Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0917816 (mental retardation)
 15,867 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This invited review aimed at presenting the evidence concerning neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly cerebral palsy (CP), motor disability, cognitive impairment, mental retardation, any major disability, blindness and deafness in cases of twins, conceived after in vitro fertilization, presenting fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) or being prematurely born. FGR/IUGR, prematurity and zygosity affect neurodevelopmental outcome; CP is higher in term infants, those presenting with FGR/IUGR, as well as in survivors of intrauterine co-twin death; cognitive ability of twins versus singletons mainly relates to confounding factors, as FGR/IUGR and prematurity, while evidence for differences in behavioral and psychiatric disorders between twins and singletons is limited. The impact of IVF per se has not been documented. Nevertheless, available literature, usually of heterogeneous and retrospective nature, diverges in the criteria for neurodevelopmental delay. Furthermore, differences in selection/exclusion criteria and small mixed cohorts, including the full range of complications, make comparison of the existing studies difficult. Future studies should focus in confirming the lack of IVF impact on twins' neurodevelopment and general health, in comparing long-term outcome of naturally conceived twins with those conceived following assisted reproduction techniques and in including evaluation of individual, longitudinal trajectories of growth, and development. In this respect, worldwide population-based registries will enable more precise description of neurodevelopmental outcomes among twins.
 ...
PMID:Twins and neurodevelopmental outcomes: the effect of IVF, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth. 2930 49

The population of late preterm infants (PT), those born between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation, accounts for 70-74% of all premature infants, and is not specifically included in most of the follow-up protocols for preterm infants. For many years, PTs have been handled as if they were term newborns, which has led to a limited knowledge of their outcome in the medium and long term. Their neonatal morbidity is associated with a higher incidence of postnatal complications, with an increased rate of hospital re-admissions due to malnutrition, hyperbilirubinaemia, and respiratory problems, when compared to term infants. Cerebral immaturity may be the main cause of the deficits observed in the long-term neurodevelopment of this population, making them more vulnerable. Several issues have been described, such as delays or disabilities in the pre-school stage, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, intellectual disability, schizophrenia, and psychological development of behavioural and emotional disorders. The SEN34-36 Group of the Spanish Society of Neonatology, in collaboration with the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics, have developed these follow-up recommendations with the main objective of reducing the impact of prematurity on PT development. The secondary objectives of the document are to make neonatologists and paediatricians aware of the risks of sequelae of PTs, to determine and unify the evaluations and / or interventions that should be carried out, to offer clinical follow-up tools for the early detection of developmental delays, and to coordinate the care by all the professionals involved.
 ...
PMID:[Follow-up recommendations for the late preterm infant]. 3077 15

Although often difficult to diagnose, the use of psychoactive drugs during pregnancy has become a commonly encountered occurrence. The present article aims to clarify the effects of alcohol, tobacco, narcotics, antidepressants, stimulants, halucinogenes and canabioids consumption on pregnancy and the newborn. There are differences within the types of drugs consumption: use/abuse/addiction of psychoactive medication during pregnancy. The fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in case of alcohol exposure during pregnancy. It is characterized by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, lower neurobehavioral scores, mental retardation, heart defects and special facial features. Heroin consumption can lead to prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth or to hemorrhage in the third trimester of pregnancy; it can be associated with malnutrition, venereal diseases, hepatitis, pulmonary complications or preeclampsia. During pregnancy, the effects of cocaine use include cardiovascular complications, neurological complications, infections (sexually transmitted diseases - gonorrhea, Chlamydia infections, syphilis, HPV), obstetric complications (premature birth, fetal death, abruptio placentae). In the fetus, the consequences of cocaine consumption can trigger limb defects, urinary tract malformations, fetal microcephaly, perinatal cerebral infarctions. In conclusion, identifying the profile of pregnant drug users can trigger better care both for the mother, and for the fetus; information and prevention campaigns should provide data on their adverse effects on pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol and Psychoactive Drugs in Pregnancy. 3215 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5