Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1140680 (ovarian cancer)
 28,141 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The beneficial effects of combined estrogen-progestin-containing oral contraceptives (OCs) include prevention of pregnancy (less than 1 failure out of 100 regular users); the prevention of ectopic pregnancy; the reduction of preeclampsia (2.4 times lower risk compared with barrier methods); and reduction of pelvic inflammation to about one-half. The effects on menstruation include the reduction of sideropenic anemia (by lowering the incidence and duration of menstruation, OCs reduce the loss of iron to 50% or to as much as 33%); dysmenorrhea by 40% (symptoms receded in 90% of users); and premenstrual syndrome by 30%. OCs exert a favorable effect on menstrual epilepsy; reduce sports-related accidents in the premenstrual and menstrual periods; and reduce intermenstrual bleeding. The protection from cancer includes the lowering of endometrial cancer risk (every 2 years of use reduces the risk by 38%, 12 years of use by 70%, and the beneficial effects last 3-15 years); reduction of the risk of the ovarian cancer (already 3-6 months of use reduces the risk by 30%, and more than 5 years by 50% in women under 50 years of age with a longterm effect of 10 years or more, which drops sharply in women over 60 who are mostly at risk). Among other beneficial effects, they reduce benign mastopathy by 50-75%; reduce the risk of follicular ovarian cysts to 50% and the risk of corpus luteal ovarian cysts to 1/5; and they lessen bone loss which favorably affects osteoporosis. Low-dose OCs minimize the well-known risks of thrombotic and cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, hypertension, altered carbohydrate metabolism, gallbladder diseases, and liver cancer. A new OC with 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol was tested with daily doses of 150 mcg of desogestrel. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) either increased or did not change with desogestrel: the HDL2 subfraction that protects from atherosclerosis did not change, and probably the HDL3 raised the HDL level.
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PMID:[Favorable effects of oral estrogen-progestin contraception]. 181 41

A four-fold (P less than 0.001) mean increase in iron levels was found in 18 patients (a total of 36 courses of therapy) with ovarian cancer at the end of a 5-day course of cisplatin (40 mg/m2 per day every 4-5 weeks). The kinetics of these modifications began very early (24-48 h after initiation of therapy): they reached their maximum on the 4th-5th day, coinciding with the last drug administration, and basal levels were recovered after the 10th day. A subsequent eight-fold average increase (P less than 0.001) in ferritin serum levels, beginning 2 days after the iron changes, was observed, but showed a slower regression (after the 15th day). Reticulocyte counts were lowered (P less than 0.001) with the same time-course of the iron increases, but returned to pretreatment levels within 2 weeks. Total bilirubin and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase showed significantly delayed increases compared with iron. The results are in keeping with a reduced iron utilization by the erythroid precursors, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded. There is no statistical correlation between the early iron increases and the subsequent hemoglobin nadir values.
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PMID:Changes in serum iron levels following very high-dose cisplatin. 358 20

The new generation of oral contraceptives (OCs) contains less than 50 mcg of estrogen compared to previous levels of 100-150 mcg, and as a result have fewer undesirable side effects. In addition, it appears that the newer OCs decrease the susceptibility to many diseases. For example, the pill decreases by 40% the risk that a woman under 55 years of age will develop ovarian cancer. The risk of endometrial cancer is reduced by 50% in OC users. The pill also significantly lowers the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease--a condition that is involved in almost 20% of all gynecologic problems and is a leading cause of infertility. OC use reduces the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Further, by decreasing menstrual blood flow, the pill protects against iron-deficiency anemia. The pill is claimed to decrease premenstrual tension, menstrual cramps, and even acne. It has a protective effect against ovarian cysts and benign breast cancer. Finally, there is the possibility that OCs protect against the development of rheumatoid arthritis and duodenal ulcers.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives come of age. 385 23

