Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of a double-blind sequential comparative study conducted on 20 women suffering from menopausal disorders by administering a preparation containing a combination of natural conjugated estrogens and oxazepam and the estrogens alone in the same dose (equivalent to .4 mg of estrone sodium sulphate) are repeated. The combination drug showed considerable therapeutic efficacy and the advantage of being well tolerated, without marked side effects. Both with respect to efficacy and mildness of side effects, the combination was markedly superior to the estrogens administered alone. The findings were confirmed by the subjective evaluation of the patients. Both somatic and psychological-emotional disorders, such as insomnia and loss of libido, showed considerable improvement. It is concluded that the addition of oxazepam or a similar drug to the estrogens is safe and effective in the treatment of menopausal disorders.
 ...
PMID:[Combination of natural estrogens and anxiolytic drugs in menopausal disturbances]. 460 2

During a double-blind clinical study, a new hypnotic benzodiazepine, lormetazepam (Wy 4082), was compared at a fixed dose of 1 mg to sodium amobarbital at a fixed dose of 100 mg for the treatment of moderate insomnia in 2 groups of 25 psychiatric outpatients. The medication was given at bedtime and the duration of the study was limited to 2 weeks. The quality of sleep was evaluated by the patient after the first night and at the end of the first and second week and by investigator at the end of the 2 weeks trial. The two products appeared effective on global assessment, but with an advantage in favour of lormetazepam: earlier onset of sleep and excellent acceptability on the final evaluation. Fifty two per cent of patients treated with amobarbital had side effects, mainly hangover and sedation during the morning, while only one patient treated with lormetazepam complained of headaches in the morning.
 ...
PMID:[Lormetazepam and amobarbital in the treatment of insomnia in psychiatric outpatients. A controlled study]. 612 88

In a double-blind clinical trial, 50 psychiatric outpatients with moderate insomnia (requiring daily treatment with a hypnotic drug) were treated for two weeks with lormetazepam (1 mg) or amobarbital sodium (100 mg). In interviews before and after treatment, data were collected on the patients' demographic characteristics, sleep disturbances, concomitant organic or psychiatric disorders, and opinions of the drug taken during the two-week period. During the trial the patients took notes on their use of the drug, the quality and duration of their sleep, and any adverse effects of the drug they were using. Lormetazepam and amobarbital were equivalent in the amount of time it took patients receiving each drug to fall asleep and in the duration of the patients' sleep, but insomnia disappeared (or the condition improved) in a larger proportion of patients receiving lormetazepam, and there were fewer adverse effects (eg, hangover in the morning, sedation in the morning and during the day, and dry mouth) in patients receiving lormetazepam than in patients receiving amobarbital.
 ...
PMID:Lormetazepam and amobarbital sodium in the outpatient treatment of insomnia: a controlled trial. 613 7

To assess the value of high-dose dexamethasone therapy in preventing the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects of chemotherapy, a randomized double-blind study was conducted in women receiving outpatient therapy for breast cancer. Single-dose dexamethasone sodium phosphate (10 mg) or placebo was administered intravenously in 57 trials in 22 women immediately before chemotherapy. Questionnaires (administered before therapy and 24 hours later) were compared for evidence of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia produced by chemotherapy. No GI intolerance to chemotherapy was noted in 24 (83%) of the 29 dexamethasone trials v 16 (57%) of the 28 placebo trials. Dexamethasone trials produced the following results: no side effects in 50% (14/29), insomnia the night after chemotherapy in 21% (6/29), an increase in energy levels in 24% (7/29), and an improvement in mood in 14% (4/29). High-dose dexamethasone therapy has useful application in alleviating the emetic effects of cancer chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone therapy in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 634 9

Sleep patterns were recorded during 5 weeks of chronic treatment with sodium barbital and after abrupt cessation of drug administration. Sodium barbital was administered intragastrically to adult cats twice daily in doses to produce a peak response of gross ataxia ("low-dose" barbiturate treatment). Sleep stages were scored from EEG, EOG, and neck EMG recordings from chronically implanted electrodes. Sleep was monitored continuously for 48 h once each week during barbital administration and continuously for 7 to 10 days during withdrawal. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during barbital treatment was reduced to approximately half compared with control. At the end of the treatment, equivalent doses of pentobarbital were substituted for barbital. Cessation of pentobarbital administration produced withdrawal. Withdrawal intensity was moderate and spontaneous convulsions occurred in half the animals. The duration of withdrawal insomnia was 2 to 3 days. Return of the non-REM and REM sleep was associated with changes in withdrawal behaviors, notably the appearance of overly affectionate behavior. Furthermore, during return of sleep both non-REM and REM sleep increased to values greater than control.
 ...
PMID:Sleep patterns in cats during chronic low-dose barbiturate treatment and withdrawal. 653 86

