Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0920652 (skin irritant)
 188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The analysis of EpiDerm cultures treated with the known skin irritant sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was performed using 2D-gel electrophoresis in order to understand the mechanism of action and thereby identify novel markers of skin irritation. A range of both broad and narrow pH gradient first-dimension gels were run (pH 4-7, 6-11, 4-5, 5-6 and 6-9) consistently followed by 12% SDS-PAGE in the second-dimension. Following treatment of EpiDerm with SLS, 67 proteins of interest were identified, of which 8 were selected as interesting: calmodulin-like skin protein, involucrin, epithelial cell marker protein, HS1, peroxiredoxin 1, serine protease inhibitor, KIAA0117 and ribosomal protein L17. Involucrin was confirmed as being up-regulated by both ELISA and Western blotting. The use of proteomics has identified a number of proteins which could be used as general markers for skin irritation and which may in particular be of value for the development of in vitro predictive models.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of the response of EpiDerm cultures to sodium lauryl sulphate. 1646 78

Skin irritation evaluation is an important endpoint for the safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients required by various regulatory authorities for notification and/or import of test substances. The present study was undertaken to investigate possible protocol adaptations of the currently validated in vitro skin irritation test methods based on reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) for the testing of plant extracts and natural botanicals. Due to their specific physico-chemical properties, such as lipophilicity, sticky/buttery-like texture, waxy/creamy foam characteristics, normal washing procedures can lead to an incomplete removal of these materials and/or to mechanical damage to the tissues, resulting in an impaired prediction of the true skin irritation potential of the materials. For this reason different refined washing procedures were evaluated for their ability to ensure appropriate removal of greasy and sticky substances while not altering the normal responses of the validated RhE test method. Amongst the different procedures evaluated, the use of a SDS 0.1% PBS solution to remove the sticky and greasy test material prior to the normal washing procedures was found to be the most suitable adaptation to ensure efficient removal of greasy and sticky in-house controls without affecting the results of the negative control. The predictive capacity of the refined SDS 0.1% washing procedure, was investigated by using twelve oily and viscous compounds having known skin irritation effects supported by raw and/or peer reviewed in vivo data. The normal washing procedure resulted in 8 out of 10 correctly predicted compounds as compared to 9 out of 10 with the refined washing procedures, showing an increase in the predictive ability of the assay. The refined washing procedure allowed to correctly identify all in vivo skin irritant materials showing the same sensitivity as the normal washing procedures, and further increased the specificity of the assay from 5 to 6 correct predictions out of 7 non irritants as compared to the normal washing procedures. In addition, when exposed to non-irritant oily and viscous materials, tissues rinsed with 0.1% SDS generally showed increased viabilities accompanied by decreased variabilities as compared to the normal washing procedures. Similar results were obtained when testing typical in-house natural botanical ingredients. In conclusion, the use of a refined washing procedure making use of SDS 0.1% in PBS was found a suitable procedure to ensure efficient removal of greasy and sticky materials, leading to an increased predictive capacity and decreased variability of the tissue responses while maintaining its sensitivity and not affecting untreated tissues morphology and viability.
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PMID:Improved procedures for in vitro skin irritation testing of sticky and greasy natural botanicals. 2290 70