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Query: UMLS:C1140680 (ovarian cancer)
 28,141 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to answer the question, do molecules with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity from colon, breast, and ovarian cancer differ? Extracts of two breast and three ovarian cancers with CEA activity were compared to three colon cancer CEA preparations and to the related antigen, colon carcinoma antigen-III, in terms of lectin- and antiserum-binding properties. With the use of Farr-type radioimmunoassays with the lectins, concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, the iodinated colon CEA and CEA-like preparations from breast and ovarian cancer all showed distinctly different patterns of binding. Specificity of binding was confirmed by inhibition studies with the relevant monosaccharides. Similarly, with antisera prepared against colon CEA, colon carcinoma antigen-III, or breast CEA, it was shown that, although all preparations shared some antigens, unique antigenic determinants were also present on all preparations. These data are consistent with the concept of a series of closely related CEA and CEA-like molecules with distinct characteristics for each tissue source of CEA.
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PMID:Evidence for common and distinct determinants of colon carcinoembryonic antigen, colon carcinoma antigen-III, and molecules with carcinoembryonic antigen activity isolated from breast and ovarian cancer. 6 90

Cancer sera have high levels of an abnormal form of haptoglobin (Hp) that can be extracted from blood using the fucose-specific lectin, Lotus tetragonolobus. In order to investigate the carbohydrate abnormality that is responsible for this effect, the monosaccharide composition of Hp has been measured in Hp preparations isolated from blood samples of healthy women and women with ovarian cancer. The fucose content (g/100 g protein) of Hp was considerably elevated (7-fold) in ovarian cancer; whereas the concentrations of the other sugars were not significantly increased. There were significant increases in the galactose and N-acetylglucosamine contents of the 'cancer' Hp if the levels were expressed relative to the mannose content. This latter finding suggests that there are more oligosaccharide branches on the 'cancer' Hp. The results indicate that Hp is extracted by lotus lectin from ovarian cancer sera because of the increased fucose levels and provide further support for a disturbance in fucose metabolism in cancer.
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PMID:Increased fucosylation and other carbohydrate changes in haptoglobin in ovarian cancer. 145 Oct 94

The molecular nature and possible presence of a glycan-phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI-anchor) in CA125 molecules was investigated. Serial lectin affinity chromatography and N- or O-glycanase treatment to reduce antigenicity showed that CA125 contained certain N- and O-glycosylated sugar chains in the molecule, like a glycoprotein. CA125 released from ovarian cancer tissues increased time-dependently following phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) treatment, concomitant with the release of tissue-unspecific alkaline phosphatase. Western blotting of CA125 treated by PI-PLC showed a single band of 90 kD instead of the 162- and 76-kD bands of the native antigen. Further, ovarian cancer tissues subjected to PI-PLC treatment lost the immunohistochemical localization of CA125 with OC125 antibody. Consequently, it is strongly suggested that CA125 is a glycoprotein that has both N- and O-linked sugar chains and a membranous GPI-anchoring moiety, and further, that its 90-kD form is the antigen without the GPI-anchor.
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PMID:Molecular nature and possible presence of a membranous glycan-phosphatidylinositol anchor of CA125 antigen. 196 50

It was previously reported that sera from ovarian cancer patients contained abnormal forms of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (API) that predicted unresponsiveness to chemotherapy. These molecules were detected by extracting the sera with the fucose-specific lectin, lotus tetragonolobus, and analysing the extracts by electrophoresis. In a new study of ovarian cancer, we report that API cannot be extracted by lotus from fresh sera, unless the specimens are subjected to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Furthermore, increases in lotus-extractable API in the pretreated sera are also associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. This would suggest that lotus is extracting the same molecules in both studies. It seems likely that the discrepancy between the two studies is due to the length of time the specimens were stored prior to analysis. We present evidence suggesting that the API extracted by lotus is present in serum as soluble complexes, the detailed composition of which is unclear. The change in the properties of API in cancer may be very important with respect to tumour spread.
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PMID:Serum alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor with abnormal properties in ovarian cancer. 196 79

1. Three perchloric acid-soluble fractions from ascites of three primary ovarian cancer patients were subjected to Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, respectively, and three Fr. 1 which were eluted in the vicinity of void volume as minor fractions, were then separated by a systematic affinity chromatography using Vicia unijuga lectin-Sepharose CL-4B column and Arachis hypogaea lectin-Sepharose CL-4B column into three glycoproteins, blood group N antigen precursor glycoprotein with Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) activity, T-active glycoprotein and N antigen precursor glycoprotein, respectively. 2. These nine glycoproteins separated in yields of 0.1-1.3 mg per 100 ml of ascites, were demonstrated to be mucin-type glycoproteins with Mw of 1,791,000-4,921,000 and contained 33.8-56.1% carbohydrates.
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PMID:Separation and biochemical characterization of blood group N antigen precursor glycoproteins with Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) activity, T-active glycoproteins and N antigen precursor glycoproteins from ascites of primary ovarian cancer patients. 225 55

