Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1140680 (ovarian cancer)
 28,141 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Solvent-based delivery vehicles for chemotherapy agents have been instrumental in providing a means for hydrophobic agents to be administered intravenously. These solvents, however, have been associated with serious and dose-limiting toxicities. Solvent-based formulations of taxanes, a highly active class of cytotoxic agents, are associated with hypersensitivity reactions, neutropenia, and neuropathy. Nanoparticle technology utilizing the human protein albumin exploits natural pathways to selectively deliver larger amounts of drug to tumors while avoiding some of the toxicities of solvent-based formulations. 130 nM albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel; Abraxane) was recently approved for use in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have failed combination therapy. In a randomized, phase III study in metastatic breast cancer, nab-paclitaxel was found to have improved efficacy and safety compared with conventional, solvent-based paclitaxel. Preliminary data also suggest roles for nab-paclitaxel as a single agent and in combination therapy for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer as well as in other solid tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and malignant melanoma. The nab technology promises to have broad utility in cancer therapy, and clinical trials are underway using nab formulations of other water-insoluble anticancer agents such as docetaxel and rapamycin.
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PMID:Protein nanoparticles as drug carriers in clinical medicine. 1842 79

The spontaneous formation of the neurotoxic carcinogen acrylamide in a wide range of cooked foods has recently been discovered, leading to dietary exposure estimates of 30.8 microg of acrylamide day(-1) for an average 77 kg human male. This is considerably higher than the European legal limit of acrylamide in drinking water, which is approximately 0.2 microg of acrylamide person(-1) day(-1). A recent study of 62,573 women over 11.3 years has observed an increased risk of postmenopausal endometrial and ovarian cancer (but not breast cancer) with increasing dietary acrylamide intake, demonstrating significant risk to human health. As individual acrylamide exposure is affected by dietary habits, cooking methods, and cigarette consumption; accurate extrapolation from estimated dietary exposure is extremely difficult. Quantifying biomarkers of acrylamide exposure therefore remains the most effective means of rapidly determining individual exposure to acrylamide, and correlating exposure with lifestyle choices. Current methodologies for the analysis of blood biomarkers of acrylamide are focused on expensive, slower chromatographic techniques such as GC and LC coupled to mass spectrometry. This paper describes the first successful development of two monoclonal antibodies specific to acrylamide-adducted haemoglobin (IC(50) of 94 ng ml(-1) and 198 ng ml(-1)), that are suitable for use in a high-throughput biomarker immunoassay to determine individual acrylamide exposure. Further development of acrylamide-haemoglobin standards with defined levels of acrylamide adduction will enable a fully quantitative assay, and allow sensitivity comparisons with alternative chromatographic methods of analysis.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody development for acrylamide-adducted human haemoglobin; a biomarker of dietary acrylamide exposure. 1902 59

Polymeric macromolecules are promising drug delivery devices with endocytotic properties that need to be resolved. Host-rotaxanes (HRs) also deliver materials into cells but require improved in vivo targeting capacity. Combining the targeting properties of nanoparticles with the transport function of HRs may improve drug efficacy. Our prototype HR (HR 1) has a short axle and is an efficient transporter. Here, we have constructed HRs that contain an oligo(ethylene glycol) (HR 2) or an oligoalkyl (HR 3) axle with the future goal of combining them with nanoparticles. HR 2 more efficiently delivers Fl-peptides into ovarian cancer cells than HR 3 and, in most cases, than HR 1. HR 2 appears to possess the appropriate balance between water solubility and lipophilicity to be an efficient transporter along with a suitable structure for incorporation into a larger nanoparticle.
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PMID:Host-rotaxanes with oligomeric axles are intracellular transport agents. 1908 21

We report a novel technique of directly coating colloidal CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with silk fibroin (SF), a protein derived from the Bombyx mori silk worm. The approach results in protein-modified QDs with little or no particle aggregation, and mitigates the issue of biocompatibility. QDs have desirable optical properties, such as narrow-band emission, broadband absorption, high quantum yield, and high resistance to photobleaching. SF is a fibrous protein polymer with a biomimetic peptide sequence, water and oxygen permeability, low inflammatory response, no thrombogenecity, and cellular biocompatibility, which are desirable properties for in vivo delivery. Combining the unique properties of QDs with the biocompatibility profile of SF, the approach produces particles representing a powerful tool for numerous in vivo and in vitro applications. The design and preparation of these protein-modified QDs conjugates is reported along with functional characterization using luminescence, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Additionally, we report results obtained using the QDs conjugates as a fluorescent label for bioimaging HEYA8 ovarian cancer cells.
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PMID:Fabrication and characterization of silk-fibroin-coated quantum dots. 1930 98

Cytotoxic activities of cis-platinum complexes against parental and resistant ovarian cancer cell lines were investigated by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis using density functional theory (DFT) based descriptors. The calculated parameters were found to increase the predictability of each QSAR model with incorporation of solvent effects indicating its importance in studying biological activity. Given the importance of logarithmic n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log P(o/w)) in drug metabolism and cellular uptake, we modeled the log P(o/w) of 24 platinum complexes with different leaving and carrier ligands by the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analysis against five different concentrations of MeOH using DFT and molecular mechanics derived descriptors. The log P(o/w) values of an additional set of 20 platinum complexes were also modeled with the same descriptors. We investigated the predictability of the model by calculating log P(o/w) of four compounds in the test set and found their predicted values to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The QSPR analyses performed on 24 complexes, combining the training and test sets, also provided significant values for the statistical parameters. The solvent medium played an important role in QSPR analysis by increasing the internal predictive ability of the models.
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PMID:DFT-based QSAR and QSPR models of several cis-platinum complexes: solvent effect. 1930 27

