Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0920652 (skin irritant)
 188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

These inorganic polyphosphate salts all function as chelating agents in cosmetic formulations. In addition, Sodium Metaphosphate functions as an oral care agent, Sodium Trimetaphosphate as a buffering agent, and Sodium Hexametaphosphate as a corrosion inhibitor. Only Sodium Hexametaphosphate is currently reported to be used. Although the typical concentrations historically have been less than 1%, higher concentrations have been used in products such as bath oils, which are diluted during normal use. Sodium Metaphosphate is the general term for any polyphosphate salt with four or more phosphate units. The four-phosphate unit version is cyclic, others are straight chains. The hexametaphosphate is the specific six-chain length form. The trimetaphosphate structure is cyclic. Rats fed 10% Sodium Trimetaphosphate for a month exhibited transient tubular necrosis; rats given 10% Sodium Metaphosphate had retarded growth and those fed 10% Sodium Hexametaphosphate had pale and swollen kidneys. In chronic studies using animals, growth inhibition, increased kidney weights (with calcium deposition and desquamation), bone decalcification, parathyroid hypertrophy and hyperplasia, inorganic phosphaturia, hepatic focal necrosis, and muscle fiber size alterations. Sodium Hexametaphosphate was a severe skin irritant in rabbits, whereas a 0.2% solution was only mildly irritating. A similar pattern was seen with ocular toxicity. These ingredients were not genotoxic in bacterial systems nor were they carcinogenic in rats. No reproductive or developmental toxicity was seen in studies using rats exposed to Sodium Hexametaphosphate or Sodium Trimetaphosphate. In clinical testing, irritation is seen as a function of concentration; concentrations as high as 1% produced no irritation in contact allergy patients. Because of the corrosive nature of Sodium Hexametaphosphate, it was concluded that these ingredients could be used safely if each formulation was prepared to avoid skin irritation; for example, low concentration in a leave-on product or dilution of a higher concentration as part of product usage.
 ...
PMID:Final report on the safety assessment of Sodium Metaphosphate, Sodium Trimetaphosphate, and Sodium Hexametaphosphate. 1176 35

An ideal wound dressing should not only promote rapid hemostasis and wound healing but also have good biocompatibility, antimicrobial activities, and should mimic the skin's physiological function. In the present study, five O-quaternized chitosan (QAS-CS) materials with satisfactory antibacterial activity and no cytotoxicity were successfully synthesized. Furthermore, we reported the synthesis and characterization of the two novel composite nanofibrous scaffolds consisting of selfdeveloped collagen (COL), quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) or QAS-CS and polycaprolactone (PCL) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an electrospinning approach. The PCL/COL/QAS (PCQ3) and PVA/COL/QAS-CS (PCQC5) materials exhibited uniform, three-dimensional interconnected pore structure, high porosity, and large specific surface area, which can mimic the architecture and biological functions of the native extracellular matrix microenvironment and provide suitable conditions for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The growth and proliferation of human immortalized epidermal (HaCaT) cells on PCQ3 and PCQC5 materials was good, and the result of blood compatibility and the skin irritant test indicated that the scaffolds had good blood compatibility and did not exhibit significant irritability. Importantly, PCQ3 and PCQC5 have notable effects on rapid hemostasis, antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammation, promote wound healing, and display other superior benefits in comparison to available products. Overall, PCQ3 and PCQC5 are proposed to be good candidates for skin tissue engineering applications and can be used on different types of wounds.
 ...
PMID:Functionalized Biomimetic Composite Nanfibrous Scaffolds with Antibacterial and Hemostatic Efficacy for Facilitating Wound Healing. 3107 34