Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0948265 (metabolic syndrome)
 24,271 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 3 cups of low fat milk or equivalent daily for most calorie levels [1]. Milk provides over 10% of the requirement for calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, protein, and carbohydrates for most people. Obtaining adequate intakes of calcium, potassium, and magnesium without milk in the diet requires effort. Milk has bioactive ingredients that may play unique roles in health. Benefits of dairy consumption are associated with reduced risk of low bone mass, stroke, metabolic syndrome, and some cancers. Concerns over milk consumption have focused on saturated fats historically. More research is needed to resolve potential concerns of milk consumption and risk of several disorders including ovarian cancer and soft tissue calcification.
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PMID:Role of dairy beverages in the diet. 2013 73

Hypovitaminosis D is suspected to be linked to several types of cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. This review explores the relationship of vitamin D to blood pressure and hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. The literature up to June 2009 was searched without language or time restrictions from MEDLINE and PubMed, and it was supplemented with references from included studies. Ten observational studies and nine randomized control trials concerned with the association between vitamin D and blood pressure were identified and analyzed. Of these, eight observational studies and three randomized control trials supported an inverse association between vitamin D and blood pressure. Current observational studies strongly support an inverse association between vitamin D and blood pressure, but this association has yet to be convincingly supported with randomized control trials. More research is needed to determine the amount of vitamin D supplementation or ultraviolet B irradiation needed to maintain optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and to lower high blood pressure and to determine who can benefit from vitamin D supplementation or ultraviolet B irradiation.
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PMID:Role of vitamin D in blood pressure homeostasis. 2164 32

Psoriasis is a skin disease typically presenting with sharply demarcated, inflammatory, erythematous plaques with characteristic silver-white scaling due to epidermal hyperproliferation and parakeratosis secondary to the inflammation. The name derives from pisigmaomicronrhoalpha (mange or scabies), and in ancient times the disease was confused with leprosy resulting in expulsion from society. Hence, both itching and social stigmatization are major problems affecting patients with psoriasis. Today, psoriasis is recognized as a genetically determined, autoimmune, T cell mediated systemic disease manifesting on the skin, nails and joints and associated with a number of co-morbidities. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies are antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and keratolytic. The extent and severity of disease (PASI), impairment of life quality (DLQI), and affected anatomic regions (inverse, palmoplantar, nails) as well as co-morbidities (arthritis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, depression) determine the therapy. In 80 % of cases psoriasis is mild or moderate and sufficiently treated with topical corticosteroids, vitamin D-analogues, and phototherapy. 20 % of patients suffer from severe psoriasis, necessitating systemic drugs such as acitretin, methotrexate, ciclosporin A or the newer biologic agents. Especially in severe psoriasis, psychological strain, co-morbidities, and medico-economic aspects must be taken into account.
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PMID:[Psoriasis]. 2033 15

Although metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in the general population, it is unknown whether similar associations exist in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated risk factors that can lead to low BMD values in hemodialysis patients with MS according to the diagnostic criteria set by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in this study. A total of 64 patients with MS undergoing hemodialysis and 60 hemodialysis patients who were matched in terms of age, gender, and hemodialysis duration without MS were enrolled in the study. BMD was measured at lumbar vertebra (LV) and femur neck (FN) by performing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). LV and/or FN-BMD results revealed that, of the hemodialysis patients with MS, 45% had osteoporosis and 48% had osteopenia. On the other hand, of the hemodialysis patients without MS, 42% had osteoporosis and 52% had osteopenia. Low BMD values were observed to be correlated negatively with age, hemodialysis period, and parathormone (PTH) both in the group with MS and in the group without MS. Height, weight, BMI, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, heparin, and vitamin D therapy and urea reduction ratio were not established to be correlated with BMD.
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PMID:Risk factors leading to reduced bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients with metabolic syndrome. 2044 86

The epidemiological profile of the HIV virus has undergone substantial modifications with advances in antiretroviral therapy. There has been a sharp decline in morbi-mortality levels of HIV-infected patients, which has resulted in higher survival rates. The HIV seropositive population is living longer and more exposed to chronic complications caused by the disease itself and the prolonged use of antiretrovirals. Initially, metabolic alterations were reported, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Subsequently, damage on bone metabolism was related. Vitamin D insufficiency has now reached epidemic proportions, even in healthy individuals living in the tropics. Recent data suggest the hypovitaminosis D association with metabolic syndrome, immune diseases, diabetes and hypertension. Little is known regarding the effects of HIV/Aids and its treatment on the metabolism of vitamin D. In HIV-positive patients, factors linked to the virus itself and the use of antiretrovirals may be added to the other causes of hypovitaminosis D.
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PMID:Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected individuals: one more risk factor for bone loss and cardiovascular disease? 2048 99

