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Query: UMLS:C0948265 (metabolic syndrome)
 24,271 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xanthoma and xanthelasma are typical symptoms of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism impairment. On the basis of their incidence and morphology, it is even possible to specify the impairment type. Hypercholesterolemia or certain liver dysfunctions are characterized by slow development of surface xanthelasmas usually located on mechanically stressed regions (e.g. eyelids). Tuberous and tendinous xanthomas are typical for familiar hypercholesterolemia and are common symptoms of homozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia. Small and quickly developing eruptive xanthomas are typical for mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (secondary hyperlipoproteinemia is typical for diabetes). Mechanism of accumulation of lipids in skin morphs is similar to the development of atheroma, especially when talking about the role of modified LDL and the way of accumulation of lipids in macrophages. The following factors are very important for etiopathogenesis of skin xanthomas development: mechanical stress of tissues, increased permeability of skin capillaries and reaction of proteoglycans in sparse connective tissue. Xanthomas and xanthelasmas are typical indicators of other complicating diseases as e.g. development of acute pancreatitis during hyperlipoproteinemic crisis, aggravation of insulin resistance, and decompensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The therapy focuses on adjustment of dietary regime (elimination of dietary fat and concentrated saccharides); no food and sufficient hydration via infusion of crystalloid solutions is indicated in cases of serious hyperlipoproteinemic crisis. In vital indication, it is possible to perform repeated plasmapheresis (or better continual plasmapheresis) that can correct even serious hyperlipoproteinemic crises within several hours. And what is more, continual plasmapheresis can significantly reduce the period when hyperlipoproteinemic crisis might induce acute necrotizing pancreatitis. In the long run, we require that patients strictly observe their dietary regime based on the type of hyperlipoproteinemia. As for medicamentous therapy, fibrates and atorvastatin (from statin family) are the preparations of choice. It is very important not to focus on symptoms, i.e. xanthoma or xanthelasma, but fully compensate lipid metabolism impairment or the disease that underlies hyperlipoproteinemia (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome). Unfortunately, it still can be seen that dermatologists, ophthalmologists or plastic surgeons remove extensive xanthelasmas, while the underlying cause is not approached diagnostically and therapeutically at all.
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PMID:[Internist's view on skin manifestations of hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients]. 1677 Oct 91

In recent years, the association between hyperlipidemia and the development of arteriosclerosis has been addressed in several studies. Rabbit models of hypertriglyceridemia (TGH) and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHT) have been developed at the authors' institute. TGH rabbits manifest pathology similar to that of humans with TGH, such as xanthoma, in addition to atherosclerosis of arterioles. Furthermore, PHT rabbits show visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance, with pathologic features similar to those of the metabolic syndrome assumed to be the cause of human ischemic heart disease. This study was designed to investigate the histopathologic features of TGH and PHT rabbits. TGH rabbits showed advanced aortic atherosclerosis, accompanied by intimal thickening of coronary and renal arteries, fatty liver changes, and xanthoma. PHT rabbits demonstrated aortic intimal thickening and hepatic fatty degeneration. The results of this study suggest that TGH and PHT rabbits are useful animal models for studying human hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome and the cardiovascular diseases that result from these conditions.
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PMID:Pathologic findings in rabbit models of hereditary hypertriglyceridemia and hereditary postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. 1900 73

Psoriasis is currently considered a multifactorial disease, which can coexist with many somatic and psychological disorders. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman referred to our department due to erythroderma with concomitant peculiar violaceous, polycyclic lesions most likely induced by medications. Past medical history revealed numerous systemic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, obesity, and depression. Additional examinations and consultations demonstrated dyslipidemia, xanthelasma, incomplete block of the right branch of His bundle, thyreocardiac syndrome, benign adrenal tumor, and delusions. Recently, psoriasis has been intensively studied. We present the case in which erythroderma was most likely triggered by acitretin combined with ceftriaxone. Treatment of many diseases and psychiatric disturbances coexisting with psoriasis is extremely difficult and requires cooperation of various specialists.
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PMID:Psoriatic erythroderma coexisting with erythema multiforme-like lesions induced by retinoids or retinoids combined with an antibiotic: case report. 2251 75

Certain cutaneous conditions have been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. In this novel review paper, the evidence linking various cutaneous phenomena (e.g. skin tags, acanthosis nigricans, ear lobe creases, and xanthelasma) and metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease is examined, and explanations for these associations are proposed.
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PMID:Cutaneous stigmata associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk. 2469 30