Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C1140680 (ovarian cancer)
 28,141 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nonpregnant/nonlactating women who do not menstruate for at least 6 months have secondary amenorrhea. Stress can induce it. Physical changes can also cause it. Oral contraceptives and other drugs can also bring about secondary amenorrhea. Genital tuberculosis (TB) destroys the endometrium thereby causing secondary amenorrhea. Physicians should initiate antibiotic treatment in women with TB. Further, high levels of prolactin stimulated by an overactive anterior pituitary gland or by a pituitary tumor can produce secondary amenorrhea. Physicians should routinely ask these women if they have hot flashes. These may indicate early climacteric indicated by high levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Prognosis for a return to menstruation is poor if it is indeed responsible. Further, they should also note changes in hair growth. Any such changes may mean an ovarian tumor, polycystic ovaries, or adrenal disease. If adrenal disease is the cause, the level of serum prolactin should be determined. If a high level of prolactin is found, an X-ray should be taken of the pituitary fossa. If it reveals that the clinoid process had eroded or the floor has doubled, a pituitary tumor may exist. If ovarian cancer is responsible, physicians should begin thyroxine treatment. They should prescribe bromocryptine if a pituitary tumor does not exist yet hyperprolactinemia does. Menstruation should return in about 6 weeks. Low or normal levels of FSH and/or LH may indicate that the hypothalamus does secrete gonadotropic releasing factor. Then physicians should administer clomiphene. Menstruation should return in 1-3 months. Women should continue taking clomiphene until they conceive or withdraw from treatment. Physicians should routinely conduct a examination between treatment courses because enlarged ovaries occur in 7% of the treatment cycles. If clomiphene fails, physicians may try gonadotropin treatment. Some surgical procedures may also treat secondary amenorrhea when other treatment fails.
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PMID:Modern management of secondary amenorrhoea. 1228 31