Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C1140680 (ovarian cancer)
 28,141 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method of superimposing computed tomography (CT) and immunoscintigraphic (IS) single photon emission tomography (SPET) slices is presented and has been applied to 10 patients with suspected cancer recurrence. IS was performed with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific indium-111 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in 5 patients with colorectal cancer, and with OC125 111In-MoAbs in 5 patients with ovarian cancer. All patients had an abnormal CT image result in the pelvis, which was interpreted 5 times as recurrence, once as doubtful and four times as scar fibrosis. Recurrence was subsequently proven in all patients. Bone scintigraphy (BS) SPET was recorded at the same time as IS. No special technique was used during BS, IS or CT acquisition. CT images were fed into a computer using a CCD camera. Using the internal anatomical landmarks provided by the pelvic bone structures seen on CT and BS, an operator had to select corresponding fiducial points, which were used by the software to register the images. The final results were CT-BS and CT-IS superimposed images. CT-BS images were used for quality control. In all patients, the inspection of CT-BS and CT-IS showed that the registration process is accurate and assists in the co-interpretation of CT and IS images.
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PMID:Superimposition of computed tomography and single photon emission tomography immunoscintigraphic images in the pelvis: validation in patients with colorectal or ovarian carcinoma recurrence. 157 83

The Niigata Gynecological Cancer Society has been investigating the role of the second look operation (SLO) in the multi-disciplinary treatment of ovarian cancer, in cooperation with many other institutions, since 1981. One hundred seventy patients who underwent initial treatment for primary common epithelial ovarian cancer were analyzed in the present study. The distribution of clinical stages was as follows: stage I, 60 cases: stage II, 27 cases; stage III, 72 cases; and stage IV, 11 cases. Results; Five-year survival rates were 96% in stage I, 54% in stage II, 26% in stage III and 23% (4-year rate) in stage IV. Survival rates classified by the degree of completion of initial operation were 94% (5-year) in the complete extirpation group, 45% (4-year) in the group with residual tumor within 2 cm, 8% (4.5-year) in the group with residual tumor over 2 cm and 18% (5-year) in the exploratory laparotomy group. There were 89 cases of incomplete initial surgery, and 51 of them underwent SLO after FCAP therapy (Cisplatin + Adriamycin + Cyclophosphamide + 5-fluorouracil). Cancer was macroscopically completely removed in 20 cases (39.2%) by SLO, with the 4.5-year survival rate of 58%. In 25% of the cases with initial exploratory laparotomy group, the residual cancer was completely extirpated. There were 74 cases of complete initial surgery at stage I and stage II. They have been given FCAP therapy with 3 courses and maintenance chemotherapy. SLO was performed in 40 cases without clinical signs of recurrence. Recurrent cancer was noted in 2 cases (5%). On the other hand, 3 cases (12.5%) had recurred in 24 cases without SLO within about 2 years from initial operation. Consequently, SLO in the treatment of ovarian cancer is considered to be effective in the extirpation of residual cancer and in the early detection of cancer recurrence.
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PMID:[Studies of second-look operations (SLO) in ovarian cancer]. 265 22

The study was designed to determine the efficacy of a two-drug and three-drug combination chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma resistant to alkylating monotherapy. Patients were randomized to receive either Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (AP) repeated every 3 weeks, or AP plus hexamethylmelamine (HAP) repeated every 5 weeks. Forty-five patients were evaluable for response and 49 for survival. No significant differences were found between the treatment groups as to response rate, progression-free survival, and survival. A remission was achieved in 20% of the patients and stable disease in another 20%. Median progression-free survival of all patients was only 4 months (median survival, 6 months). All patients showed progressive disease within 13 months after the onset of chemotherapy. Patients responding to treatment and those with an interval of more than 2 years between the initial diagnosis and cancer recurrence, experienced prolonged survival. Two conclusions can be drawn from the results of this study; neither of the regimens is superior to the other, and the effect of both in alkylator-resistant patients with ovarian cancer are meager. In studies on salvage chemotherapy, to the contrary, these combinations induced remissions in more than 40% of the patients. This difference in response rate might be due to differences between the prognostic factors of the patient populations. Better results are to be expected when these drugs are used in initial drug programs for previously untreated patients.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with or without hexamethylmelamine in alkylating-agent resistant ovarian carcinoma. 642 72

