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Query: UMLS:C0948265 (metabolic syndrome)
 24,271 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum total calcium concentrations (CaT) were increased, ionized calcium concentrations (CaI) normal, and the CaI/CaT ratios decreased in 125 geriatric diabetics as compared with 379 non-diabetic controls. In the whole population of 558 consecutive geriatric inpatients, the CaI/CaT ratios were inversely correlated with body weight, diastolic blood pressure and plasma glucose. The findings and calculations help to explain some inconsistencies and discrepancies in previous studies concerning calcaemia in diabetes, hypertension and the 'metabolic syndrome' of clustered risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. They also demonstrate that CaT and the 'correction' of CaT for serum albumin concentration can be biased in diabetes and other conditions closely associated with cardiovascular risks. Increased serum free fatty acids could at least in part explain low ratios.
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PMID:Low serum ionized to total calcium ratio: association with geriatric diabetes mellitus and with other cardiovascular risk factors? 227 24

Data from a health screening survey with over 18,000 adult participants were used to determine the relations between serum calcium concentration and the cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia. Blood pressure and serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations were all positively related to each other independent of age, sex, kidney function, and obesity. Similar relations between the risk factors were found in subjects with hypertension or hyperglycaemia independent of the degree of overweight. These results suggested that there might be a metabolic syndrome of cardiovascular risk factors. Serum calcium concentration was positively related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures and serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Thus a common feature in the syndrome is an increased serum calcium concentration. The relations between serum calcium concentrations and the cardiovascular risk factors were not limited to the upper parts of the distribution, being seen over a wide range. Changes in calcium metabolism seem to be related to a metabolic syndrome of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperlipidaemia.
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PMID:Relation of serum calcium concentration to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. 314 67

We have compared the capillary density and muscle fiber type of musculus vastus lateralis with in vivo insulin action determined by the euglycemic clamp (M value) in 23 Caucasians and 41 Pima Indian nondiabetic men. M value was significantly correlated with capillary density (r = 0.63; P less than or equal to 0.0001), percent type I fibers (r = 0.29; P less than 0.02), and percent type 2B fibers (r = -0.38; P less than 0.003). Fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with capillary density (r = -0.46, P less than or equal to 0.0001; r = -0.47, P less than or equal to 0.0001, respectively). Waist circumference/thigh circumference ratio was correlated with percent type 1 fibers (r = -0.39; P less than 0.002). These results suggest that diffusion distance from capillary to muscle cells or some associated biochemical change, and fiber type, could play a role in determining in vivo insulin action. The association of muscle fiber type with body fat distribution may indicate that central obesity is only one aspect of a more generalized metabolic syndrome. The data may provide at least a partial explanation for the insulin resistance associated with obesity and for the altered kinetics of insulin action in the obese.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle capillary density and fiber type are possible determinants of in vivo insulin resistance in man. 330 99

Coincident pathological parameters were selected from 24 laboratory-diagnostic parameters of a second stage of diagnostics after x-rays screening concerning heart and vessel diseases tested by a check representative constellation in the shape of relative frequency was determined. For the parameters cholesterol, uric acid and glucose, belonging to the metabolic syndrome, it was possible to demonstrate relations to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The transaminases ASAT and ALAT especially showed correlations of pathological values among one another. There were found out one-sided relations for instance concerning the proportion of transaminases, thymol turbidity test as well as creatinine to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The connections as has been proved appeared in female cardiac patients in a more distinct way. The results, which were interpreted in the context of a further mathematic-statistical analysis, allow the conclusions for an efficient indicational application of clinical chemical research methods in chronic heart and vessel diseases in practice.
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PMID:[Correlation of pathologic laboratory values in patients with cardiovascular diseases--consequences for diagnosis in general practice]. 344 49

To investigate the metabolic effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome was evaluated before and after long-term therapy with this drug. The effects of suppression of pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian sex steroids were correlated with the response to an oral glucose load and with a serum lipid profile. Twenty of 25 women with polycystic ovary syndrome weighted more than 150% of their ideal body weight. None of the patients had fasting hyperglycemia. Fasting and peak serum insulin responses to glucose were abnormally high in most patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fasting serum insulin had a significant positive correlation with percent ideal body weight (r = .7, P less than .01). High density lipoprotein cholesterol was low in all patients studied, whereas total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were normal. Therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate did not affect body weight, glucose tolerance, or serum lipids. The correlations between serum testosterone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or insulin levels were not significant (P greater than .1). The authors conclude that medroxyprogesterone acetate does not affect the metabolic syndrome of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol that is commonly seen in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
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PMID:Abnormalities of fuel metabolism in the polycystic ovary syndrome. 621 33

