Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0920652 (skin irritant)
 188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Information on acute intoxications during work in the Netherlands has been gathered from 4 sources during a 1-year period: 1. The registration of occupational accidents of the Directorate-General of Labour, by reviewing reports on accidents involving chemicals; 2. The Netherlands Poison Control Centre of the National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Hygiene, by tracing back consulting physicians; 3. The Dutch Centre for Health Care Information, by searching their data base for hospital admissions with relevant admission diagnoses and 4. A large Occupational Health Service, which for this purpose recorded incident cases in the population under care. During the period of investigation 5 deaths were reported: 1 case of hydrogen cyanide intoxication, 1 case of carbon dioxide intoxication, and 3 cases of hydrogen sulfide intoxication in combination with oxygen deficiency (nearby a liquid manure tank). At least 690 (supposed) acute intoxications during work occurred, which in 84 cases resulted in hospital admission. The total number of hospital admissions for supposed unintentional acute intoxications by chemicals, usually encountered in workplaces, in the Netherlands in 1984 was at least 477. Substances most often involved belonged to the groups of pesticides, lung and/or skin irritant liquids/vapors/gases and asphyxiants. The working branches most often involved were agriculture and market gardening sectors, (chemical) industries, repair and retail trade and some governmental services (police, fire brigade, defense personnel). The results show considerable underreporting in official statistics on acute intoxications during work.
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PMID:Acute intoxications during work. 335 91

A structure-activity relationship (SAR) model has been developed to discriminate skin irritant from nonirritant esters. The model is based on the physicochemical properties of 42 esters that were tested in humans for skin irritation. Nineteen physicochemical parameters that represent transport, electronic, and steric properties were calculated for each chemical. Best subsets regression analysis indicated candidate models for further analysis. Regression analyses identified significant models (p < 0.05) that had variables that were also significant (p < 0.05). These candidate models were evaluated using linear discriminant analysis to determine if the irritant esters could be discriminated from nonirritant esters. The stability of the model was evident from the consistency of parameters among ten submodels generated using multiple random sampling of the database. The sensitivity of the ten models, evaluated by "leave-one-out" cross-validation, ranged from 0. 846 to 0.923, with a mean of 0.885 +/- 0.025 (95% CI). The specificity ranged from 0.615 to 0.923, with a mean of 0.738 +/- 0.06 (CI). Compared with nonirritant esters, irritant esters had lower density, lower water solubility, lower sum of partial positive charges, higher Hansen hydrogen bonding parameter, and higher Hansen dispersion parameter. The results indicate that physicochemical features of esters contribute to their ability to cause skin irritation in humans, and that chemical partitioning into the epidermis and intermolecular reactions are likely important components of the response. This model is applicable for prediction of human irritation of esters yet untested.
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PMID:A robust structure-activity relationship (SAR) model for esters that cause skin irritation in humans. 1078 76