Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0948265 (metabolic syndrome)
 24,271 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some experimental and clinical studies were done from the metabolic viewpoint to elucidate the characteristics of myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome. In experimental dogs with their femoral arteries ligated and two third of femoral muscles divided, aldolase and myoglobin showed remarkable increase without significant changes in electrolytes. Slight increase of GPT and GOT was observed. Amino acids showed elevation in urea, taurin, leucin, isoleucin, valine, threonine, 3-methylhistidine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine and anserin and decrease in glutamine, alanine, glycine, proline, carnosine, citrullin and arginine. In patients with acute arterial occlusion, potassium, GOT, LDH, CPK, lactate and pyruvate increased moderately and myoglobin showed remarkable increase and aldolase slight increase. Amino acids showed remarkable increase in 3-methylhistidine and beta-amino-isobutyric acid and moderate increase in phenylalanine and arginine. These results revealed that measurement of free amino acid concentration, especially that of methylhistidine as well as myoglobin, pyruvate, lactate and some other enzymes might be of great help to predict the prognosis of patients with acute arterial occlusion of the extremities.
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PMID:[Metabolic study on acute arterial occlusion of the extremities]. 667 89

L-histidine (HIS) is an essential amino acid with unique roles in proton buffering, metal ion chelation, scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, erythropoiesis, and the histaminergic system. Several HIS-rich proteins (e.g., haemoproteins, HIS-rich glycoproteins, histatins, HIS-rich calcium-binding protein, and filaggrin), HIS-containing dipeptides (particularly carnosine), and methyl- and sulphur-containing derivatives of HIS (3-methylhistidine, 1-methylhistidine, and ergothioneine) have specific functions. The unique chemical properties and physiological functions are the basis of the theoretical rationale to suggest HIS supplementation in a wide range of conditions. Several decades of experience have confirmed the effectiveness of HIS as a component of solutions used for organ preservation and myocardial protection in cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of HIS supplementation on neurological disorders, atopic dermatitis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, uraemic anaemia, ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, malignancies, and muscle performance during strenuous exercise. Signs of toxicity, mutagenic activity, and allergic reactions or peptic ulcers have not been reported, although HIS is a histamine precursor. Of concern should be findings of hepatic enlargement and increases in ammonia and glutamine and of decrease in branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) in blood plasma indicating that HIS supplementation is inappropriate in patients with liver disease.
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PMID:Histidine in Health and Disease: Metabolism, Physiological Importance, and Use as a Supplement. 3223 43

Interest in adipose tissue pathophysiology and biochemistry have expanded considerably in the past two decades due to the ever increasing and alarming rates of global obesity and its critical outcome defined as metabolic syndrome (MS). This obesity-linked systemic dysfunction generates high risk factors of developing perilous diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cancer. Amino acids could play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the MS onset. Focus of this study was to fully characterize amino acids metabolome modulations in visceral adipose tissues (VAT) from three adult cohorts: (i) obese patients (BMI 43-48) with metabolic syndrome (PO), (ii) obese subjects metabolically well (O), and (iii) non obese individuals (H). 128 metabolites identified as 20 protein amino acids, 85 related compounds and 13 dipeptides were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-/mass spectrometry GC/MS, in visceral fat samples from a total of 53 patients. Our analysis indicates a probable enhanced BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) degradation in both VAT from O and PO subjects, while levels of their oxidation products are increased. Also PO and O VAT samples were characterized by: elevated levels of kynurenine, a catabolic product of tryptophan and precursor of diabetogenic substances, a significant increase of cysteine sulfinic acid levels, a decrease of 1-methylhistidine, and an up regulating trend of 3-methylhistidine levels. We hope this profiling can aid in novel clinical strategies development against the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Free-amino acid metabolic profiling of visceral adipose tissue from obese subjects. 3275 25