Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(-)-Deprenyl (selegiline) is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) B, which was discovered in 1962 and become the "golden standard" of MAO research. Like the other MAO-B inhibitors, it was synthesized as an antidepressant, but in a selective MAO-B inhibitory dose it does not act in depression. It is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (-)-Deprenyl potentiates the effect of dopamine, it has antioxidant activity and prevents the toxicity of the dopaminergic (6-OH-dopamine; 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP)), the noradrenergic (DSP-4) and cholinergic (AF64A) neurotoxins after pre-treatment. When (-)-deprenyl was administered with levodopa in a long-term treatment of Parkinsonian patients, it induces adverse events (nausea, dizziness, confusion, hallucination, insomnia and cardiovascular changes), which could be due to dopamine potentiation in dopaminergic systems (limbic system), other than the nigrostriatal pathway. (-)-Deprenyl in much lower concentrations needed to induce MAO-B inhibition (10(-9) to 10(-13) M) potently inhibits MPTP or serum withdrawal induced apoptosis in tissue cultures of neuro-ectodermal origin (PC12, M1, M2058). The (+)-enantiomer of deprenyl lacks of this property. The anti-apoptotic activity of (-)-deprenyl can be prevented by inhibiting the metabolism of the drug with SKF-525A pre-treatment, which suggests that some of the presently unknown metabolites could be responsible for the anti-apoptotic activity. In high concentration (10(-3) M), (-)-deprenyl and its metabolites induce apoptosis in tissue cultures without serum withdrawal (biphasic action). Our findings support the view that 100, or even 1000 times lower dose of (-)-deprenyl can be offered in human therapy to protect, or slow down neuronal degeneration, than it is presently used. With low dose of the drug the dopaminergic adverse events could be avoided, while anti-apoptotic activity might be preserved.
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PMID:(-)-Deprenyl, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, with apoptotic and anti-apoptotic properties. 1469 98

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., as a Chinese functional food, has been widely used in neurological disorders including insomnia and Alzheimer's disease. The treatment of classical neuropsychiatric disorder depression is to be developed from Schisandra chinensis. The antidepressant-like effects of the Schisandra chinensis extracts (SCE), and their probable involvement in the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems were investigated by the forced swim test (FST). Acute administration of SCE (600 mg kg(-1), i.g.), a combination of SCE (300 mg kg(-1), i.g.) and reboxetine (a noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor, 2.5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or imipramine (a TCA, 2 mg kg(-1), i.p.) reduced the immobility time in the FST. Pretreatment with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4, a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin, 50 mg kg(-1), i.p., 4 days), haloperidol (a non-selective D2 receptor antagonist, 0.2 mg kg(-1), i.p.), SCH 23390 (a selective D1 receptor antagonist, 0.03 mg kg(-1), i.p.), bicuculline (a competitive GABA antagonist, 4 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA, an agonist at the glutamate site, 75 mg kg(-1), i.p.) effectively reversed the antidepressant-like effect of SCE (600 mg kg(-1), i.g.). However, p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, 100 mg kg(-1), i.p., 4 days,) did not eliminate the reduced immobility time induced by SCE (600 mg kg(-1), i.g.). Moreover, the treatments did not change the locomotor activity. Altogether, these results indicated that SCE produced antidepressant-like activity, which might be mediated by the modification of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems.
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PMID:The effect of Schisandra chinensis extracts on depression by noradrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in the forced swim test in mice. 2722 51