Albeit physical exercise and training have been recommended as an integral part of diabetes therapy only limited data are available to prove such beneficial effects of physical exertion in normalizing the metabolism in diabetes. It is the purpose of this review to critically summarize studies concerning the effects of physical training in maturity-onset diabetes. Based upon available evidence in animal experimentation, i.e. in normal and fat ZUCKER rats, as well as on data in non-diabetic man, physical training is expected to increase peripheral insulin sensitivity; thus a decrease of insulin requirements might be achieved in the course of a physical training program. So far, however, the preliminary evidence of only two studies on the effect of training in maturity-onset diabetes has been presented: slight improvements of glucose tolerance and a considerable, but--at least in one study--short-lived decrease of circulating insulin levels have been described. These improvements have to be weighed against the possible hazards of physical training programs in maturity-onset diabetic patients who--as a group--have to be considered at high coronary risk. More and more detailed and prolonged studies, however, are urgently needed to document and to prove beyond any doubt the benefits of physical training in the metabolic syndrome of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Physical training as a part of the therapy for adult-onset diabetes. 675 75

The effect of treadmill training on intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity was investigated in Zucker rats (fafa). In 25-week-old fafa animals with the typical metabolic syndrome of massive obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance, treadmill exercise of only very mild intensity was carried out for 6 weeks. The training programme induced a marked reduction in basal and post-glucose challenge plasma insulin levels and a slight but significant improvement of intravenous glucose tolerance. No alteration in insulin sensitivity of the isolated perfused hindquarter was demonstrable. In another study a 9-week training programme was started in 7-week-old fafa rats before the development of their metabolic syndrome. In the sedentary control animals glucose intolerance and insulin resistance developed during the study period; in the training group, both the deterioration of glucose tolerance and the decrease of insulin sensitivity were prevented. This study demonstrates in fafa rats that (a) in young animals physical training may prevent a genetically predisposed deterioration of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and (b) in adult animals mild physical training may improve intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
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PMID:Treadmill training improves intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in fatty Zucker rats. 704 3

A large segment of the population gradually develops insulin resistance, and the related metabolic syndrome is one of the most frequent causes of atherosclerosis. Searching for a practical indicator of insulin resistance, we studied the correlations between fasting serum insulin level, the general manifestations of insulin resistance syndrome, and various aspects of coronary artery disease in 797 men and 322 women. After we classified patients according to the quartiles of serum insulin level, we noted in the top quartile the presence of practically all manifestations of insulin resistance syndrome in persons of both sexes (e.g., increased waist/hip ratio, body mass index, glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as well as apolipoprotein A-I/B ratios, and so forth). We also noted a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and type IV hyperlipidemia. Significantly more women in the fourth than in the first quartile had angiographically documented significant stenosis of the coronary arteries (p = 0.0016, odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.6) and previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.0297, odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.1). Men in both the first and the fourth quartile had a more disturbed lipid profile and a higher prevalence of significant stenoses of coronary arteries and/or previous myocardial infarction than women; there was a tendency toward a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption (p = 0.0503), a higher prevalence of gout (p = 0.0634), and previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.0791) in men in the fourth than in the first quartile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fasting hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance syndrome, and coronary artery disease in men and women. 748 1

Epidemiological studies have revealed that elevated fibrinogen concentrations are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, intermittent claudication, and cardiovascular mortality. The manner in which fibrinogen operates in atherogenesis has not yet been elucidated, but genetic control of fibrinogen levels is partially responsible. Fibrinogen frequently acts in concert with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, physical inactivity, and age, variables that are influenced by insulin action. Because the offspring of hypertensive men tend to be hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant from a young age, we hypothesized that their increased fibrinogen levels might reflect decreased insulin action and thus play a role in the metabolic syndrome. We chose 48 adult offspring (mean age, 38.4 years) of 30 fathers who had been treated for hypertension, and the former were matched by age, body mass index, sex, and smoking habits with 37 control subjects. Elevations in fibrinogen concentration (3.63 +/- 0.93 versus 2.87 +/- 0.54 g/L, P < .001) paralleled increases in blood glucose and insulin levels, estimates of insulin resistance, and blood pressure. In the offspring, in contrast to the control group, correlations between fibrinogen and metabolic-syndrome variables (ie, insulin, glucose, and waist and hip circumferences) were found. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, age and smoking habits were entered as variables in both study groups, but postload insulin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were entered as variables in the offspring group only. We propose that familial predisposition influences the relationship between insulin concentration and fibrinogen, an effect that may contribute to the clinical importance of the metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Increased fibrinogen levels in the offspring of hypertensive men. Relation with hyperinsulinemia and the metabolic syndrome. 748 47

The relationship between insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia on one hand and hypertension on the other hand has become apparent during the last few years. Insulin resistance, which may be genetically determined, is, according to our present understanding, the 'key player' in the metabolic syndrome. However, the pathophysiology of the combination of factors has not yet been fully elucidated. Early therapeutic intervention for insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension may prevent the clinical manifestation of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes. Preliminary results of an ongoing study investigating the effects of trandolapril or the diuretic combination of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene on serum glucose and insulin levels are presented.
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PMID:Hypertension and insulin resistance. Glycaemia and insulinaemia in overweight hypertensive patients. 751 73


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