Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917816 (mental retardation)
 15,867 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 155 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and 209 with other types of mental retardation (OMR) at Huronia Regional Centre, Orillia, Ontario was 34.8 and 5.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females in either group of patients. In 75 matched pairs (DS-OMR) the HBsAg prevalence was 45% in DS and 8.3% in OMR males; in females 40% of those with DS were HBsAg-positive, whereas all the OMR residents were negative. The prevalence of HBsAg in both DS and OMR groups was higher in those admitted in early childhood and in those who had resided in the institution for more than 10 years. In all 54 HBsAg-positive DS patients the antigen subtype was ad. Among the 11 HBsAg-positive OMR patients the subtype was ad in 10 cases and ay in 1.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and its subtypes in an institution for the mentally retarded. 12 13

Institutionalized patients with Down syndrome and matched controls with other causes of mental retardation were tested by immune adherence hemagglutination for the presence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA). Altogether 75.1% (175 of 233) exhibited presence of anti-HA, with no differences by sex or age. Patients reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or its antibody (anti-HBs) were reactive for anti-HA significantly more frequently than those with a negative reaction for these markers. In contrast to serologic markers of hepatitis type B, prevalence of anti-HA does not depend on the cause of mental retardation or on the age at primary infection. The rate of anti-HA positivity was found to be closely correlated with duration of institutionalization. The study confirmed that many closed institutions for the mentally retarded are hyperendemic for hepatitis type A and that formation of anti-HA is not greatly affected by either immune deficiency or immune immaturity.
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PMID:Antibody to hepatitis A antigen in institutionalized mentally retarded patients. 13 79

An epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been carried out from 1974 up to 1978 in four laboratories, with the aim of identifying high-risk groups in the population. Radioimmunoassay procedures were used in order to detect the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the corresponding antibody (anti-HBs) in serum samples from over 100,000 individuals of various geographical origin (mainly from Ligury or from other areas in Northern Italy). The groups of population under monitoring included: individuals without hepatic illness just after admittance into hospitals (these groups were found to be adequately representative of the corresponding open population), groups of children and boys from the open school population, individuals living in various communities (foundling hospital, children college, recruits, institutionalized old people, subnormal individuals and their assistance staff), non-assistance working categories (workers from metallurgical and chemical industries, shipped seamen), hospital assistance personnel, dialyzed and transplanted renal patients, blood donors. The results obtained showed a considerable variability of HBV infections among the examined groups of population. In particular, the frequency of HBsAg and/or anti-HBs detection appeared to be significantly affected by each of the following epidemiological parameters: geographical area, sex, age, pregnancy, life in communities and contacts with hepatitis patients, mental deficiency, non-assistance working activities, assistance activity in the hospital environment, hemodialysis and transplants, selection of population groups by HBsAg screening.
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PMID:Epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus infections in various groups of population. 39 32

A cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of hepatitis B serologic markers and hepatitis B virus DNA was performed in a population of 493 mentally handicapped males. Special interest was focused on age-related variables such as age at entry into the institution and on duration of residency. Furthermore, the differences with regard to the prevalence of hepatitis B markers found in Down's syndrome residents and other mentally retarded persons were analyzed. In a longitudinal study, the impact of the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum was studied. Overall, 62.1 per cent of residents had serologic evidence of infection with hepatitis B virus, while 16.7 per cent of those residents with markers of infection were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Hepatitis B virus DNA was found in 24 per cent of HBsAg carriers (all positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). In residents whose age at entry was less than 15 years, those with Down's syndrome were more often carriers of HBsAg than other mentally retarded residents. In addition, Down's syndrome residents more often had serum hepatitis B virus DNA compared with residents with other forms of mental retardation. A young age at entry was recognized as an important factor with regard to the prevalence of hepatitis B markers. From the longitudinal studies, it appeared that loss of hepatitis B virus DNA from serum indicated imminent loss of HBeAg and normalization of alanine aminotransferase values. Knowledge of the hepatitis B virus DNA status of HBsAg carriers in these institutions may therefore provide a valuable tool in attempts to reduce the transmission of this infection.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus infection in an institution for the mentally retarded. 297 Jul 93

Unbalanced interstitial deletions of the p13 region of human chromosome 11 have been associated with congenital hypoplasia or aplasia of the iris, mental retardation, ambiguous genitalia, and predisposition to Wilms tumor of the kidney. Utilizing somatic cell hybrids containing either the normal or abnormal chromosome 11 from a child with Wilms tumor and aniridia, we previously mapped the E7 cell-surface antigen to the 11p1300-to-11p15.1 region. To localize even further the site of this antigen on chromosome arm 11p, we have produced somatic cell hybrids from the fibroblasts of a second child with Wilms tumor and aniridia and a different deletion of 11p [46,XY, del (11)(pter----p14.1::p11.2----qter)]. Furthermore, the normal and deleted chromosome 11 could also be distinguished on the basis of a restriction fragment length polymorphism for the beta-globin gene. Hybrid cells containing the deleted chromosome were not killed in the presence of complement and the E7 monoclonal antibody (which recognizes E7 cell surface antigen), while hybrid cells containing the patient's normal chromosome 11 were killed. Thus, expression of the E7-associated cell-surface antigen can be mapped to the 11p13 region, and it appears to be a potential marker of the chromosome abnormality associated with aniridia-Wilms tumor.
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PMID:The E7-associated cell-surface antigen: a marker for the 11p13 chromosomal deletion associated with aniridia-Wilms tumor. 299 35