Studies have documented the protective effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) against 5 diseases: 1) OCs prevent 50-75% of potential cases of benign breast disease; there is an estimated annual reduction of 235 hospitalized cases for every 100,000 U.S. women using OCs or about 20,000 hospitalizations each year. 2)OCs reduce the occurrence of retention cysts of the ovary; an estimated 3000 surgical procedures for ovarian cysts are prevented each year in the U.S. 3) OC users have approximately 45% less iron-deficiency anemia than nonusers due to less menstrual flow. 4) OCs protect against the development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); 600 of every 100,000 OC users are prevented from contracting a 1st episode of PID and 156 PID hospitalizations are averted for every 100,000 OC users annually. 5) OCs protect against ectopic pregnancy; approximately 120 hospitalizations/100,000 users are prevented annually. 3 additional diseases may be prevented by OCs, although the evidence is not as conclusive as for the 5 previously discussed; OC users are only 1/2 as likely to develop: 1) rheumatoid arthritis, 2) endometrial cancer, and 3) ovarian cancer as nonusers. OCs have also been shown to reduce the incidence of such disorders as excessive menstrual bleeding, irregular menses, intermenstrual bleeding, painful menstruation, and premenstrual tension.
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PMID:The noncontraceptive health benefits from oral contraceptive use. 711 6

We have reviewed the application of our in vitro assay for human tumor stem cells to the cloning of human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells in soft agar. Tumor colonies grew from both effusions and biopsies from 85% of more than 100 ovarian cancer patients tested. Up to 2,000 colonies appeared after 10 to 14 days in culture, yielding a maximum plating efficiency of 1%. Cells from nonmalignant effusions did not form colonies under these conditions. The number of tumor colonies was proportional to the number of cells plated between concentrations of 104 to 106 cells/dish. Morphological and histochemical criteria showed that the colonies consisted of cells with the same characteristics as those of the original tumor. H3Tdr suicide colony-forming cells were actively in transient through the cell cycle. Removal of phagocytic cells with carbonyl iron markedly reduced the plating efficiency, and 2-mercaptoethanol could only partially substitute for macrophages. Spleen cell-conditioned medium from oil-primed BALB/c mice was not required. Endogenous macrophages within the tumor may provide the conditioning factor or factors required for in vitro growth. Thus, this assay is proving extremely useful for studying the biology and drug sensitivity of human ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Development of a bioassay for ovarian carcinoma colony-forming cells. 720 27

The noncontraceptive health benefits of oral contraceptives were initially summarized a decade ago. Studies conducted in the last decade confirmed the findings of earlier studies with high-dose oral contraceptives and extended them to low-dose formulations. Among the noncontraceptive health benefits first cited were reductions in menorrhagia, irregular menses, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, functional ovarian cysts, benign breast disease, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual tension and iron-deficiency anemia. In addition, women who used oral contraceptives were less likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis or acute salpingitis, particularly moderate or severe forms, than were women using no method of contraception. Despite the fact that such benefits were identified more than 10 years ago and despite their inclusion in oral contraceptive labeling, women today are largely unaware of the noncontraceptive health benefits associated with oral contraceptive use.
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PMID:Noncontraceptive benefits of oral contraceptives. 812 Aug 59

In 23 patients with treated ovarian cancer, 24 magnetic resonance (MR) examinations of the abdomen and pelvis were performed before and after administration of an oral superparamagnetic contrast medium. Depiction of bowel loops was judged sufficient in 47% with plain scans and in 85% with enhanced scans. Minor artefacts attributed to the agent were noted in 32% of examinations and were classified as disturbing in 8%. The diagnostic information obtained after contrast enhancement was estimated to be superior to that from plain MRI in 20% of patients. The use of oral contrast medium did not alter the MR diagnosis of "tumour recurrence" or "disease-free" in any patient. Our results suggest that superparamagnetic iron oxide is an effective and reliable approach to negative bowel contrast enhancement, increasing the confidence level when distinguishing intestines from solid structures.
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PMID:Superparamagnetic particles as oral contrast medium in magnetic resonance imaging of patients with treated ovarian cancer--comparison with plain MRI. 831 62

