Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1140680 (ovarian cancer)
 28,141 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefuzonam (CZON) which has a broad spectrum on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated in severe infections associated with hematological disorders. Sixty five patients were treated with CZON. Among them, 56 patients were evaluable for effectiveness. Nine patients were not evaluable because 3 patients were treated with combination of other antibiotics such as ceftizoxime, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, 1 patient was subjected to additional therapy of G-CSF and gamma-globulin, 4 were the patients with other disease than hematologic disorder (3 malignant mesotheliomas, 1 ovarian cancer), and the remaining one was prophylactically treated. Excellent responses were observed in 21 (37.5%) patients, good responses in 11 (19.6%) patients, with an overall efficacy rate of 57.1%. The efficacy rate in septic patients was 80% (4/5), and that in patient whose peripheral granulocytes were continuously below 100/microliters was 60% (3/5). Three patients who suffered from malignant mesothelioma, one patient who suffered from ovarian cancer, one patient who was treated prophylactically were included in the final evaluation of side effects. Side effects were observed in 2 patients (2/61, 3.3%). In a patient of 7 years, mild liver disfunction (GOT/GPT, 46/55) was found in 10 days after CZON treatment was started. In a patient of 65 years, mild appetite loss was identified in 2 days after CZON administration was begun. The liver disfunction was improved soon after the cessation of the treatment. The mild appetite loss disappeared while the treatment was continued. These results showed that CZON was an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam of severe infections in leukemia and related disorders]. 228 6

Human recombinant colony-stimulating factors may be used to treat or prevent neutropenia caused by marrow toxic chemotherapeutic agents administered to patients with cancer. Despite their common clinical use, little is known about the potential adverse effects that these cytokines may have on the growth of malignant cells. Indeed, several in vitro reports have indicated that colony-stimulating factors may act as stimulating growth factors in some human malignancies. To evaluate these effects in ovarian cancer, we investigated the possible growth effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF/Filgrastim) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF/Sargramostim) on four established ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as five primary ovarian cancer cultures over a wide range of pharmacologic doses. Cell viability was measured by an ATP bioluminescence assay and expressed as a percentage of untreated control cultures. G-CSF showed no growth-stimulating effects in any of the four established cell lines tested. In the OVCAR-3 cell line, a decrease in growth (> 10%) was seen at 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml after 5 days of continuous treatment. In the same cell line, GM-CSF caused an increase (> 10%) in growth at the same doses. However, these changes did not demonstrate statistical significance in a dose-dependent fashion. In the five primary cultures treated with G-CSF, only one demonstrated statistically significant increases in growth in a dose-dependent manner. GM-CSF treatment had no significant growth alterations in these same five primary cultures. These results would suggest that colony-stimulating factors may act as growth factors in some but not all ovarian cancer cells. Further investigations into the receptor status of ovarian cancer cells for these cytokines are underway to clarify this issue.
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PMID:In vitro growth effects of colony-stimulating factors in ovarian cancer. 751 21

Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) populations used for transplantation were analyzed for the presence of CD34+ cells, colony-forming cells (initial CFC), and long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-IC) cultured on irradiated stroma for 5 weeks. Thirty-eight leukapheresis products were studied from 11 patients with breast cancer, 2 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1 with ovarian cancer harvested during recovery from either cyclophosphamide (CY) chemotherapy or cyclophosphamide-VP16 with G-CSF (CY-VP-G). CY-VP-G products had a threefold higher median number of mononuclear cells collected, a fivefold higher median concentration of CD34 and LTC-IC and a threefold higher concentration of initial-CFC when compared with CY products. CY-VP-G products had a significantly higher ratio of CFU-GM to BFU-E than the CY-mobilized products. Significant correlations of r = 0.89 and r = 0.68 were observed when comparing CD34 and CFC in products from CY or CY-VP-G patients, respectively. Analysis of the regression lines indicated that slopes of these regression lines were significantly different with a ratio of CD34 to initial CFC of 15:1 in the CY-VP-G products versus 5.2:1 with the CY products. These data indicate a higher cloning efficiency of the CD34+ population in the products from CY-mobilized patients. Significant correlations of r = 0.9 (CY) and r = 0.53 (CY-VP-G) were observed when the initial CD34 concentration and the LTC-IC were compared. Comparison of initial CFC with LTC-IC also showed significant correlations (r = 0.94, CY; r = 0.58, CY-VP-G) in samples from both patient groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation of colony-forming cells, long-term culture initiating cells and CD34+ cells in apheresis products from patients mobilized for peripheral blood progenitors with different regimens. 751 60

