Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917816 (mental retardation)
 15,867 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The triad of aniridia, ambiguous genitalia, and mental retardation (AGR triad) is the characteristic clinical feature of three unrelated patients with previously unreported chromosome 11 short arm interstitial deletions. A Wilms' tumor in one patient establishes one cause for the aniridia-Wilms' tumor association. The genetic heterogeneity of aniridia, the AGR triad, and Wilms' tumor are demonstrated, and Wilms' tumor is indicated to be a neoplastic birth defect which can result from a variety of embryologic insults, some of which may be chromosomal or heritable.
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PMID:Chromosomal imbalance in the Aniridia-Wilms' tumor association: 11p interstitial deletion. 20 44

A 7-year-old boy with aniridia, Wilms' tumor, and mental retardation, previously reported as having an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8 resulting from a t(8p+;11q-) translocation (Ladda et al., 1974), has been restudied using high-resolution trypsin-Giemsa banding of prometaphase chromsomes. The results revealed a complex rearrangement with four break points in 8p, 11p, and 11q, leading to a net loss of an interstitial segment of 11p (region p1407 yields p1304) but not of 8p. His red blood cells contained normal activities of glutathione reductase (gene on 8p) and lactate dehydrogeanse A (gene on 11p12), indicating a gene dosage consistent with the chromosomal findings. The revised interpretation of this case agrees with seven others reported as having aniridia and interstitial 11p deletions in establishing the distal half of band 11p13 as the site of gene(s) which lead to aniridia and predispose to Wilms' tumor if present in a hemizygous state. Possible relationships between heterozygous deletion of specific chromosomal bands 11p13 and 13q14 and the autosomal dominant disorders aniridia, Wilms' tumor, and retinoblastoma, respectively, are discussed.
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PMID:Aniridia-Wilms' tumor association: evidence for specific deletion of 11p13. 22 31

A case of bilateral aniridia, cataract and mental deficiency is described in a girl with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11. The child died of pneumonia and on autopsy bilateral gonadoblastoma was detected, but no Wilms' tumour. Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11 seems to be a clinically recognizable syndrome with aniridia, cataract and renal, gonadal or genital dysmorphogenesis.
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PMID:Aniridia, cataract and gonadoblastoma in a mentally retarded girl with deletion of chromosome II. A clinicopathological case report. 61 91

An 8-year-old boy with an uncorrected ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, mental retardation, and gigantism died 24 hours after partial resection of a large right-sided Wilms' tumor. The presence of other abnormalities, including a small umbilical hernia and overgrowth of the external genitalia, raises the possibility that this case represents a variant of the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. The typical facial features of Sotos' syndrome were not present. Gross examination of the surgical specimen revealed that tumor was present in the resected margin of left renal vein. Necropsy showed that death resulted from extensive cerebral infarction due to occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and its branches by tumor emboli. Paradoxical embolism had occurred during or soon after partial resection of the tumor mass due to passage of tumor fragments into the systemic circulation through the ventricular septal defect.
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PMID:Fatal paradoxical embolism to the left carotid artery during partial resection of Wilms' tumor. 132 57

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with biotin-labeled probes mapping to 11p13 has been used for the molecular analysis of deletions of the WAGR (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and mental retardation) locus. We have detected a submicroscopic 11p13 deletion in a child with inherited aniridia who subsequently presented with Wilms tumor in a horseshoe kidney, only revealed at surgery. The mother, who has aniridia, was also found to carry a deletion including both the aniridia candidate gene (AN2) and the Wilms tumor predisposition gene (WT1). This is therefore a rare case of an inherited WAGR deletion. Wilms tumor has so far only been associated with sporadic de novo aniridia cases. We have shown that a cosmid probe for a candidate aniridia gene, homologous to the mouse Pax-6 gene, is deleted in cell lines from aniridia patients with previously characterized deletions at 11p13, while another cosmid marker mapping between two aniridia-associated translocation breakpoints (and hence a second candidate marker) is present on both chromosomes. These results support the Pax-6 homologue as a strong candidate for the AN2 gene. FISH with cosmid probes has proved to be a fast and reliable technique for the molecular analysis of deletions. It can be used with limited amounts of material and has strong potential for clinical applications.
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PMID:Submicroscopic deletions at the WAGR locus, revealed by nonradioactive in situ hybridization. 133 70

