Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0948265 (metabolic syndrome)
 24,271 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gallstone disease is common: >700,000 cholecystectomies and costs of approximately 6.5 billion dollars annually in the U.S. The burden of disease is epidemic in American Indians (60-70%); a corresponding decrease occurs in Hispanics of mixed Indian origin. Ten to fifteen per cent of white adults in developed countries harbour gallstones. Frequency is further reduced in Black Americans, East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, cholesterol gallstones predominate; 15% are black pigment. East Asians develop brown pigment stones in bile ducts, associated with biliary infection or parasites, or in intrahepatic ducts (hepatolithiasis). Certain risk factors for gallstones are immutable: female gender, increasing age and ethnicity/family (genetic traits). Others are modifiable: obesity, the metabolic syndrome, rapid weight loss, certain diseases (cirrhosis, Crohn's disease) and gallbladder stasis (from spinal cord injury or drugs like somatostatin). The only established dietary risk is a high caloric intake. Protective factors include diets containing fibre, vegetable protein, nuts, calcium, vitamin C, coffee and alcohol, plus physical activity.
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PMID:Gallstone disease: Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. 1712 83

It has long been recognized the epidemiological association of psoriasis, especially the most severe forms, with several diseases that share a common pathogenic substrate involving TNF-alpha and different target organs (arthritis and Crohn's disease, for example), as well as an increased risk of coronary heart disease and occlusive cardiovascular disease. In the patient with severe psoriasis there is also an increased prevalence of obesity, dyslipemia, adult diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse and tobacco habit which contribute to the increased risk of mortality associated with atherosclerosis. Recently it has been identified the so-called metabolic syndrome, characterized by the association of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipemia, hypertension, insulin resistance with or without glucose intolerance and a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that in rheumatoid arthritis as well as in psoriasis, chronic inflammation has a pathogenic role in the metabolic syndrome and associated comorbidities, and its adequate treatment may contribute to revert it. The dermatologist should recognize the elements of the metabolic syndrome and propose the patient with psoriasis, in addition to the optimal dermatologic treatment, changes in life habits and appropriate drug therapy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbi-mortality.
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PMID:[Psoriasis, a systemic disease?]. 1766 29

Epidemiological studies have shown that, in psoriasis patients, associated disorders may occur more frequently than expected. Such comorbidities include psoriatic arthritis, psoriatic pustular diseases, Crohn disease, and signs of metabolic syndrome, which leads to atherosclerosis with coronary heart disease. Although the disorders represent separate entities, they appear to follow overlapping pathogenic pathways. Comorbidities often become clinically manifest years after onset of psoriasis and are frequently seen in severe disease. Persistent low-grade inflammation with secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor alpha) favors the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In addition, biochemical and immunologic observations point toward an inflammatory immune mechanism that uses tools of the innate defense armamentarium.
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PMID:Comorbidities in psoriasis. 1802 89

Epidemiologic data document not only a higher prevalence of joint involvement among psoriasis patients than previously thought, but also an association with numerous other diseases, including depression, smoking, alcoholism, Crohn's disease, and metabolic syndrome. The resulting increased cardiovascular mortality is of particular clinical importance, and its pathogenetic link as a complication of the psoriatic inflammation is well recognized. Thus, we need to re-invent the management of psoriasis: Dermatologists are not only the sentinel regarding the early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis, but also of metabolic complications such as dyslipidemia or diabetes. Moreover, they need to keep in mind interactions between (systemic) anti-psoriatic drugs and the co-medication of their patients as well as possible consequences of these co-medications on the course of psoriasis. To successfully accomplish this mission, a comprehensive management concept and ground-breaking research are urgently needed.
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PMID:[Co-morbidities in psoriasis vulgaris]. 1915 62

Psoriasis is a disease mediated by Th1 and Th17 cytokines that has different phenotypes (plaque, guttate, pustular, and erythrodermic type). Aside from the well known psoriatic arthritis, associated disorders may occur more frequently than expected, including Crohn's disease, anxiety/depression, and metabolic syndrome. This is based on a constellation of different factors, including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, and is a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. People with moderate to severe psoriasis have more risk for cardiac disease, presumably due to the inflammatory nature of psoriasis, causing inflammatory changes in coronary arteries. The strong association between psoriasis and obesity potentially makes psoriasis an important healthcare issue. Since cardiovascular risk factors are higher in psoriatic patients, dermatologists treating moderate to severe psoriasis should screen for their presence, thus approaching psoriasis as a potential multisystem disorder.
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PMID:Clinical aspects and comorbidities of psoriasis. 1966 31