We tested in vitro the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) plus recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) on purified human CD34+ haemopoietic progenitors (HP) and in vivo in patients who had undergone anti-cancer chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. In this preliminary experience we found that, in vitro, rhEPO potentiates the effect of rhG-CSF on HP growth and differentiation toward the granulocyte-macrophage lineage. rhEPO plus rhG-CSF produced in vitro a proliferative stimulus of HP which represents 26% of the maximum stimulation obtained using IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF and stem cell factor in combination. In the patients treated with rhEPO plus rhG-CSF after chemotherapy, we observed a favourable trend for platelet and neutrophil recoveries compared with a control group treated with rhG-CSF alone and a significantly higher haematocrit nadir was observed in the rhEPO plus rhG-CSF series. In the patients treated with rhEPO plus rhG-CSF we observed a significant increase of circulating colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-e) compared with the rhG-CSF series. Our results, in vitro and in vivo, encourage the in vivo use of rhEPO plus rhG-CSF to improve blood cell recoveries of patients who have undergone conventional or high-dose chemotherapy. Moreover, rhEPO plus rhG-CSF was demonstrated to be a good HP mobilising treatment for blood stem cell collection after chemotherapy.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo effects of recombinant human erythropoietin plus recombinant human G-CSF on human haemopoietic progenitor cells. 752 5

The purpose of this study was to review the clinical outcomes and cost of administration of a prophylactic antibiotic compared to G-CSF for the prevention of neutropenic morbidity associated with taxol. The study group was composed of 62 patients with ovarian cancer who received a 24-h infusion of a taxol-based regimen at doses less than or equal to 175 mg/m2 between June 1992 and April 1994. The records were retrospectively reviewed and the patients were grouped and analyzed according to the management of their myelosuppression. Group I patients (n = 29) were observed until their absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was less than 500/microliters and then were placed on ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice a day until their ANC was 1,000/microliters. Group II patients (n = 15) received G-CSF from Day 2 until the ANC was greater than 10,000/microliters beginning with their first cycle. Group III patients (n = 18) received their taxol regimen without either ciprofloxacin or G-CSF. Two hundred eighty-two taxol-based chemotherapy cycles were administered to these 62 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups concerning disease status as measured by age, stage, performance status, dose intensity, or number of previous regimens. There were two episodes of febrile neutropenia in Group I and three episodes in Group II. Group III had 15 episodes of febrile neutropenia. The estimated cost of the different prophylactic regimens was $5,215.00 for Group I versus $104,000.00 for G-CSF in Group II. Within the three groups, there were 27 patients with an episode of febrile neutropenia (n = 20) or prolonged myelosuppression (n = 7) that were followed for an additional 104 taxol cycles. Twenty-four of these patients received G-CSF prophylaxis with intermittent ciprofloxacin and three received only ciprofloxacin. There were eight more episodes of febrile neutropenia in the patients receiving G-CSF. There were no additional febrile episodes on cycles prophylaxed with ciprofloxacin. There was no septic mortality. For patients receiving a 24 h infusion of taxol at doses less than 175 mg/m2, ciprofloxacin given through the ANC nadir may be effective in preventing febrile morbidity. A prospective randomized trial is underway to evaluate this approach.
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PMID:Chemoprophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin in ovarian cancer patients receiving taxol. 753 Jun 77