In this paper, we report a method for recognizing human ovarian tumor (HOT) cells using fluorescent biological label based on core-shell nanoparticles. The luminescent nanoparticles were synthesized with a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion technique. The fluorescent silica core-shell nanoparticles modified with anti-HER2 antibody using bifunctional cross-linker glutaraldehyde targeted the corresponding tumor antigen in the cell surface of the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. The specific immunoreactivity of antibody-nanoparticles with cells was characterized by laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the method offered potential advantages of sensitivity and simplicity due to high binding efficiency between nanoparticles and cells and provided an alternative method for the detection of HOT.
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PMID:Fluorescent biological label for recognizing human ovarian tumor cells based on fluorescent nanoparticles. 1957 86

Infant feeding decisions affect maternal and child health outcomes, worldwide. Even in settings with clean water and good sanitation, infants who are not breast-fed face an increased risk of infectious, as well as non-infectious morbidity and mortality. The decision not to breast-feed can also adversely affect mothers' health by increasing the risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer, ovarian cancer, type II diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Clinicians who counsel mothers about the health impact of infant feeding and provide evidence-based care to maximize successful breast-feeding, can improve the short and long-term health of both mothers and infants.
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PMID:The risks and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children. 1960 6

(1)H-MRS was performed on 12 women (age range 45-72) with ovarian cancer of FIGO stage 3 or above using a 3T MRI system with an 8-channel cardiac receive coil. Respiratory-triggered PRESS-localized spectra (TE = 144 ms) were obtained separately from an ovarian mass and from metastatic disease. Peak areas were quantified relative to unsuppressed water using LCModel and spectra were discarded if LCModel reported signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) < 3 or if no metabolites were reported with standard deviation (SD) < 30%. The cystic fraction of each voxel was estimated by thresholding T(2)-weighted images, and this was used both to correct the reported metabolite concentrations and to calculate an expected SNR of choline using the measured SNR of water. Choline was detected in 10/12 primary tumors and 5/11 metastatic lesions (range 2.0-16.6 mM). Of the 8/23 failures, 7 had a predicted choline SNR < 2, confirming that the failure to detect choline could be explained by technical problems. Glycine was observed in one benign lesion. (1)H-MRS can be used to quantify choline in primary and metastatic masses in ovarian cancer, but the moderately high rate of failure to detect choline necessitates careful recording of data quality parameters to discriminate true from false negatives.
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PMID:Metabolic characterization of primary and metastatic ovarian cancer by 1H-MRS in vivo at 3T. 1964 5

The synthesis and characterization of ruthenium(II) arene complexes of the general formula [(eta(6)-arene)Ru(XY)Z](+), where arene = p-cymene (p-cym), hexamethylbenzene (hmb), or biphenyl (bip), XY = o-phenylenediamine (o-pda), o-benzoquinonediimine (o-bqdi), or 4,5-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine (dmpda), and Z = Cl, Br, or I, are reported (complexes 1-6). In addition, the X-ray crystal structures of [(eta(6)-p-cym)Ru(o-pda)Cl]PF(6) (1) and [(eta(6)-hmb)Ru(o-bqdi)Cl]PF(6) (3PF(6)) are described. The Ru-N distances in 3PF(6) are significantly shorter [2.033(4) and 2.025(4) A] compared to those in 1 [2.141(2) and 2.156(2) A]. All of the imine complexes (3-5) exhibit a characteristic broad (1)H NMR NH resonance at ca. delta 14-15. Complex 1 undergoes concomitant ligand-based oxidation and hydrolysis (38% after 24 h) in water. The oxidation also occurs in methanol. The iodido complex [(eta(6)-p-cym)Ru(o-bqdi)I]I (4) did not undergo hydrolysis, whereas the chlorido complex 3 showed relatively fast hydrolysis (t(1/2) = 7.5 min). Density functional theory calculations showed that the total bonding energy of 9-EtG in [(eta(6)-p-cym)Ru(o-pda)(9-EtG-N7)](2+) (1EtG) is 23.8 kJ/mol lower than that in [(eta(6)-p-cym)Ru(o-bqdi)(9-EtG-N7)](2+) (3EtG). The greater bonding energy is related to the contribution from strong hydrogen bonding between the NH proton of the chelating ligand and O6 of 9-EtG (1.69 A). A loss of cytotoxic activity was observed upon oxidation of the amine ligand to an imine (e.g., IC(50) = 11 microM for 1 and IC(50) > 100 microM for 3, against A2780 ovarian cancer cells). The relationship between the cytotoxic activity and the solution and solid state structures of the imine and amine complexes is discussed.
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PMID:Ruthenium(II) arene anticancer complexes with redox-active diamine ligands. 1978 Jun 21

We present a technique for the replacement of oleate with a PEG-phosphate ligand [PEG = poly(ethylene glycol)] as an efficient method for the generation of water-dispersible NaYF(4) nanoparticles (NPs). The PEG-phosphate ligands are shown to exchange with the original oleate ligands on the surface of the NPs, resulting in water-dispersible NPs. The upconversion intensity of the NPs in aqueous environments was found to be severely quenched when compared to the original NPs in organic solvents. This is attributed to an increase in the multiphonon relaxations of the lanthanide excited state in aqueous environments due to high energy vibrational modes of water molecules. This problem could be overcome partially by the synthesis of core/shell NPs which demonstrated improved photophysical properties in water over the original core NPs. The PEG-phosphate coated upconverting NPs were then used to image a line of ovarian cancer cells (CaOV3) to demonstrate their promise in biological application.
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PMID:Surface modification of upconverting NaYF4 nanoparticles with PEG-phosphate ligands for NIR (800 nm) biolabeling within the biological window. 1981 Jul 25


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