Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0920652 (skin irritant)
 188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Palytoxon, which is a toxin with a molecular weight of 2681 daltons isolated from a marine coelenterate, is a potent skin irritant. However, it did not induce ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin, or adhesion of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). Moreover, it did not inhibit the specific binding of [3H]12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to a mouse skin particulate fraction or activate protein kinase C isolated from mouse brain in vitro. Since palytoxin showed strong irritation on mouse ear in one short-term screening test for a promoter, it was examined in a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment. The incidence of tumors in a group of mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene plus palytoxin was 62.5% in week 25. These tumors were identified histologically as seven papillomas and one carcinoma. This paper reports the potent tumor-promoting activity of palytoxin, which is classified as a non-TPA-type tumor promoter.
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PMID:Palytoxin is a non-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate type tumor promoter in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. 287 Aug 23

Okadaic acid is a polyether compound of a C38 fatty acid, isolated from a black sponge, Halichondria okadai. Previous studies showed that okadaic acid is a skin irritant and induces ornithine decarboxylase (OrnDCase; 3-hydroxyl-L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) in mouse skin 4 hr after its application to the skin. This induction was strongly inhibited by pretreatment of the skin with 13-cis-retinoic acid. A two-stage carcinogenesis experiment in mouse skin initiated by a single application of 100 micrograms of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and followed by application of 10 micrograms of okadaic acid twice a week revealed that okadaic acid is a potent additional tumor promoter: tumors developed in 93% of the mice treated with DMBA and okadaic acid by week 16. In contrast, tumors were found in only one mouse each in the groups treated with DMBA alone or okadaic acid alone. An average of 2.6 tumors per mouse was found in week 30 in the group treated with DMBA and okadaic acid. Unlike phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (TPA), teleocidin, and aplysiatoxin, okadaic acid did not inhibit the specific binding of [3H]TPA to a mouse skin particulate fraction when added up to 100 microM or activate calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) in vitro when added up to 1.2 microM. Therefore, the actions of okadaic acid and phorbol ester may be mediated in different ways. These results show that okadaic acid is a non-TPA-type tumor promoter in mouse skin carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Okadaic acid: an additional non-phorbol-12-tetradecanoate-13-acetate-type tumor promoter. 312 94

Dinophysistoxin-1, 35-methylokadaic acid, is a causative agent of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The biological activities and tumor-promoting activity of dinophysistoxin-1 were studied together with those of okadaic acid and 7-O-palmitoyl okadaic acid. Dinophysistoxin-1 is a skin irritant and induces ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin with the same potency as okadaic acid. 7-O-Palmitoyl okadaic acid induced a lower activity than the other compounds. Dinophysistoxin-1 inhibited the specific [3H]okadaic acid binding to a particulate fraction of mouse epidermis. The binding affinities of dinophysistoxin-1 and okadaic acid to a particulate fraction were almost the same. Dinophysistoxin-1 showed a tumor-promoting activity as strong as that of okadaic acid in a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment on mouse skin. The percentages of tumor-bearing mice in the groups treated with 100 micrograms of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) followed by 5 micrograms of dinophysistoxin-1, twice a week, and with DMBA followed by 5 micrograms of okadaic acid twice a week were 86.7% and 80.0% in week 30, respectively. The average number of tumors per mouse was 4.6 in the former group and 3.9 in the latter. Dinophysistoxin-1 and okadaic acid act on cells through different pathways from the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-type tumor promoters.
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PMID:Diarrhetic shellfish toxin, dinophysistoxin-1, is a potent tumor promoter on mouse skin. 314 97

A strong skin irritant, lyngbyatoxin A, isolated from the marine blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula is structurally related to teleocidin. Since lyngbyatoxin A satisfied our short-term screening tests for possible tumor promoters, viz. irritation of mouse ear, induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in mouse skin, and adhesion of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment was carried out. Tumor incidences in the groups treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) plus lyngbyatoxin A and with DMBA plus 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were 86.7% and 93.3% in week 30, respectively. The average number of tumors per mouse was 3.7 in the former group and 10.5 in the latter group. This paper reports for the first time the potent tumor-promoting activity of lyngbyatoxin A and also the histological examination of tumors.
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PMID:A two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis study of lyngbyatoxin A. 643 Sep 9