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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is widely accepted that the conventional polysomnographic parameters (macrostructure of sleep) supply only rough information for clinical purposes. In particular, they often appear inadequate to support a diagnosis of insomnia or the effectiveness of a hypnotic compound. In the past years, attention has been focused on the microstructure of sleep, and especially on the periodic distribution of arousal-related phasic events known as Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP). This microstructural rhythm is not only a physiological component of normal NREM sleep, but it also appears highly sensitive in the detection of disturbing factors and drug manipulation. Regardless of the specific context, CAP always translates a condition of arousal instability during sleep. Accordingly, the higher the amount of CAP, the poorer the subjective quality of sleep. In young adults, the physiological amount of CAP Rate (percentage ratio of CAP time to NREM sleep time) ranges around 25%, while CAP Rate rises to 55% when sleep is perturbed by continuous white noise (situational insomnia). The analysis of CAP Rate within this framework of situational insomnia is recommended for evaluating the effects of hypnotic drugs under controlled experimental conditions. Therapeutical doses of zolpidem preserve the regular course of sleep both at the macro- and at the microstructural level, when sleep is recorded under basal conditions. In contrast, during acoustic perturbation, zolpidem reduces the pathological amounts of arousal instability by lowering the values of CAP Rate to 38%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of hypnotic drugs on sleep architecture. 789 40

This work aims to investigate sleep microstructure as expressed by Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP), and its possible alterations in pathological sleep. Three groups, of 10 subjects each, are considered: a) normal sleep, b) psychophysiological insomnia, and c) sleep misperception. One night sleep PSG and sleep macro- micro structure annotations were available per subject. The statistical properties and the dynamics of CAP events are in focus. Multiscale and non-linear methods are presented for the analysis of the microstructure event time series, applied for each type of CAP events, and their combination. The results suggest that a) both types of insomnia present CAP differences from normal sleep related to hyperarousal, b) sleep misperception presents more extensive differences from normal, potentially reflecting multiple sleep mechanisms, c) there are differences between the two types of insomnia as regard to the intertwining of events of different subtypes. The analysis constitutes a contribution towards new markers for the quantitative characterization of insomnia, and its subtypes.
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PMID:Insomnia types and sleep microstructure dynamics. 2411 Nov 48

Insomnia is a condition that affects the nervous and muscular system. Thirty percent of the population between 18 and 60 years suffers from insomnia. The effects of this disorder involve problems such as poor school or job performance and traffic accidents. In addition, patients with insomnia present changes in the cardiac function during sleep. Furthermore, the structure of electroencephalographic A-phases, which builds up the Cyclic Alternating Pattern during sleep, is related to the insomnia events. Therefore, the relationship between these brain activations (A-phases) and the autonomic nervous system would be of interest, revealing the interplay of central and autonomic activity during insomnia. With this goal, a study of the relationship between A-phases and heart rate fluctuations is presented. Polysomnography recording of five healthy subjects, five sleep misperception patients and five patients with psychophysiological insomnia were used in the study. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) was used in order to evaluate the heart rate dynamics and this was correlated with the number of A-phases. The results suggest that pathological patients present changes in the dynamics of the heart rate. This is reflected in the modification of A-phases dynamics, which seems to modify of heart rate dynamics.
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PMID:Relation between heart beat fluctuations and cyclic alternating pattern during sleep in insomnia patients. 2557 Apr 35