Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0948265 (metabolic syndrome)
 24,271 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stevioside, a glycoside present in the leaves of the plant, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (SrB), has acute insulinotropic effects in vitro. Its potential antihyperglycemic and blood pressure-lowering effects were examined in a long-term study in the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. Rats were fed 0.025 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) of stevioside (purity > 99.6%) for 6 weeks. An intra-arterial catheter was inserted into the rats after 5 weeks, and conscious rats were subjected to arterial glucose tolerance test (2.0 g x kg(-1)) during week 6. Stevioside had an antihyperglycemic effect (incremental area under the glucose response curve [IAUC]): 985 +/- 20 (stevioside) versus 1,575 +/- 21 (control) mmol/L x 180 minutes, (P <.05), it enhanced the first-phase insulin response (IAUC: 343 +/- 33 [stevioside] v 136 +/- 24 [control] microU/mL insulin x 30 minutes, P <.05) and concomitantly suppressed the glucagon levels (total AUC: 2,026 +/- 234 [stevioside] v 3,535 +/- 282 [control] pg/mL x 180 minutes, P <.05). In addition, stevioside caused a pronounced suppression of both the systolic (135 +/- 2 v 153 +/- 5 mm Hg; P <.001) and the diastolic blood pressure (74 +/- 1 v 83 +/- 1 mm Hg; P <.001). Bolus injections of stevioside (0.025 g x kg(-1)) did not induce hypoglycemia. Stevioside augmented the insulin content in the beta-cell line, INS-1. Stevioside may increase the insulin secretion, in part, by induction of genes involved in glycolysis. It may also improve the nutrient-sensing mechanisms, increase cytosolic long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA), and downregulate phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) estimated by the microarray gene chip technology. In conclusion, stevioside enjoys a dual positive effect by acting as an antihyperglycemic and a blood pressure-lowering substance; effects that may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Antihyperglycemic and blood pressure-reducing effects of stevioside in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. 1264 78

The past decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity. Comorbidities of obesity include type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and lipid abnormalities, all of which contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are associated with endothelial dysfunction. These abnormalities frequently cluster in individuals, and the term metabolic syndrome is now widely used to define this cluster. The syndrome is frequently (although not invariably) associated with insulin resistance and CVD. Diabetes is associated with CVD, which may be asymptomatic in some cases, particularly when associated with autonomic neuropathy. This has implications for guidelines on the evaluation of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and CVD. Treatment of ED in men with diabetes has been revolutionized by the introduction of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. However, men with diabetes tend to respond less positively to these agents, at least as currently prescribed. This decreased responsiveness may be related to the severity of endothelial function in patients with diabetes. Additional therapeutic strategies may be needed to overcome this problem.
 ...
PMID:Endothelial and erectile dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome: common pathways and treatments? 1638 60

Hypogonadism may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED). A threshold level of testosterone may be necessary for normal erectile function. Testosterone replacement therapy is indicated in hypogonadal patients and is beneficial in patients with ED and hypogonadism. Monotherapy with testosterone for ED is of limited effectiveness and may be most promising in young patients with hypogonadism and without vascular risk factors for ED. A number of laboratory and human studies have shown the combination of testosterone and other ED treatments, such as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, to be beneficial in patients with ED and hypogonadism, who fail PDE5 inhibitor therapy alone. There is increasing evidence that combination therapy is effective in treating the symptoms of ED in patients for whom treatment failed with testosterone or PDE5 inhibitors alone. Testosterone replacement therapy has potentially evolved from a monotherapy for ED in cases of low testosterone, to a combination therapy with PDE5 inhibitors. Screening for hypogonadism may be useful in men with ED who fail prior PDE5 inhibitors, especially in populations at risk for hypogonadism such as type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
 ...
PMID:The evolving role of testosterone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. 1693 38

Endocrine disease frequently interrupts sexual function, and sexual dysfunction may signal serious endocrine disease. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy and endothelial dysfunction impair erectile function, and phosphodiesterase inhibition produces only moderate benefit. The effect of diabetes on women's sexual function is complex: the most consistent finding is a correlation between sexual dysfunction and depression. Reductions in testosterone level in men are associated with low sexual desire and reduced nocturnal erections and ejaculate volume, all of which improve with testosterone supplementation. The age-dependent decline in testosterone production in men is not associated with precise sexual symptoms, and supplementation has not been shown to produce sexual benefit. In women, sexual dysfunction has not been associated with serum testosterone, but this may be confounded by limitations of assays at low concentrations and by the greater importance of intracellular production of testosterone in women than in men. Testosterone supplementation after menopause does improve some aspects of sexual function in women, but long-term outcome data are needed. More research on the sexual effects of abnormal adrenal and thyroid function, hyperprolactinaemia, and metabolic syndrome should also be prioritised. We have good data on local management of the genital consequences of oestrogen lack, but need to better understand the potential role of systemic oestrogen supplementation from menopause onwards in sexually symptomatic women.
 ...
PMID:Sexual dysfunction in men and women with endocrine disorders. 1744 19

Since activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase has been shown to exert protective effects against the metabolic syndrome, while endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice develop hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance, we hypothesised that endothelial nitric oxide might play a protective role against induction of diabetes. The role of endothelial nitric oxide in the development of chemically-induced diabetes has been determined using mice in which the bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide was either increased, through upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, or absent, through deletion of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally with either a single dose of alloxan, streptozotocin, or multiple low doses of streptozotocin and blood glucose monitored twice a week. The role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate was investigated in wildtype mice by treatment with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, tadalafil, during diabetes induction. Results showed that the incidence of diabetes was markedly decreased in mice overexpressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase, compared to wildtype or endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice, regardless of the method of diabetes induction. Under normal physiological conditions, or during diabetes induction with alloxan or multiple low doses of streptozotocin, blood glucose was significantly lower in mice overexpressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase compared to wildtype or knockout mice. Treatment with tadalafil had no effect on the incidence or severity of diabetes in wildtype mice. We conclude that upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase exerts a protective action against diabetes induction through a direct effect of nitric oxide, independently of cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of endothelial nitric oxide synthase against induction of chemically-induced diabetes in mice. 1765 82