We have discovered modified fucosylation of alpha 1-antitrypsin (F-AT) in the sera of ovarian cancer patients. This was detected by SDS/electrophoresis and silver-staining after extracting the sera with the fucose-binding lectin, Lotus tetragonolobus, and was identified as alpha 1-antitrypsin by Western blotting. Initially, high F-AT levels appeared to be related to the recurrence of cancer, but later measurements showed that elevated levels were also present in patients who did not respond to therapy. Using an arbitrary grading system, the level of F-AT was assessed in pairs of sera from 29 ovarian cancer patients undergoing therapy; one specimen collected just after the start of therapy and the other on a later occasion. In 75% of the 15 non-responders, F-AT was higher when measured on a second occasion; whereas in 86% of the 14 responders the second measurement was either unchanged or lower, being frequently undetectable. F-AT levels were also low or undetectable in sera from healthy women. Eight responders were monitored for F-AT throughout cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Despite a high tumour burden at the start of therapy, all patients had relatively low levels of F-AT and this was maintained throughout remission; the levels only becoming elevated with the recurrence of tumour growth. Increased F-AT expression did not appear to be particularly associated with the presence of liver metastases and frequently predated any clinical signs of a recurrence. The interesting characteristics of these molecules could make them useful in the management of ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Fucosylated forms of alpha-1-antitrypsin that predict unresponsiveness to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. 326 32

Cancer sera have higher levels of serum protein-bound fucose than sera from healthy individuals. In an attempt to identify the cause of this increase, fucoproteins were extracted from the sera of cancer patients and healthy individuals using a fucose-specific lectin (lotus tetragonolobus) coupled to Sepharose, and were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Of the several consistent changes observed for the cancer sera, the most striking was a large increase in a component of 40-45 Kdaltons. The expression of this component in the cancer sera was related to the elevation in serum fucose levels. Two dimensional (2D) electrophoretic analysis of lectin extracts showed that this component had a similar isoelectric point to the beta chains of haptoglobin. Its identity as haptoglobin was confirmed using Western blotting and an anti-haptoglobin antibody. Fucosylated haptoglobins (FHp) were also isolated from some rheumatoid arthritis sera, but there was no correlation between serum fucose levels and the FHp expression. The FHp in cancer sera was of higher molecular weight than that found in rheumatoid sera. Serial specimens from two ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy had elevated FHp associated with increased amounts of tumour. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a molecule of this type has been reported in cancer sera and because of its uniqueness it deserves further investigation as a potential cancer marker.
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PMID:Elevated levels of abnormally-fucosylated haptoglobins in cancer sera. 342 24

Differences in the lectin crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis (LCIE) precipitin profile of the antiprotease alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) have been detected between serous effusions of benign and malignant origin. Extra proteins with antigenicity towards anti-human alpha 1-PI appear in both malignant pleural effusions and malignant ascitic fluid caused by ovarian cancer that are not detected in effusions of benign origin. These compounds may be protease-antiprotease complexes caused by tumour excretion of proteases into the serous effusions.
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PMID:Alpha 1-protease inhibitor in serous effusions: differences in lectin crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis precipitin profiles between benign and malignant disease. 349 Oct 59

Two hundred and eighty-six patients presenting with metastatic adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma whose primary site was not identified by clinical history, physical examination and chest radiograph have been studied. Median survival from presentation was 22 weeks. Factors independently predicting improved survival were lymph node presentations, good performance status and body weight loss of less than 10 per cent. In 88 (31 per cent) patients the primary tumour site was subsequently identified, in 58 (20 per cent) during life. Lung cancer was the most frequently identified primary tumour, and in only 32 (11 per cent) of the patients was a 'treatable' primary tumour (i.e. germ cell, breast, ovarian, prostate, thyroid cancer or lymphoma) identified. Among the treatable primary tumours were those in eight out of 16 female patients presenting with axillary metastases who were subsequently shown to have primary breast cancer and four of 13 females presenting with ascites who were found to have primary ovarian cancer. Prostatic cancer was confirmed in five out of 13 men with raised serum acid phosphatase. Of 22 patients with elevated serum alphafoetoprotein (AFP) or beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels (beta HCG) 18 had some features of the 'atypical teratoma syndrome'. Of the total of 32 patients with treatable tumour types, 29 (90 per cent) were identified during life. Median survival for patients with treatable tumour types identified during life was 104 weeks, compared with 22 weeks for the group as a whole. Retrospective immunocytochemical staining of the original biopsy showed that prostatic specific antigen and antibodies to beta HCG and AFP were diagnostically useful, but a series of organ site non-specific markers of histogenesis or cellular differentiation (carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component for IgA, peanut lectin binding, epithelial membrane antigen and keratin) showed no significant correlations with identified primary sites, responsiveness to empirical chemotherapy or survival. Metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma or adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary site represents 6.5 per cent of all referrals to the medical oncology unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. We offer guidelines for the rapid identification of the limited number of primary sites for which effective and specific forms of systemic treatment are available.
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PMID:Metastatic adeno or undifferentiated carcinoma from an unknown primary site--natural history and guidelines for identification of treatable subsets. 365 56

The nonspecific immunosuppressive effect of ascites fluids from ovarian cancer patients was examined and compared with that of noncancerous abdominal effusion and sera from ovarian cancer patients. The malignant ascites fluids produced a noncytotoxic, dose-dependent suppression of DNA synthesis of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The suppression was higher than that observed in sera from cancer patients. No suppressive effect was seen in control abdominal effusion. The factors responsible for inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte function were partially purified from ascites fluid by lentil lectin affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Major active factors had a high molecular weight (440-1500 kilodaltons), an affinity to lentil lectin, and were stable against heat and acid treatment.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive factors in ascites fluids from ovarian cancer patients. 652 82


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