The plasma concentrations of erythropoietin (Ep), soluble transferrin receptors (sTfRs), iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin were monitored in five leukaemia patients undergoing autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation (BMSCT) and in 10 lymphoma and 21 ovarian cancer patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood SCT (PBSCT); 9/21 ovarian cancer patients received recombinant human G-CSF and Ep and six recombinant human GM-CSF and Ep following SCT. All parameters were evaluated in relation to the kinetics of erythroid reconstitution as evaluated by haemoglobin (Hb) and reticulocyte levels [including the fraction of immature reticulocytes, also called highly fluorescent reticulocytes (HFR)]. Leukaemia patients undergoing BMSCT showed only a delayed (occurring at days 35-50 after SCT) and partial RBC, neutrophil and platelet recovery, whereas all patients undergoing PBSCT exhibited a rapid (occurring at days 10-15 after SCT) and sustained haemopoietic recovery. The various levels of erythroid rescue observed among these patients markedly influenced the kinetics of the different parameters investigated: (i) in leukaemia BMSCT patients sTfRs declined following SCT and remained at low levels thereafter, whereas Ep, iron. TIBC and ferritin showed a progressive and significant increase; (ii) in the different groups of patients undergoing PBSCT: (a) sTfR levels first declined following SCT and then returned to pre-therapy values at days 12-16, this response preceded erythropoietic recovery; (b) Ep, total iron, TIBC and ferritin showed an initial increase in the first days following SCT and then returned to pre-therapy values. Altogether, these observations indicate that: (i) both sTfR levels and reticulocyte counts are predictive parameters of erythropoietic recovery; (ii) coordinated changes of biochemical parameters underlying iron metabolism (iron, TIBC and ferritin) accompany erythroid rescue following SCT.
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PMID:Autologous stem cell transplantation: evaluation of erythropoietic reconstitution by highly fluorescent reticulocyte counts, erythropoietin, soluble transferrin receptors, ferritin, TIBC and iron dosages. 907 20

The overexpression of HER-2/neu proto-oncogene has been found in a variety of human cancers. In particular, the amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu gene were found in 20-30% of breast and ovarian cancer patients with a decreased survival and an increased relapse rates. To target the breast cancer cells overexpressing HER-2/neu mRNA, a novel approach is described that combines the antisense principle and the biochemical property of a translation regulator, an iron responsive element (IRE). This report shows that a HER-2/neu antisense IRE-reporter gene can be preferentially expressed in the breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2/neu mRNA. This antisense IRE-mediated gene expression system may be applied broadly to target other cell type that uniquely expresses or overexpresses a known gene.
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PMID:Targeting human breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2/neu mRNA by an antisense iron responsive element. 961 Mar 62

The clinical development of dexrazoxane (DEX; ICRF-187; Zinecard, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) was originally begun using it as an antineoplastic agent. It had a unique mechanism of action and activity in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. Phase I trials with the agent began in January 1979. The phase I trials indicated that DEX could be safely administered, with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia being the dose-limiting toxicities, on a number of different schedules of administration. Some hints of antitumor activity were also noted. In the phase I studies it was also noted, based on the chelating abilities of DEX, that the compound caused marked increases in urine clearance of iron and zinc in patients receiving the agent. That information, plus the information being generated in preclinical studies that DEX could protect against the cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines (through a decrease in free radical formation), led to the use of DEX as a cardioprotective agent (as thoroughly discussed in this supplement). However, in addition to working as a cardioprotective agent, DEX has other potential applications that are outlined below and include (1) treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma, based on its activity as an angiogenesis inhibitor; (2) enhancement of the effects of cisplatin, based on its ability to increase the antiproliferative effects of cisplatin on human ovarian cancer cells; (3) use for treatment of iron overload states in patients who are allergic to deferoxamine; (4) treatment of patients with psoriasis; (5) protection from hyperoxic effects on the lungs; (6) protection from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis; (7) attenuation of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity; (8) prevention of mucositis; and (9) other applications. Clearly, there should be additional investigations to maximize the usefulness of the very interesting DEX molecule.
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PMID:Phase I trials of dexrazoxane and other potential applications for the agent. 976 21


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