In patients with extensive chemotherapy, G-CSF abrogated leukopenia following administration of cytotoxic agents. Six women with ovarian cancer and chemotherapy-induced leukopenia received 300 micrograms Filgrastrim (r-metHuG-CSF, Neupogen 30; AMGEN, Germany) daily for 10 days. Leukocytes and lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood were determined before, throughout and after subcutaneous injections of G-CSF by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD16/56, CD19 and CD45. It could be observed that not only neutrophils (23 fold) but also lymphocytes (6 fold) and monocytes (10 fold) showed a dramatic increase in cell counts throughout and after G-CSF administration. This is in contrast to previous reports, where only effects on neutrophils were described. In spite of the increase in lymphocytes the relative percentage of CD3+, CD19+, CD3-CD16/CD56+, CD3+, CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ lymphocyte subsets did not change throughout and after therapy, except for an increased expression of HLA-DR on CD3+ lymphocytes.
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PMID:[Effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes in patients with chemotherapy-induced leukopenia]. 753 60

Rapid hematopoietic reconstitution following peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) autotransplantation is thought to result from reinfusion of committed progenitor cells. This has raised concern that PBPC autografts might be rich in committed hematopoietic progentors responsible for early engraftment, but deficient in more primitive progenitors required for long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. The granulomonocytic colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) assay measures committed progenitors responsive to a single species of colony-stimulating activity such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), whereas the pre-CFU assay identifies more primitive progenitors by measuring interleukin-3 (IL-3) and kit ligand (KL) induced generation of secondary CFU-GM from CD34+, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide resistant progenitors that require multiple cytokine stimuli. Paired bone marrow (BM) and PBPC samples from 17 breast and ovarian cancer patients participating in four separate clinical trials were compared in these assay systems. In seven of nine patients, PBPC autografts mobilized with cyclophosphamide rebound and G-CSF compared favorably with paired BM autografts in both committed and primitive progenitor capacity. Failure to mobilize substantial primitive progenitor cell numbers occurred in two of nine patients undergoing this mobilization regimen and could not have been predicted by either circulating CFU-GM or CD34+ cell number. Prior myelosuppressive treatment experiences reduced peripheral progenitor yields somewhat, but still allowed for the collection of PBPC autografts which compared favorably with BM autografts in total CFU-GM and Pre-CFU. Mobilization of PBPC with G-CSF or GM-CSF alone in patients who had received prior myelosuppressive therapies produced autografts which were relatively deficient in committed progenitors, but absolutely deficient in primitive progenitors. We conclude that optimization of patient characteristics and mobilization parameters can achieve PBPC autografts rich in both the primitive and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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PMID:Factors affecting the mobilization of primitive and committed hematopoietic progenitors into the peripheral blood of cancer patients. 753 69

Recent clinical trials have confirmed that cisplatinum combination has advantages for advanced ovarian cancer interns of response rate, response duration and disease-free time, but little advantage for overall survival. Although addition of doxorubicin to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a matter of controversy between European countries and the USA, high-dose epirubicin, which is an analog of doxorubicin, has a potent response in relapsed cases after CDDP combination chemotherapy. Clinical trails of epirubicin + CPA + CDDP for advanced ovarian cancer and underway in Japan. Under standard supportive care, escalated CDDP dose may prolong median survival time, but its advantage for long-time survival is questionable. Trials of high-dose chemotherapy as front line treatment for advanced ovarian cancer supported by PBSCT/G-CSF in combination with assessment of scheduled AUC have been collected from many world-wide institutes. GOG demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of CDDP with intravenous CPA had obvious superiority to intravenous CDDP and CPA in overall survival and adverse effect for stage III ovarian cancer, under the conditions that 70% of cases had minimum residual tumor (< 0.5 cm). We have to make sure whether this modality has the same effect on early and stage IV ovarian cancer. Taxol plus CDDP has promising benefits for median disease free survival and median survival time, so it is becoming the standard regimen for advanced ovarian cancer in USA. The delay of the clinical introduction of taxanes should be eliminated promptly in Japan.
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PMID:[Consensus and new development in epithelial ovarian cancer chemotherapy in 1995]. 766 70

