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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-eight normal subjects had sleep recordings and multiple sleep latency tests (an EEG measure of sleepiness) before and after a 12-hour shift of sleep-wake schedule. After 2 baseline days, subjects postponed sleep until 12:00 noon, then for three 24-hour periods were in bed from 12:00 noon until 8:00 PM. Treatment in parallel groups were administered before shifted sleeps. Sleep disturbance was greatest in the last quarter of shifted nights (6.5 to 8.5 hours after medication). Subjects taking placebo showed significant sleep loss on shifted nights and increased sleepiness the next day. Triazolam, 0.5 mg, reversed the sleep loss and consequent daytime sleepiness associated with the shifted sleep schedule. Triazolam, 0.25 mg, was not significantly better than placebo. In a dose-related manner, flurazepam mitigated the insomnia, but carryover effects left both dose groups more sleepy than were the placebo control subjects. Whether these laboratory results are applicable to clinically occurring forms of transient insomnia remains to be seen.
Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986 Sep
PMID:Dose-related effects of triazolam and flurazepam on a circadian rhythm insomnia. 374 36

Electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep patterns were examined in 27 psychotic and 79 nonpsychotic subjects with major depression to evaluate the validity of the psychotic-nonpsychotic subtype dichotomy. Sleep in psychotic depression was characterized by increased wakefulness, decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage, and decreased REM activity even after controlling for clinical differences in age, severity, and agitation. Psychotic depressive subjects also were more likely to have extremely short sleep-onset REM latencies. In psychotic depression EEG sleep varied as a function of total illness duration. Patients with recent-onset syndromes had profiles characterized by marked initial insomnia, increased stage 1 sleep percentage, and long REM latency; patients with illnesses of longer duration had extremely short REM latencies. Demonstration of selected EEG sleep variables discriminating between psychotic and nonpsychotic depression further supports psychotic depression as a distinct subtype of major affective disorder.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986 Sep
PMID:Electroencephalographic sleep in psychotic depression. A valid subtype? 375 66

The publication of a new nosology of sleep and arousal disorders in 1979 established the need for differential diagnosis of sleep disorders based on polysomnographic evaluations as well as medical history and physical examination. This review of recent developments in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders covers such topics as prevalence, findings related to sleeping pills and insomnia, effects of depression on sleep, and managing the elderly patient with disturbed sleep. The authors caution against misuse of hypnotic drug therapy for treatment of insomnia and encourage physicians to inquire about sleep patterns even when a patient is presenting a seemingly unrelated problem.
Hosp Community Psychiatry 1985 Sep
PMID:Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. 390 66

The relation of sleep complaint to sleep continuity and respiratory disturbance was studied by comparing 2 series of patients with sleep apnea, one group complaining of insomnia and the other of excessive daytime sleepiness. On polysomnographic evaluation, patients with insomnia complaints had fewer and shorter, primarily central, apneas that had little hypoxemic effects. Patients with excessive sleepiness complaints had more and longer, primarily obstructive, apneas that produced significant hypoxemia. Sleep of the excessively sleepy patients was lighter and longer, whereas that of the patients with insomnia was characterized by more wake time before and after sleep onset. The excessively sleepy patients were objectively sleepy on a test of daytime sleepiness, whereas patients with insomnia were alert.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1985 Sep
PMID:Sleep-wake complaints in patients with sleep-related respiratory disturbances. 403 27

Research has been carried out into the effects of a new vasoactive substance, buflomedil hydrochloride, on two groups of patients suffering from cerebrovascular insufficiency and obliterating arteriopathy at the lower extremities. Ten clinical parameters were assessed in the first group of patients (insomnia, headache, vertigo, tinnitus, asthenia, shaking, changes in reflexes, anorexia, memory disturbances, problems of concentration and character disturbances); in the second group, the muscular flow of the gastrocnemius as measured by the muscular clearance of NaI131 at rest, during standard exercise conditions, during ten minutes following exercise and in the post-ischaemic phase. The results can be considered satisfactory in both groups, especially after prolonged treatment and in the early stage of the disease. Drug tolerance was very good.
Minerva Med 1985 Sep 22
PMID:[Treatment of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and chronic obliterating arteriopathy of the lower extremities with buflomedil hydrochloride]. 404 47