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. 668 67

A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of graded sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms was performed. The study group consisted of 23 post-menopausal women who had previously undergone hysterectomy. Active therapy resulted in a significant reduction in hot flushes and night sweats. There was a slight improvement in insomnia, lack of energy and confidence but the other symptoms were not significantly altered. A small placebo effect was noted but this was only significant 1 mth after active treatment had been discontinued in the group of women receiving placebo second. Active treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in serum sodium, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol, and increase in serum triglycerides, but no alteration in the other biochemical parameters, weight or blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms and biochemical parameters. 675 Mar 25

Phenytoin sodium was evaluated for its effect on the development and intensity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) because of its ability to reduce intracellular Na+ concentrations in brain and thereby minimize any tendency to increase cellular volume, a hypothetical cause of AMS. Six men aged 19-35 were exposed to approximately 4600 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber for 52 h on two occasions separated by 10 d at sea level. Subjects received wither phenytoin or placebo for 18 h before (700 mg, divided dose) and throughout (100 mg t.i.d.) each altitude exposure in a double-blind, repeated-measures (crossover) design. Phenytoin serum concentrations ranged from 4.4-13.9 micrograms/ml during altitude exposure. Twice daily questionnaires and clinical evaluations showed no marked benefit from phenytoin on the occurrence, severity, or duration of AMS symptoms: headache, nausea, insomnia, and general malaise. Overall, 1 subject felt better, 2 felt worse, 1 felt the same; 2 were not suitably comparable. There was no observed relationship between serum levels and symptoms of AMS. Moderate degrees of weakness and dizziness were each reported by 3 subjects with phenytoin but not with placebo, however. Resting pulmonary ventilation, end-tidal PO2 and PCO2, map reading abilities and respiratory mask donning times were not affected by phenytoin. Under the conditions of this trial, phenytoin did not appear to be useful in managing AMS.
 ...
PMID:Phenytoin: ineffective against acute mountain sickness. 676 69

80 epileptic children were treated with sodium valproate as a monotherapy for a mean duration of 15 months. The fits stopped in 50% and diminished in 27.5% of cases. The treatment was particularly efficient in primary generalized epilepsies (cessation in 77%, reduction in 18% of cases), in the photosensitive epilepsies, and in children with a normal mental development. Reducing a multiple treatment to valproate monotherapy resulted in behavioral improvement in 10 of 11 cases and in a reduction or even a discontinuation of the fits. Drowsiness, insomnia, hair loss, gastrointestinal disturbances and weight gaining were the most important side effects. Evaluations of the plasmatic levels in relation to daily doses allow to advise a mean daily dose of 20-30 mg/kg depending on the child's age.
 ...
PMID:[Sodium valproate (Na VPa) monotherapy in childhood epilepsy ]. 681 34

A 67-year-old man with SIADH complicated by slowly progressing autonomic failure was described. The patient noticed constipation at the age of 57. In the following years, he suffered from urinary incontinence, depletion of sweating, impotence, sleeplessness with snore, and dizziness while walking. Physical examination revealed a masked oily face with slight cerebellar disturbance. Abnormality of autonomic function tests was recognized and he was diagnosed as Shy-Drager syndrome with gradually progressing, diffuse autonomic failure accompanied by slight cerebellar ataxia and Parkinsonism. Both serum sodium level and plasma osmotic pressure were reduced, whereas daily sodium excretion was more than 100mEq and urinary osmolality was about 500mOsm/kgH2O. His renal function was intact, and the adrenocortical and thyroid hormone levels were normal, then criteria of SIADH was fulfilled. SIADH was thought to have occurred on the basis of Shy-Drager syndrome. Water load test showed failure of adequate water diuresis, but intravenous phenytoin administration following the water load test ameliorated the diuresis to normal. The relationship between plasma osmolality and the ADH response indicates that ADH was adequately secreted in response to the increase in plasma osmolality but not suppressed in response to the decrease in plasma osmolality below 280mOsm/kgH2O. These results suggest that ADH synthesis in the hypothalamus and its secretion from the pituitary gland were both intact. The response of ADH secretion to the orthostatic hypotension induced by head-up tilt was quite blunted, being compatible with Shy-Drager Syndrome. Sleep disturbance was studied by polysomnography and laryngoscopy, and was revealed to be based upon severe sleep apnea due to incomplete paralysis of the bilateral vocal cords. Sleep apnea due to vocal cord paralysis is sometimes found to be complicated in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) including Shy-Drager syndrome, and is known as Gerhardt syndrome. This is the first report on a case of Shy-Drager syndrome complicated with SIADH and bilateral vocal cord paralysis. In this case, SIADH is caused by impaired afferent pathways from baroreceptors to the hypothalamus, which transfer inhibitory stimuli on ADH secretion. It is suggested that Shy-Drager syndrome should be considered one of the causes of SIADH.
 ...
PMID:[A case of Shy-Drager syndrome complicated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and incomplete paralysis of bilateral vocal cords]. 795 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>