A detailed analysis of the patterns of treatment failure of ovarian malignancy may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the natural history of the disease. A hypothesis was generated that suggests treatment failure was caused by ovarian cancer persistence and by reimplantation of tumor emboli trapped within surgically traumatized tissues. Nine ovarian cancer patients who had previously undergone standard surgical removal of the primary cancer were prospectively studied at a reoperative procedure. The operative findings at the time of primary cancer surgery and reoperative surgery were scored for the presence of tumor in 9 abdominopelvic regions and 17 abdominopelvic sites. These data were then statistically analyzed. In 7 of the 9 patients ovarian cancer recurrence was associated with an increased intraperitoneal dissemination of tumor. A mean of 3.1 regions were involved at the time of the initial surgery and 5.3 were involved at reoperation. The regions most consistently involved were those in close proximity to the primary cancer. The anatomic sites that showed a preponderance of recurrence were the rectosigmoid colon, cul-de-sac of Douglas, left paracolic gutter, vagina, and abdominal incision. Traumatized sites always showed more cancer recurrence than nontraumatized sites. The vaginal cuff and abdominal incision, sites free of cancer after hysterectomy but at high risk for tumor cell entrapment, were disproportionately common sites for cancer found at reoperation. This study shows that in this reoperative setting ovarian cancer recurrence is most common in the pelvis and the left lower part of the abdomen. The cul-de-sac of Douglas and the rectosigmoid colon are anatomic sites at extreme risk for disease progression. These are sites in which ovarian cancer implants not removed by routine hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy will persist. Also, sites traumatized by surgery were disproportionately involved by cancer at reoperation. These data may be interpreted to suggest that anatomic sites with cancer persistence and with cancer implantation induced by surgical trauma are the most common sites for ovarian cancer recurrence in this select group of patients.
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PMID:Pathobiology of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian malignancy. 883 76

A phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the 125I-radiolabeled anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibody, CC49, as a component of a system for the intraoperative detection of occult ovarian cancer deposits was carried out at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Patients entered into the study were to have surgery for evaluation of their disease status. The primary objective of this study was to determine the ability of a gamma-detecting probe (GDP), the Neoprobe 1000, to intraopertively localize sites of disease not identified by traditional surgical or radiographic evaluation. It was postulated that improved detection of cancer foci might allow for therapeutic excision or might result in an alteration of subsequent treatment. Ten patients were enrolled in the study between May 1993 and March 1994. Nine of the patients were undergoing second-look surgery after completing primary chemotherapy. The remaining patient was having surgery to assess possible cancer recurrence. All patients received an intravenous injection of 2 mCi/1 mg 125I-radiolabeled CC49 without complication. After a mean of 24.5 days, the patients' background radiation counts were deemed low enough for accurate intraoperative cancer localization, and surgery was performed. Any visibly or palpably abnormal areas were biopsied after being evaluated with the GDP. Any areas suspicious for malignancy by GDP evaluation were also biopsied. Two patients without evident disease by radiographic or surgical examination had histologically confirmed metastases localized by the GDP. Four patients had obvious disease at surgery which was variably confirmed by the GDP; two of these patients had baseline elevations in circulating TAG-72 antigen levels that may have affected binding of antibody to the tumor. This system of radioimmunoguided surgery was well tolerated and practical in its application, and it permitted disease detection that resulted in potentially beneficial changes in patient management.
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PMID:The intraoperative detection of ovarian adenocarcinoma using radiolabeled CC49 monoclonal antibody and a hand-held gamma-detecting probe. 1085 78

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to be of benefit for menopausal women, especially in prevention of coronary heart disease and osteoporotic fractures. Cancer fear is an important obstacle to use of ERT. From our literature review, there is a weak or no association between ERT and ovarian cancer risk. Individual risk of cancer should be considered before ERT use. The second issue in this review is ERT in patients with ovarian cancer. The majority of patients with ovarian cancer are postmenopausal or become menopausal after surgery. ERT is considered by many physicians to be contraindicated in patients with cancer. However, there is evidence that ERT in selected cancer patients may be of benefit for survival and quality of life. After weighing the evidence from studies on ERT in patients with ovarian, breast or endometrial cancer, we propose the use of ERT in selected ovarian cancer patients who are suffering from or are at a high risk of debilitating menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and coronary heart disease. The benefit of ERT to selected patient's health and quality of life appears to outweigh the risk of cancer recurrence.
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PMID:Estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer. 1105 80

