Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917816 (mental retardation)
 15,867 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of "moya-moya" disease of a 12-year-old boy is reported. The clinical history started at 3 years 2 months after cranial trauma. The patient developed mental retardation, hemiparesis and seizures.
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PMID:"Moya-moya' disease caused by cranial trauma. 12 67

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 155 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and 209 with other types of mental retardation (OMR) at Huronia Regional Centre, Orillia, Ontario was 34.8 and 5.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females in either group of patients. In 75 matched pairs (DS-OMR) the HBsAg prevalence was 45% in DS and 8.3% in OMR males; in females 40% of those with DS were HBsAg-positive, whereas all the OMR residents were negative. The prevalence of HBsAg in both DS and OMR groups was higher in those admitted in early childhood and in those who had resided in the institution for more than 10 years. In all 54 HBsAg-positive DS patients the antigen subtype was ad. Among the 11 HBsAg-positive OMR patients the subtype was ad in 10 cases and ay in 1.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and its subtypes in an institution for the mentally retarded. 12 13

The current trend to fewer births per family, a lower birth rate, and a national commitment to reduce mental retardation calls for evaluation of methods which will optimize perinatal outcome individually and in a collective sense. Based on the assumption that continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during labor can reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity by 50%, a cost analysis is constructed. The cost for total monitoring of 3000 deliveries per year is compared with the potential savings due to prevention of one-half of the mental retardation that would develop from the same group were they not monitored.
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PMID:Fetal monitoring: is it worth it? 12 61

Computer analyses of the electroencephalograms of normal children, and children with Down's syndrome who were mentally retarded, revealed differences in the distribution of amplitude between the two groups. Normal children, in the early postnatal period, generate EEG's which have a non-Gaussian distribution of amplitude that becomes increasingly Gaussian before one year of age and remains so throughout subsequent development. Conversely, the EEG's of children with Down's syndrome exhibit highly non-Gaussian properties at all ages studied. The EEG's of two mentally retarded autistic children did not show this property, so it is not merely a concomitant of mental retardation. The first-order Gaussian distribution may reflect the degree of inteneuronal coupling; since an increased number of connections on any neuron implies decreased functional dependence of that neuron on any other particular single neuron, the present evidence, which indicates stronger interneuronal coupling in mongoloids, suggests that Down's syndrome may be associated with incomplete postnatal development of interconnections between cortical neurons.
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PMID:Non-Gaussian behavior of the EEG in Down's syndrome suggests decreased neuronal connections. 12 3

In order to determine the effectiveness of operant approaches to group therapy with children with cerebral palsy or mental retardation, four boys aged between 4 years 10 months and 5 years 7 months were given a total of 23 twice-weekly 30-minute treatment sessions. After treatment there was considerably improvement in the children's attention-to-tasks and they showed some increase in social interactions, though to a lesser degree. Teacher ratings also showed some improvement in classroom behavior.
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PMID:Operant approaches to group therapy in a school for handicapped children. 12 69

To date, a total of eight cases of the Turner-mongolism polysyndrome have been recognized. The clinical manifestations included retarded growth (resulting in a small and infantile appearance), with shield-like chest, poorly developed breasts, absent body hair, brachycephaly, short neck with foldings and low hairline, oblique eyes with epicanthal folds, squat nose, scrotal or normal tongue, abnormal hard palate (high or cleft), short hands and feet, frequent cubitis valgus, normal clitoris (may be either hypoplastic or peniform), mental retardation, and the XO/G+ karyotype, mosaic for XO in most instances. At this time, a single cause for all cases of the double aneuploidy is not known.
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PMID:Turner-mongolism polysyndrome. Review of the first eight known cases. 12 53

Some hitherto undetected differences in chemical and macromolecular structure between both dermatan sulphates and heparan sulphates excreted in the Hurler and Hunter syndromes are demonstrated. 1. Of Hunter dermatan sulphate, 37-43% is resistant to periodate oxidation, as opposed to 25% of the corresponding Hurler material. It is likely that the resistance is conferred by the presence of sulphate groups on carbon atoms 2 or 3 of the iduronate residues, correlating with the recently established deficiency of a sulphoiduronate sulphatase in Hunter fibroblasts. 2. Two distinct electrophoretic species of dermatan sulphate are found in Hunter urine, but only one in Hurler preparations. 3. Ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration reveal that Hurler dermatan sulphate is more heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight distribution than the other. The dermatan sulphates were degraded by hyaluronidase to a limited extent. 4. Hurler heparan sulphate contains a higher proportion of sulphoamino-glucose than material from Hunter urine. Similar high levels in Sanfilippo patients, representing 65-78% of the total glucosamine suggest a direct correlation with mental deficiency.
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PMID:Comparative structural studies of urinary glycosaminoglycans in the Hurler and Hunter syndromes. 12 16

Hepatitis-Associated (Australia) Antigen (HAA) was detected in 13 (5.8%) of 223 patients with Down's syndrome and in 14 (3.7%) of 378 patients with other forms of mental retardation. The frequency of HAA was 2.4 per cent in 127 noninstitutionalized patients with Down's syndrome, and 10.4 per cent in 96 institutionalized patients. The frequency of HAA with Down's syndrome was lower on the average in Japan than in the United States or Germany. HAA was detected in one (1.3%) of 78 mothers of infants with Down's syndrome. Our study suggests that maternal exposure to HAA, as reflected by the presence of either HAA or anti-HAA, was not associated with the subsequent birth of an infant with Down's syndrome.
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PMID:Hepatitis-associated (Australia) antigen and Down's syndrome. 12 83

Four children with mental deficiency and different chromosomal errors, previously reported, have been restudied with the use of the G-banding technique. The errors include ring-6, t(2q-; 15+), t(21q;21q) and 22q-.
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PMID:Banding identification of chromosomal abnormalities in four patients: ring (6), translocation (2q-;15q+), translocation (21q;21q) and deletion (22q-). 12 42

The authors studied the clinical features in 19 patients with the mosaic variety of Down's disease and 63 patients with trisomia in relation to the 21st chromosome. It was demonstrated that mild forms of mental retardation are mainly seen in mosaicism rather than in the trisome variety, although severe forms of retardation may be seen in the first group as well. A full correlation between the severity of mental retardation and the % of the aneuploid cell content in the peripheral blood was not always observed.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of the mosaic variant of Down's disease]. 12 65


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