beta-glucuronyl carbamate (DNR-GA3) is a glucuronide prodrug of daunorubicin (DNR) which induced a better tumor growth delay than DNR when studied at equitoxic doses in three human ovarian cancer xenografts. These results suggested that the prodrug DNR-GA3 was selectively activated by human beta-glucuronidase present in tumor tissue. We determined the pharmacokinetics and distribution of DNR-GA3 in nude mice bearing human ovarian cancer xenografts (OVCAR-3, FMa, A2780, and MRI-H-207). Administration of DNR at 10 mg/kg i.v. (maximum tolerated dose) to OVCAR-3-bearing mice resulted in a peak plasma concentration of the drug of 12.18 microM (t = 1 min). DNR-GA3 at 100 mg/kg i.v. (approximately 50% of the maximum tolerated dose [MTD]) resulted in a peak plasma concentration of DNR that was 28-fold lower than that after DNR itself; in normal tissues, prodrug injection resulted in 5- to 23-fold lower DNR concentrations. DNR showed a relatively poor uptake into OVCAR-3 tumors with a peak concentration of 2.05 nmol x g(-1) after injection. In the same xenograft, DNR-GA3 resulted in a significantly higher DNR peak concentration of 3.45 nmol x g(-1) (P < 0.05). The higher area under the curve of DNR in tumor tissue after DNR-GA3 than after DNR itself would be the result of prodrug activation by beta-glucuronidase. In this respect, a considerably higher beta-glucuronidase activity was found in tumor tissue when compared to plasma. The specific activation of DNR-GA3 by beta-glucuronidase at the tumor site relative to normal organs leads to a more tumor-selective therapy, resulting in greater efficacy without increased toxicity.
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PMID:Distribution and pharmacokinetics of the prodrug daunorubicin-GA3 in nude mice bearing human ovarian cancer xenografts. 1003 53

The prognosis in patients with gynecologic cancers depends not only on the stage but also on a wide spectrum of other findings. Cross-sectional imaging modalities, including sonography, CT and MRI, have increasingly been used for optimal treatment planning in gynecologic cancers. Their staging criteria are based on the well-established FIGO staging system. CT and MRI compete with sonography, which plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the female pelvis. This paper reviews the role of sonography, CT and MRI in the staging of gynecologic malignancies. It puts the emphasis on MRI, which has been established as imaging modality of choice in the preoperative evaluation of cervical and endometrial cancer, and which seems slightly superior to CT in the staging of ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Diagnostic imaging in staging of gynecologic carcinomas]. 1047 90


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