The increasing worldwide displacement from the natural outdoor environment of human beings to an indoor sedentary lifestyle, along with the recommendation to avoid any direct sun exposure because of the risk of skin cancer, has resulted in a global pandemic of vitamin D insufficiency. Traditionally, vitamin D has been associated primarily with bone health. However, it has become evident that adequate vitamin D status is important for optimal function of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Vitamin D insufficiency seems to predispose to hypertension, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and chronic vascular inflammation. The relationship between baseline vitamin D status, dose of vitamin D supplements, and cardiovascular events remains to be investigated by ongoing randomized trials; however increasing evidence suggests that the provision of a simple, well-tolerated, and inexpensive correction of vitamin D insufficiency favourably affects the morbility and mortality of cardiovascular disease along with the prevention of the most common chronic degenerative diseases.
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PMID:[Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular diseases]. 2059 17

Metabolic syndrome represents a clustering of risk factors related to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Occurrence of both metabolic syndrome and diabetes and their vascular complications share several pathogenetic features including subclinical, low-grade inflammation, altered oxidative/antioxidant status, and persistent platelet activation. Despite the availability of multiple interventions to counteract these metabolic changes, including appropriate diet, regular exercise, weight control and drugs, epidemiological data are witnessing the growing trend of the problem, reflecting both the multifactorial nature of these diseases as well as the scarce compliance of patients to established strategies. Several nutraceuticals used in clinical practice have been shown to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and their complications and to favorably modulate a number of biochemical and clinical endpoints. These compounds include antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamins C and E, flavonoids, vitamin D, conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals such as chromium and magnesium, alpha-lipoic acid, phytoestrogens, and dietary fibers. Several areas of concern exist regarding the use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals in this setting, including product standardization, definition of optimal dosing regimen, potential side effects, drug interactions, and need for evidence-based indications.
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PMID:Nutraceuticals in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 2063 24

The health of many women is affected in the climacteric period, either by symptoms that deteriorate their life quality (QL) or by chronic diseases that affect their life expectancy. Therefore, it is mandatory to evaluate these two aspects, having as core objectives for any eventual therapeutic intervention, the improvement of QL and the reduction of cardiovascular risk and fractures. To evaluate QL it is mandatory to follow structured interviews that weigh systematically climacteric symptoms such as the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). The paradigm of the metabolic syndrome constitutes a suitable frame to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Age, a low body weight, a history of fractures and steroid use are risk factors for fractures. A proper evaluation will allow the detection of patients with a low QL or a high risk for chronic disease, therefore identifying those women who require therapy. The clinical management should include recommendations to improve lifestyles, increase physical activity, avoidance of smoking and to follow a low calorie diet rich in vegetables and fruits. Hormonal therapy is the most efficient treatment to improve the QL and its risk is minimized when it is used in low doses or by the transdermal route. Tibolone is an alternative, especially useful in patients with mood disorders and sexual dysfunction. Vaginal estrogens are also a good option, when urogenital symptoms are the main complaint. Some antidepressants can be an effective therapy in patients with vasomotor symptoms who are not willing or cannot use estrogens. The effectiveness of any alternative therapy for menopausal symptoms has not been demonstrated. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance should be managed according to guidelines. Calcium and vitamin D have positive effects on bone density and certain tendency to reduce vertebral fractures. Bisphosphonates decrease the risk of vertebral fractures.
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PMID:[Official position of the Chilean Society of Climacteric on the management of climacteric women]. 2066 22

In addition to bone homeostasis, vitamin D is involved in the physiological functions of several tissues and its insufficiency may contribute to various disorders. Vitamin D status seems to be associated with each of the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as MetS overall. We review these associations as well as the effects of vitamin D supplementation on MetS.
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PMID:Vitamin D and metabolic syndrome: is there a link? 2081 71

Little is known regarding the vitamin D status of Canadian youth. Our objectives were (i) to describe the vitamin D status of Quebec youth using a representative sample; (ii) to examine the relative contributions of diet, physical activity, and fat mass to the variance in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D), the best biomarker of vitamin D status; and (iii) to examine the influence of household income and food insecurity on the intakes of dietary vitamin D, calcium, and dairy foods. To describe vitamin D status, we used data from the Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS), which is a cross-sectional survey representative of Quebec youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years. For the second objective, 159 youth, aged 8 to 11 years, whose parents (at least one) were obese or had the metabolic syndrome, were used for cross-sectional analysis in the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Fat mass was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and physical activity was assessed by an accelerometer. Finally, we analyzed data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), which collected data from 9 to 18 year olds (N = 8960), and was representative of Canadian youth. From this survey a single 24-h dietary recall, measured height and weight, sociodemographic, and food insecurity information were available. In both the QUALITY and QCAHS study, >90% of youth had suboptimal vitamin D levels (plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol L(-1)) at the end of winter and beginning of spring. In the QCAHS study, older youth had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol L(-1)) (>10%) than younger youth, and girls from low-income households had lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. In the QUALITY study, milk consumption and physical activity had modest associations with plasma 25(OH)D, corresponding to 2.9 nmol L(-1) and 2.1 nmol L(-1) higher plasma 25(OH)D per standard deviation increase in these exposures, respectively. In the CCHS study, we found evidence that milk intake was being displaced by sweetened beverages among low-income boys and food insecure girls. We conclude that population-wide measures to increase dietary vitamin D intake should be examined in Canadian youth.
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PMID:Vitamin D status and recommendations to improve vitamin D status in Canadian youth. 2096 29


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