Psoriasis has been associated with a number of behavioral and systemic comorbidities, including psoriatic arthritis, anxiety, depression, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, smoking, cardiovascular disease, alcoholism, Crohn's disease, lymphoma, and multiple sclerosis. Many of these conditions have a similar immunologic pathogeneses. Canadian and international studies have not only confirmed the presence of these comorbidities but also have demonstrated that patients with psoriasis have a significantly reduced life span. Given that patients with psoriasis are often unaware of their comorbidities, they should be screened for these conditions and treated if required by their dermatologist and/or primary care physician. It is important to keep in mind that the comorbidities and drugs used to treat them have an impact on the choice of antipsoriatic treatment. In addition, comorbidities often preclude the use of traditional systemic agents. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with preexisting comorbidities can be safely and effectively treated with biologic therapy. Furthermore, literature is evolving to suggest that better control of psoriasis might decrease cardiovascular mortality and prolong life.
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PMID:Psoriasis comorbidities. 1979 30

Heterocyclic indazole derivatives are claimed in patent WO2008138448 as inhibitors of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase 1 (SGK1) and drugs for the pharmacological treatment of SGK1-related diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy and insufficiency, arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, nephrosclerosis, nephritis, nephropathy, deranged electrolyte excretion, fibrosing and inflammatory disease (e.g., liver cirrhosis, lung fibrosis, rheumatism, arthrosis, Crohn s disease, chronic bronchitis, radiation fibrosis, sclerodermia, cystic fibrosis, scar formation and Alzheimer' disease), tumor growth, peptic ulcers and some disorders hitherto not conclusively shown to involve SGK1. Most of the claims are supported by the literature. SGK1 is ubiquitously expressed and its expression is stimulated by hyperglycemia, cell shrinkage, ischemia, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and several inflammatory mediators including TGF-ss. SGK1 is activated by insulin and growth factors via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway. SGK1 regulates ion channels (including ENaC, KCNE1/KCNQ1), carriers (including NCC, NHE3, SGLT1), Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, enzymes (including glycogen-synthase-kinase-3) and transcription factors (including FOXO3a, ss-catenin, NF-kappaB). A gain-of-function SGK1 gene variant, carried by approximately 3 - 5% of Caucasians and approximately 10% of Africans, is associated with increased blood pressure, obesity and type 2 diabetes. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested a critical role of SGK1 in renal fluid retention and hypertension, glucose-induced obesity, coagulation and increased matrix protein formation.
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PMID:Heterocyclic indazole derivatives as SGK1 inhibitors, WO2008138448. 2002 Dec 89

Epidemiological studies indicate an increased risk of co-morbidities and an association with other inflammatory diseases in psoriasis. However, most analyses have been performed on small samples of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of co-morbidities in psoriasis based on a large set of health insurance data. The database of 1.3 million patients in a German nationwide statutory health insurance scheme was analysed. Data-sets of patients with confirmed psoriasis were extracted and analysed for co-morbidities. Of 1,344,071 subjects, 33,981 had a diagnosis of psoriasis (prevalence 2.5%). Metabolic syndrome was 2.9-fold more frequent among these patients. The most common diagnoses were arterial hypertension (35.6% in psoriasis vs. 20.6% in controls) and hyperlipidaemia (29.9% vs. 17.1%). The frequencies of rheumatoid arthritis (prevalence ratio (PR) 3.8), Crohn's disease (PR 2.1) and ulcerative colitis (PR 2.0) were also increased among patients with psoriasis. In conclusion, psoriasis is associated with significant co-morbidities that imply an elevated risk of severe complications.
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PMID:Co-morbidity and age-related prevalence of psoriasis: Analysis of health insurance data in Germany. 2016 97

Gallstones are common with prevalences as high as 60% to 70% in American Indians and 10% to 15% in white adults of developed countries. Ethnic differences abound with a reduced frequency in black Americans and those from East Asia, while being rare in sub-Saharan Africa. Certain risk factors for gallstones are immutable: female gender, increasing age, and ethnicity/family (genetic traits). Others are modifiable: obesity, the metabolic syndrome, rapid weight loss, certain diseases (cirrhosis and Crohn disease), gallbladder stasis (from spinal cord injury or drugs, such as somatostatin), and lifestyle.
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PMID:Epidemiology of gallstones. 2047 80

Psoriasis is primarily a chronic inflammatory skin disease burdened by some comorbidities including psoriatic alopecia, arthropathies, Crohn's disease, the metabolic syndrome and some cardiovascular involvement. During the past years, several biologicals corresponding to monoclonal antibodies were offered to treat psoriasis refractory to other potent conventional treatments. We review the effects of biologicals, in particular adalimumab (Humira), on psoriatic comorbidities.
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PMID:[How I treat....psoriasis comorbidities by adalimumab (Humira) anti-TNFalpha]. 2112 58


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