A two year old female child with bilateral wilms tumor (WT) along with multiple congenital anomalies like bilateral aniridia with congenital cataracts and nystagmus, microcephaly, mental retardation and ventricular septal defect has been described. The karyotype analysis revealed 46 xx, del 11p 13-14.1. Association of ventricular septal defect with the classical features of 'Aniridia-Wilms' tumor association' is an unusual feature in this case.
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PMID:Aniridia--Wilms' tumour association--a case with 11p 13-14.1 deletion and ventricular septal defect. 133 56

Wilms' tumour is rarely associated with sporadic non-familial congenital aniridia. A child with sporadic aniridia has a 25% chance of subsequently developing Wilms' tumour. Unawareness of this association can lead to a delayed diagnosis of Wilms' tumour. One such case in a 2 year old is reported. Wilms' tumour, one of the common childhood malignancies, is associated with other congenital anomalies in about 15% of cases. These include hemihypertrophy, genitourinary abnormalities, mental retardation, aniridia etc. Sporadic non-familial aniridia was noted in only 1.1% of 547 children with Wilms' tumours evaluated by the National Wilms' Tumour study group. Unawareness on the part of a clinician about these associated anomalies can lead to an avoidable delay in diagnosing Wilms' tumour. One such case in a two year old girl is being reported.
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PMID:Aniridia-Wilms' tumour syndrome--a case report. 133 31

Transiently activating (A-type) potassium (K) channels are important regulators of action potential and action potential firing frequencies. HK1 designates the first human cDNA that is highly homologous to the rat RCK4 cDNA that codes for an A-type K-channel. The HK1 channel is expressed in heart. By somatic cell hybrid analysis, the HK1 gene has been assigned to human chromosome 11p13-p14, the WAGR deletion region (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genito-urinary abnormalities and mental retardation). Subsequent pulsed field gel (PFG) analysis and comparison with the well-established PFG map of this region localized the gene to 11p14,200-600 kb telomeric to the FSHB gene.
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PMID:The potassium channel gene HK1 maps to human chromosome 11p14.1, close to the FSHB gene. 148 51

Wilms' tumour (WT), aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities and mental retardation form a symptom group (WAGR syndrome) associated with hemizygous deletions of DNA in chromosome band 11p13 (refs 1,2). However, it has not been clear whether hemizygosity at a single locus contributes to more than one phenotype. The tumour suppressor gene for Wilms' tumour, WT1, has been characterized: it is expressed at high levels in the glomeruli of the kidney, as well as the gonadal ridge of the developing gonad, the Sertoli cells of the testis and the epithelial and granulosa cells of the ovary, suggesting a developmental role in the genital system in addition to the kidney. We now report constitutional mutations within the WT1 genes of two individuals with a combination of WT and genital abnormalities as evidence of a role for a recessive oncogene in mammalian development.
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PMID:WT1 mutations contribute to abnormal genital system development and hereditary Wilms' tumour. 165 25

Wilms tumor (WT) is one of the more common childhood cancers. A small fraction of WT occurs in association with aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities and mental retardation, the WAGR syndrome, and these cases often are accompanied by a constitutional deletion of all or part of band 11p13. Recently a WT susceptibility gene (WT1), localized to 11p13, has been isolated and shown to be inactivated in some sporadic WTs. In the present study, a highly informative CA repeat polymorphism within the gene was studied in a family with six affected members in three generations. Predisposition to WT in this large family did not segregate with this polymorphism. Furthermore, linkage analysis indicated exclusion of WT predisposition from 11p15. These results provide definitive evidence that familial predisposition to WT can be mediated by a gene other than WT1.
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PMID:Familial predisposition to Wilms tumor does not segregate with the WT1 gene. 165 33


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