Hexamethylmelamine (HMM) and oral etoposide (VP-16) have shown to be active against platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. On this basis a three-drug regimen including carboplatin (CBDCA) plus HMM and oral VP-16 was tested in previously untreated ovarian cancer patients with tumor size > 2 cm. Since October 1991, 29 chemotherapy-naive ovarian cancer patients with tumor larger than 2 cm (20 stage III and 9 stage IV) have been treated for a total of 153 courses. CBDCA was administered i.v. on Day 1. The dose was individualized using the Calvert formula (the target dose was AUC = 5). VP-16 was administered orally at the dose of 50 mg/m2 Days 1-14, HMM at the dose of 150 mg/m2 po Days 14-28. Therapy was repeated every 28 days for a total of 6 courses. In order to avoid severe leukopenia and delays in the treatment administration, G-CSF 5 micrograms/kg/day sc Days 8-14 (or until postnadir recovery of neutrophil count > 10,000/mm3) and Days 22-28 was administered. All patients were evaluable for toxicity. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Myelotoxicity was the main side effect. It was grade 3-4 in a total of 13/29(45%) patients. One patient discontinued treatment after the first course due to HMM-related gastrointestinal toxicity. The actual delivered dose intensity was 89% of the planned dose. At the time of this analysis (April 1994) 26 patients are evaluable for response. Fifteen patients achieved a clinical complete remission and 9 a partial response for a 92% overall response rate. Fourteen patients accepted second-look laparotomy. We observed 11 pathological complete regressions (42%; 95% CI, 21-63). At a median follow-up of 16 months 3 deaths have occurred. Only 2 patients with NED at second-look laparotomy have relapsed. We stopped the accrual since the 95% confidence interval of the pCR-rate observed exceeded 20%. This new first-line regimen seems to be highly effective in patients with poor-prognosis advanced ovarian cancer, although the data are not yet sufficiently mature for a final analysis of time to progression and overall survival.
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PMID:Carboplatin (CBDCA)-hexamethylmelamine (HMM)-oral etoposide (VP-16) first-line treatment of ovarian cancer patients with bulky disease: a phase II study. 778 93

Taxol is a cytostatic agent of plant origin with a complex structure and a special mode of action. Owing to the small content of this substance in the bark of the Pacific yew, from which Taxol is derived, it has only been available on a limited scale. Hitherto, Taxol's chemical structure has precluded the synthesis of large quantities of this cytostatic agent. Analogue substances can be obtained from the needles of the yew, although more efficient methods are needed for the manufacture of this medicine on a commercial scale. The present paper summarises the results of preclinical and clinical studies of patients suffering from ovarian and breast cancer. In phase I studies, it was possible to delineate the side effect profile of Taxol, neutropenia being dose-limiting in most investigations. The efficacy of Taxol on patients with ovarian cancer was initially demonstrated in phase I studies. These results led to phase II studies, in which response rates of 20-36% were obtained on patients with relapsing or therapy-refractory ovarian carcinomas. In phase III studies, the efficacy of Taxol combined with cisplatinum is currently being compared with the classical regimen of cisplatinum/cyclophosphamide. Further studies are under way testing Taxol in combination with G-CSF and cisplatinum. As a supplement to intravenous Taxol therapy, initial experience with intraperitoneal Taxol treatment is now available. Taxol's cytostatic efficacy has also been confirmed in the treatment of patients suffering from metastatic breast cancer with remission rates of 56-62%. Taxol is an important new cytostatic agent for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Taxol--a new cytostatic drug for therapy of ovarian and breast cancer]. 791 12


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