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Query: UMLS:C0948265 (metabolic syndrome)
 24,271 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined whether the presence of an increasing number of metabolic syndrome "disorders" was associated with an increasing pulse wave velocity, which is recognized as a marker of cardiovascular risk, and evaluated whether an elevated plasma C-reactive protein level augments this increasing pulse wave velocity. Using a cross-sectional study design, C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome-related anthropometric parameters, and pulse wave velocity were measured in 5752 middle-aged Japanese men (44+/-10 years old). In linear regression analyses, all of the metabolic "disorders" and the logarithm of the C-reactive protein significantly correlated with pulse wave velocity. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, mean blood pressure, fasting glucose, and the logarithm of the C-reactive protein were significant independent positive predictors of pulse wave velocity (R-square=0.38). The presence of an increasing number of metabolic "disorders" in the subjects was associated with an increasing pulse wave velocity (no disorders 1228+/-139 cm/s > or =3 disorders 1437+/-250 cm/s; P<0.01). Among subjects with the metabolic syndrome, pulse wave velocity was higher in cases with (1508+/-278 cm/s) than in those without an elevated C-reactive protein (1427+/-243 cm/s; P<0.01). In conclusion, an increase in arterial stiffness may constitute a pathophysiological basis for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with the metabolic syndrome and that an elevated C-reactive protein level may aggravate this cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:Elevated C-reactive protein augments increased arterial stiffness in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. 1583 28

Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. Because serum markers of inflammation and the metabolic syndrome are also associated with atherosclerotic disease and insulin resistance, we investigated whether plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels were associated with serum markers of inflammation and factors of metabolic syndrome in 223 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The levels of plasma Hcy and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and C-peptide were measured. The C677T mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The number of abnormal metabolic factors (presence of diabetes, blood pressure > or =130/85 mm Hg, triglycerides > or =150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <35 mg/dL (men) or <39 mg/dL (women), or body mass index >25 kg/m 2 ) was assessed. Elevated plasma Hcy levels correlated significantly with serum IL-6 ( r = 0.25, P < .001), C-peptide ( r = 0.22, P < .01), and the number of abnormal metabolic factors ( r = 0.20, P < .01), but not with C-reactive protein. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that log-transformed IL-6, serum C-peptide, vitamin B12 , and creatinine were significant determinants of plasma Hcy levels. The correlation between Hcy and IL-6 levels was strongest in those with TT genotype of C677T MTHFR among 3 genotypes. The association between plasma Hcy and serum IL-6 levels supports the hypothesis that the activation of innate immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus who are homozygous for the TT genotype of C677T MTHFR.
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PMID:Association of plasma homocysteine with serum interleukin-6 and C-peptide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. 1593 19

Interrelationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and metabolic syndrome (MS) was evaluated in a community-based cohort of 9773 Koreans aged 40-69 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined by criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. CRP was measured by validated high-sensitivity assay. The median CRP level was 1.4 mg/1, and significantly increased as the number of components of MS increased (P trend <0.001). CRP levels were significantly but marginally correlated with waist circumference (r=0.18), triglyceride (r=0.14), blood pressure (r=0.11), HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.10), and fasting glucose (r=0.09) (all P values<0.01). Odds ratios of the highest quartile of CRP for each component of MS; i.e., waist circumference, triglyceride, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol were 2.36, 1.79, 1.70, 1.32 and 1.28, respectively. The highest quartile of CRP was independently associated with 1.72-fold increased risk of MS in our logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and smoking. This study demonstrated that CRP is a strong associating factor of MS in Korean population. We recommend further evaluation of CRP levels in the other Asian ethnic groups to establish biological plausibility as the risk factor for MS in all ethnic groups.
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PMID:C-reactive protein level as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome in the Korean population. CRP as risk factor of metabolic syndrome. 1595 Mar 9

To investigate the association between fasting glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP), we examined 1715 Japanese individuals (723 men and 992 women) aged 40-69 years who did not have medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, a history of cardiovascular disease or CRP levels>10mg/l. There was a statistically significant unadjusted correlation between CRP and each component of the metabolic syndrome, including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (negative), and triglycerides in both men and women. With adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and other components of the metabolic syndrome, the CRP increments (as back-transformed) compared with the lowest tertile of normal fasting glucose were 0.99, 1.05, 1.21, and 1.34mg/l (P for trend=0.008) with the second lowest and highest tertiles of normal fasting glucose, impaired fasting glucose, and type-2 diabetes, respectively in men. The respective adjusted CRP increments were 1.12, 1.23, 1.33, and 1.93mg/l (P for trend<0.001) in women. In the stratified analyses of CRP levels by sex, obesity status, and fasting glucose category or the number of components of the metabolic syndrome, an increase in CRP levels was greater in women than men with obesity and higher fasting glucose category (gender interaction: P<0.001) or an increased number of components of the metabolic syndrome (gender interaction: P=0.003). These results indicate that CRP levels increase continuously across the spectrum of fasting glucose in both sexes. This association is more pronounced in women.
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PMID:Association between fasting glucose and C-reactive protein in a Japanese population: the Minoh study. 1595 91