This study examined the discriminant validity, consistency, and reactivity of afternoon naps for assessing sleep-onset insomnia. Eleven insomniac and 17 noninsomniac subjects came to a sleep laboratory for three afternoon naps while multiple electrophysiological and subjective measures were taken. The results indicated that sleep-onset latencies during the afternoon naps significantly discriminated between insomniac and noninsomniac subjects. Further, significant correlations were found among most measures of sleep-onset latency measured both electrophysiologically and subjectively. The proportion of variance in sleep-onset latency accounted for by groups (insomniac vs. noninsomniac) increased over the three naps. Finally, a comparison of the results from this study with those from three all-night studies using identical facilities and procedures revealed that the sleep-onset latencies from this nap study were within the ranges expected on the basis of the all-night studies.
J Behav Med 1985 Sep
PMID:The utility and validity of daytime naps in the assessment of sleep-onset insomnia. 408 89

Patients in general practice complaining of insomnia of recent origin have been studied in order to ascertain which factors may be of value in the detection of those more susceptible to drug dependence. The type of sleep disturbance was found to be of importance and a personal disturbance scale was found useful as a screening test in two-thirds of the patients. No difference was found in the development of dependence on amylobarbitone and nitrazepam. One of the most important factors in the prevention of drug dependence seems to be frequent review by the doctor after the first prescription and his cautionary advice to the patient.
Br Med J 1972 Sep 09
PMID:Factors leading to dependence on hypnotic drugs. 507 98

In a double-blind, cross-over trial, triazolam (0.25 mg) was tested against flunitrazepam (1 mg) in the typical midwinter insomnia which is often seen among otherwise healthy people in Northern Norway. Each drug was given for five nights, in random order, with a five-night placebo period between the active drugs (providing for a single blind comparison with placebo). A total of 2 outpatients started the trial; 19 completed. There were highly significant differences between each active drug and placebo on the subjectively scored variables sleep latency, duration of sleep, and total evaluation of sleep, and also significant differences for feeling in the morning, number of awakenings, and quality of sleep; all differences were in favour of the active drugs. Generally, the sleep variables were rated on the same level in the placebo period as they were for the last five nights prior to the trial. There were no significant differences between triazolam and flunitrazepam on any variable. However, eight patients stated a preference for triazolam and eight for flunitrazepam. These two groups of patients did not differ significantly with regard to sex, age, previous use of hypnotics, or severity of insomnia. Only three patients complained about side effects. Notably, the feeling of being alert and refreshed in the morning was significantly superior in the active drug periods as against the placebo period. It is concluded that both active drugs were highly effective, with a minimum of side effects, in this type of insomnia and with the relatively low dosage used.
Acta Psychiatr Scand 1981 Sep
PMID:Triazolam (Halcion) versus flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) against midwinter insomnia in Northern Norway. 611 72

Temazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative indicated for the treatment of insomnia. Pharmacokinetic studies of the hard capsule formulation indicate that the mean time to peak is 2.99 hours and the mean elimination half-life is 14.7 hours. Sleep laboratory studies have demonstrated improvements in all sleep parameters except sleep onset latency. Clinically, patients report improvements in all sleep parameters including sleep onset latency. The efficacy of temazepam compares favorably with barbiturates, glutethimide, nitrazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, and flurazepam. It has not been compared with diazepam in the clinical setting. Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and lethargy. The incidence of hangover effects from 15- and 30-mg doses is relatively low. Temazepam has no proven advantages over other benzodiazepine hypnotics. The major issues that need further clarification include temazepam's sleep induction properties and the relative incidence of hangover and rebound insomnia when compared with longer-acting benzodiazepines.
Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1982 Sep
PMID:Temazepam (Restoril, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals). 612 97

The effects of beta-endorphin and of morphine SO4 (0.5 microgram and 2.0 microgram, respectively, injected intraventricularly) upon the sleep-wakefulness behavior of cats were examined. Both agents produced insomnia. Deep slow wave sleep was sharply inhibited, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was entirely suppressed. Light slow wave sleep, occurring in brief, isolated episodes, became the most abundant stage of sleep. The nuchal electromyogram was markedly increased after both agents. Naloxone (100 microgram/kg), injected subcutaneously 30 min before beta-endorphin or morphine SO4, entirely reversed these agents' effects on the two stages of slow wave sleep, and antagonized the exaggerated electromyogram. But naloxone did not counteract the REM-suppressant effect of either beta-endorphin or morphine SO4. Total sleep time reverted towards control values after naloxone pretreatment, but not entirely; the difference may be due to the persistent deficit of REM sleep. The data may indicate an involvement of an inner opioid in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the cat, and may point to a role for more than one endorphin receptor in the effects of opioids on the states of vigilance in cats.
Sleep 1981 Sep
PMID:Effects of beta-endorphin and morphine on the sleep-wakefulness behavior of cats. 627 85


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