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Query: UMLS:C0920652 (skin irritant)
 188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper reviews the recent development of the industrial processes in the construction, electronics and metal industries which are the predominant industries in developing countries. Common occupational irritants and allergens are presented. The information is essential for occupational dermatologists and physicians managing patients with occupational skin diseases. In the construction industry, the prefabrication construction methods are now widely used. The commonest irritant is cement and the allergens are chromate, rubber chemicals and epoxy resins. In the electronics industry, the commonest irritants include soldering flux, solvent and fibreglass, and allergens include resins and metals, rubber chemicals and amines and colophony. Cutting fluid is the commonest occupational irritant in the metal industry. Biocides and metals in The electro-discharge machining process now widely used in the metal industry for precision engineering uses the electrodischarge machining fluids (EDM fluids) which are a strong skin irritant. Preventive measures including health education are most effective against occupational dermatitis.
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PMID:Common industrial processes and occupational irritants and allergens--an update. 784 49

ABSTRACT Chromium is a common human contact allergen, but it is not known whether chromates cause contact hypersensitivity by immunological mechanisms similar to those induced by strong haptens. To understand the immunological events of contact hypersensitivity to chromates, we investigated whether and how chromate sensitization alters lymphocyte subsets in draining lymph nodes (DLNs), blood, and spleens in mice. BALB/c mice were sensitized by painting their ears with 0.5% potassium dichromate or vehicle alone on 3 consecutive days. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte surface antigens showed that the chromate exposure significantly increased the percentage of B cells and decreased the percentages of T cells in the DLNs. This was accompanied by a relative increase in T cells and a relative decrease in B cells in peripheral blood. In contrast to the chromate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (a skin irritant) did not affect B cells or T cells in the three compartments. Moreover, sensitization to the chromate led to dose-dependent decreases in the percentages of CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells in the DLNs. However, CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells were significantly increased in the blood and DLNs of the chromate-sensitized mice. Additionally, the percentage of B cells in the DLNs but not blood was dose-dependently increased in the chromate-sensitized mice. Histologically, B-cell areas were dramatically enlarged in the DLNs of the chromate-sensitized mice. Thus, this report provides basic information to further elucidate the role of individual lymphocyte subsets in contact hypersensitivity to chromates.
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PMID:Contact sensitizer potassium dichromate alters lymphocyte populations in draining lymph nodes and blood in mice. 2002 Aug 74