Clinical oncologists have always shown great interest in circulating tumor markers. There are several markers that in the clinical routine are a signal of particular tumor types; some of them are strictly tissue-specific such as prostatic specific antigen (PSA) for prostatic cancer, AFP and HCG for germ cell tumors of the testis and ovary, others such as CA 15.3, CA125, CEA or cytokeratins are less specific since their elevations can be found in different varieties of cancers even if they are preferentially associated to a certain tumor type, thus are considered markers for breast, ovarian cancer and colon adenocarcinoma. The most useful clinical applications of these parameters is their determination during the follow-up of the treated patients, in order to detect the tumor recurrence early, and also to evaluate the evolution of the disease by monitoring the treatment responses. During follow-up, increasing levels of tumor markers can be observed even several months before the clinical demonstration of cancer recurrence. The association of tumor marker tests with imaging modalities can lead to several advantages: the first is to confirm the diagnosis of relapses, possibly before the appearence of the related clinical symptoms due to tumor growth; the second is to localize the sites of lesions, while tumor markers provide only a general indication of the existence of metastases; the third is to make possible a correct whole body restaging. In the assessment of cancer response tumor markers are often very reliable and their changes are faster than the morphological ones. Among all the imaging modalities, nuclear medicine plays an important role in detecting recurrences and metastatic localizations as it is able to investigate functional rather than morphological aspects of tumors, and provide different information in comparison to morphologic imaging. In addition, the scintigraphic techniques offer the possibility to evaluate treatment responses, confirming or not the information from biochemical changes. This review aims to show some examples (breast, prostate and ovarian cancer) in which the combination of nuclear medicine imaging modalities and tumor marker tests is proposed for clinical practice. The advantages and some critical aspects are discussed on the basis of the clinical findings and the most important clinical indications are described.
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PMID:Circulating tumor markers and nuclear medicine imaging modalities: breast, prostate and ovarian cancer. 1211 72

Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125 is a glycoprotein produced by the serous epithelium, found to be increased in ovarian cancer and currently used in the follow-up of patients with this malignancy and to evaluate the response to therapy. However, an increase in the blood levels of this tumor marker has been recently reported even in patients with congestive heart failure. We report a case of a woman in whom previously high levels of CA 125 were related to the presence of an ovarian cancer; after bilateral oophorectomy and chemotherapy, the CA 125 levels remained within the normal range for several years, until a new increase was recently detected, raising the suspicion of a cancer recurrence. Clinical evaluation, together with comprehensive laboratory assessment, allowed us to exclude a malignancy and to identify the presence of congestive heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction as being responsible for the abnormal CA 125 levels. The patient's clinical improvement following medical therapy was associated with a reduction in the serum levels of CA 125 to normal values. The clinical relevance of this finding is discussed.
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PMID:One biologic marker (carbohydrate antigen-CA 125), two different diseases (ovarian cancer and congestive heart failure): practical implications of monitoring CA 125 serum levels. A case report. 1455 4

A case of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer was referred to our clinic by the Oncology Department where she had been treated with chemotherapy for the breast cancer. The clinical aspects of this unique case and follow-up are presented. This is the first such serious case of primary oncogynaecological quadruplicity to be described in the literature. Forty-two months after the initial diagnosis, the patient is in good health with no signs of cancer recurrence.
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PMID:Oncogynaecological quadruplicity--case report. 1737 11

Ovarian cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy often develop acquired cisplatin resistance and, consequently, cancer recurrence. We have previously reported that annexin A11 is associated with cisplatin resistance and related to tumor recurrence in ovarian cancer patients. In this study, we used small interfering RNA to suppress annexin A11 expression in ovarian cancer cells followed by various in vitro assays. We showed that knockdown of annexin A11 expression reduced cell proliferation and colony formation ability of ovarian cancer cells. Epigenetic silencing of annexin A11 conferred cisplatin resistance to ovarian cancer cells. Through a comprehensive time course study of cisplatin response in ovarian cancer cells with/without suppression of annexin A11 expression using whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays, we identified a set of differentially expressed genes associated with annexin A11 expression and some patterns of gene expressions in response to cisplatin exposure. These identified genes/patterns were further validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis. Many of them such as HMOX1, TGFBI, LY6D, S100P, EIF4EBP2, DHRS2, and PCSK9 have been involved in apoptosis, cell cycling/proliferation, cell adhesion/migration, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. In addition, immunohistochemistry analyses indicated that annexin A11 immunointensity inversely correlated with HMOX1 immunoreactivity in 142 ovarian cancer patients. In contrast to annexin A11, HMOX1 immunoreactivity positively correlated with in vitro cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancers. Collectively, annexin A11 is directly involved in cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer. Manipulation of annexin A11 and its associated genes may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in human ovarian cancers.
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PMID:Suppression of annexin A11 in ovarian cancer: implications in chemoresistance. 1948 49


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