The associations of inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen) with anthropometric and metabolic variables were examined in a sample of 112 postmenopausal women not receiving hormone therapy. Body fat distribution was measured by computed tomography, and insulin sensitivity was determined by an euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. hs-CRP (0.10 < or = r(2) < or =0.37) and IL-6 (0.06 < or = r(2) < or =0.31) were significantly associated with anthropometric and metabolic variables, including visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity (p <0.05). Women with greater hs-CRP concentrations showed deterioration in their metabolic risk profiles, including abdominal obesity, greater triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations, and lower insulin sensitivity compared with women with lower hs-CRP levels. Fifty-nine percent of women with high hs-CRP concentrations had the metabolic syndrome as recently defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. After adjustment for visceral adipose tissue, most of the differences in the plasma lipid-lipoprotein profile were eliminated between women with high hs-CRP levels and women with low hs-CRP levels, whereas some differences in blood pressure variables, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and fibrinogen) remained significant. In conclusion, these results suggest that increased visceral adipose tissue levels appear to be a determinant covariable of the association between high hs-CRP concentrations and alteration in the metabolic profile.
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PMID:Relation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen to abdominal adipose tissue, blood pressure, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels in healthy postmenopausal women. 1597 42

C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Few studies have evaluated the importance of CRP in those with the cluster of cardiovascular risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome (MS). We studied 190 overweight subjects (83 men and 107 women), aged 25-75 years, screened for glucose intolerance, in order to assess whether CRP levels vary according to the presence of MS, and to examine the relationship between CRP levels and metabolic variables. The prevalence of the Adult Treatment Panel III MS was 36.8%. Subjects with the MS had a higher degree of insulin resistance (IR), measured by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method (5.4+/-0.4 versus 3.6+/-0.3, p<0.001) and higher frequency of glucose intolerance (78.3% versus 44.4%, p<0.001) than those without the MS. CRP values were increased among those with the MS (4.85+/-0.47 mg/l versus 3.34+/-0.36 mg/l, p<0.05). CRP correlated with waist circumference (r=0.28, p<0.001) and body mass index (r=0.38, p<0.001) in both men and women; however the relationship of CRP with HOMA(IR) was only evident in men (r=0.37, p<0.01) while the association with free fatty acids (FFA) was only significant in women (r=0.20, p<0.05), even after adjusting for age, hispanic ethnicity and glucose tolerance status. Abdominal obesity (elevated waist circumference) was the single most important MS component associated with increased CRP levels (>3mg/dl) (OR=3.1, 95% C.I.: 1.4-10.1), followed by female gender and smoking. These results confirm that CRP levels are elevated in MS subjects at risk for glucose intolerance. In addition waist circumference, HOMA(IR) and FFA levels are associated with CRP levels, suggesting potential roles of obesity, insulin resistance and lipolysis in the development of the subclinical inflammation associated with the MS.
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PMID:C-reactive protein is elevated in obese patients with the metabolic syndrome. 1600 76

The high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is known to be a sensitive predictor of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated the association between the serum hsCRP and the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Two hundred and sixty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. All the subjects underwent measurement of MS and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The serum hsCRP concentrations and the 24 h urine albumin excretion amounts were measured. Ophthalmoscope examinations and nerve conduction velocity tests were performed to evaluate microvascular complications. The hsCRP was significantly higher in the patients with MS than in those without (p=0.019). The serum hsCRP was significantly correlated with all the components of MS. There were no differences between the serum hsCRP levels of those with and without retinopathy and neuropathy. The serum hsCRP was correlated with the 24 h urine albumin excretion amount. Serum hsCRP level has a significant correlation with MS and might be used as the future criteria of MS. Among microvascular complications, only diabetic nephropathy is associated with the serum hsCRP level. It suggests that the inflammatory process plays a role in nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Relationship of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein to metabolic syndrome and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. 1600 64