The aim of the trial was assessment of efficacy of combined therapy with testosterone drug (androgel) and wardenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and metabolic syndrome (MS). The trial included 16 males with organic ED, laboratory and clinical symptoms of hypogonadism and MS (mean age 63.8 +/- 8.4) who had failed monotherapy with phosphodiesterase of type 5 (FDE-5). Both routine methods and special methods of ED and MS diagnosis with application of International Index of Erectile Function were used in examination. MS was diagnosed according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Educational Program. Wardenafil was given in a dose 20 mg 1 hour before coitus, but not less than 4 tablets a month. Androgel applications were given in a daily dose 50 mg. The treatment lasted for 3 months. The combined treatment significantly reduced body mass index, waist circumference, improved erectile function and libido. Erectile function normalized in 3 (18.75%) patients. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism improved, the levels of total and free testosterone normalized. Elevation of sexual hormones concentration eliminated clinical hypogonadism symptoms in 68.75% patients. Thus, combined treatment with FDE-5 inhibitor wardenafil and testosterone drug androgel is effective, safe, improves erectile function, hormonal, lipid and carbohydrate blood profile and can be used in patients with MS, ED and hypogonadism.
 ...
PMID:[The role of testosterone drugs in combined therapy of erectile dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome]. 1791 51

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with modifiable risk factors. Obesity, physical inactivity, and the metabolic syndrome increase the incidence of ED and markers of low-grade inflammation, which in turn are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Intensive intervention with lifestyle advice focusing on a healthy diet, weight loss, and increased physical activity benefits men with ED, reducing the markers of inflammation and improving endothelial function. Though phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are highly effective in treating ED, lifestyle advice and aggressive risk reduction remain fundamental to the overall vascular good health of the individual.
 ...
PMID:The importance of risk factor reduction in erectile dysfunction. 1804 25

Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that can be evaluated by noninvasive methods and can be reduced by good clinical management. The present chapter examines the association between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, advanced renal failure, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. The mechanisms responsible for the structural and functional modifications of the arterial wall are also described. We deal with parameters related to arterial compliance, focusing on two of them, pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index, useful in rapid assessment of arterial compliance by the bedside. Data that highlight the role of aortic pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index as independent factors in predicting fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in different populations are briefly presented. A number of lifestyle changes and traditional antihypertensive agents that improve arterial compliance are finally discussed. Novel therapies, such as statins, thiazolidindinediones, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and inhibitors or breakers of advanced glycation end product cross-links between colagen and elastin hold substantial promise.
 ...
PMID:Arterial elasticity in cardiovascular disease: focus on hypertension, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. 1823 Sep 56

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) is a positional candidate gene at chromosome 6q23 where we previously detected strong linkage with fasting-specific plasma insulin and obesity in Mexican Americans from the San Antonio Family Diabetes Study (SAFDS). We genotyped 106 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within ENPP1 in all 439 subjects from the linkage study, and measured association with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS)-related traits. Of 72 polymorphic SNPs, 24 were associated, using an additive model, with at least one of eight key metabolic traits. Three traits were associated with at least four SNPs. They were high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), leptin, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). HDL-C was associated with seven SNPs, of which the two most significant P values were 0.0068 and 0.0096. All SNPs and SNP combinations were analyzed for functional contribution to the traits using the Bayesian quantitative-trait nucleotide (BQTN) approach. With this SNP-prioritization analysis, HDL-C was the most strongly associated trait in a four-SNP model (P=0.00008). After accounting for multiple testing, we conclude that ENPP1 is not a major contributor to our previous linkage peak with MS-related traits in Mexican Americans. However, these results indicate that ENPP1 is a genetic determinant of these traits in this population, and are consistent with multiple positive association findings in independent studies in diverse human populations.
 ...
PMID:Association of genetic variation in ENPP1 with obesity-related phenotypes. 1846 50

Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) are common in aging men and can significantly affect quality of life. Men with bothersome LUTS/BPH often present with various other age-related conditions, including sexual dysfunction, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, which can complicate management decisions. Therefore, healthcare providers should be familiar with first-line treatment options for LUTS/BPH and their differing safety profiles, particularly with respect to cardiovascular and sexual function side effects. This article presents a review of first-line medical therapy options for managing aging men with LUTS/BPH and patient considerations when evaluating and selecting these therapies, with a focus on the clinical efficacy and cardiovascular and sexual function safety profiles of the uroselective alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonist alfuzosin 10 mg once daily. Alfuzosin improves LUTS, peak urinary flow rates, and disease-specific quality of life, reduces the long-term risk of overall BPH progression, and is well tolerated in aging men, with minimal vasodilatory and sexual function side effects, even in those with comorbidities. Alfuzosin is well tolerated when used in combination with antihypertensive medications and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The long-term clinical efficacy and good cardiovascular and sexual function safety profile of alfuzosin can contribute to an improved quality of life for aging men with LUTS/BPH.
 ...
PMID:Medical therapy options for aging men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: focus on alfuzosin 10 mg once daily. 1898 21


1 2 3 4 Next >>