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), defined as the combination of oligoanovulation and hyperandrogenism, affects more than 5% of women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia appear to play an important role in its pathogenesis. Here, we will present a characterization of a PCOS cohort from North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. Clinical features, family history as well as endocrine and metabolic parameters were prospectively recorded from 200 successive patients. All patients were evaluated for insulin resistance and beta-cell-function by oral glucose tolerance test. Patient data were compared with those of 98 age-matched control women. PCOS patients showed significantly higher BMI, body fat mass and androgen levels as well as impaired glucose and insulin metabolism. A positive family history of PCOS and diabetes was more frequent in PCOS patients. Insulin resistance (71%) was the most common metabolic abnormality in PCOS patients followed by obesity (52%) and dyslipidemia (46.3%), with an incidence of 31.5% for the metabolic syndrome. C-reactive protein and other cardiovascular risk factors were frequently elevated even in young PCOS patients. While the clinical characteristics and endocrine parameters of this German PCOS cohort were heterogeneous, they were comparable to those from other Caucasian populations.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical characterization of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in North Rhine-Westphalia. 1603 17

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is known to increase risks for cardiovascular disease. Risks for cardiovascular disease also increase with aging. The aim of the study was to describe prevalence and correlates of MS in older adults. Patients aged 65 years and over without any acute illness that were referred to our geriatrics unite for comprehensive geriatric assessment were included in this cross-sectional study. MS was defined by using the WHO and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definitions. The correlates were age, gender, low-grade inflammation as assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, high-homocysteine, total and LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein-a (Lip-a), apolipoprotein-A (Apo-A), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), nutrition point, coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular event history. Total 1255 patients, 789 (62.9%) females, 466 (37.1%) males with a mean age of 71.8+/-6.3 years were included in our study. MS prevalence was 16.2% with WHO definition and 23.8% with NCEP definition. Prevalence of CAD in MS and non-metabolic syndrome (non-MS) patients was 38.4% versus 29.5% (p=0.010) in WHO and 35.3% versus 29.6% (p=0.066) in NCEP group, respectively. Prevalence of cerebrovascular event history was 11.3% versus 6.2% in WHO (p=0.008) and 9.9% versus 6.1% (p=0.026) in NCEP group, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent association of variables with the MS. Female sex, high-homocysteine, low-grade inflammation, CAD and cerebrovascular event history was found to be associated with both modified WHO and NCEP MS groups in the multivariate analysis. This study has shown that MS is common in elderly patients with strongly related to CAD and cerebrovascular events. Low grade inflammation as assessed by CRP and high-homocysteine level is strongly related to MS.
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PMID:Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome (MS) in older adults. 1604 42

There are no prospective data on the effect of a multitargeted treatment approach on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Furthermore, the optimal hypolipidemic drug treatment in these patients remains controversial. In this prospective, randomized, open-label, intention-to-treat, and parallel study, 300 nondiabetic patients with MetS, free of CVD at baseline, were studied for a period of 12 months. Age- and sex-matched subjects without MetS (n = 100) acted as controls. All patients received lifestyle advice and a stepwise-implemented drug treatment of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, and obesity. For hypolipidemic treatment, the patients were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups: atorvastatin (n = 100, 20 mg/d), micronized fenofibrate (n = 100, 200 mg/d), and both drugs (n = 100). Clinical and laboratory parameters, including the lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP), were assessed at the baseline and at the end of the study. The primary end point was the proportion of patients not having MetS or its component features at the end of the 12-month treatment period. The secondary end points were the difference in 10-year CVD risk (Prospective Cardiovascular Munster risk calculator) and the degree of CRP reduction. By the end of the study, 76% of the patients no longer had MetS, and 46% had only one diagnostic MetS factor. The estimated 10-year (Prospective Cardiovascular Munster) risk of all patients with MetS at baseline was 14.6%. This was reduced in the atorvastatin group to 6.4%, in the fenofibrate group to 9.2%, and in the combination group to 5.5% (P < .0001 for all vs baseline). The 10-year risks of the atorvastatin and combination groups were not different from that of the control group (5.0%). C-reactive protein was significantly reduced in all treatment groups, with the atorvastatin and combination groups having the greatest reduction (65% and 68%, respectively, P < .01 vs the fenofibrate group, 44%). Lipid values were significantly improved in all 3 treatment groups, with those on the combined treatment attaining lipid targets to a greater extent than those in the other 2 groups. A target-driven and intensified intervention aimed at multiple risk factors in nondiabetic patients with MetS substantially offsets its component factors and significantly reduces the estimated CVD risk. The atorvastatin-fenofibrate combination had the most beneficial effect on all lipid parameters and significantly improved their CVD risk status. Atorvastatin and combination treatment were more effective than fenofibrate alone in reducing CRP levels.
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PMID:Targeting vascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome but without diabetes. 1609 57


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