Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Background/Objective: Mirtazapine has traditionally been used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, with an added benefit in patients who have comorbid insomnia or anxiety. Recent studies describe its usefulness in treating refractory pruritus of various causes as well. Our goal is to better define the use of mirtazapine in the treatment of refractory pruritus. Method: Through a thorough literature review of PubMed, we identified all reports of the use of mirtazapine for pruritus. Results: Upon examination of 8 supporting articles, we found mirtazapine has quality evidence for the treatment of intra-thecal morphine-induced pruritus. Mirtazapine may also be effective in treating pruritus related to various other conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous malignancies (primary or metastatic), hematologic malignancies (lymphomas and leukemias), liver failure, renal failure, cholestasis, as well as pruritus of unknown origin. Conclusions: Mirtazapine plays a role in treatment for intra-thecel morphine-induced pruritis yet high-quality trials are needed to confirm its efficacy in other dermatologic conditions.
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PMID:Defining the role of mirtazapine in the treatment of refractory pruritus. 3118 Jul 95

Introduction: Insomnia has been implicated in the development, maintenance, worsening, and relapse of alcohol use disorder (AUD).Areas covered: The authors review the possible pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options of insomnia for patients with alcohol-use disorder and provide their expert opinion.Expert opinion: Abstinence, or at least a decrease in alcohol use, may improve insomnia symptoms. Second, sleep education is a cornerstone intervention that should be completed by more structured behavioral therapies or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). CBT-I is the recommended first-line treatment of combined insomnia and AUD (high level of evidence). Third, in case of insufficient response or non-availability of CBT-I, pharmacological treatments might be added. In addition, CBT-I may take several weeks to be effective, and these medications could be proposed to patients with severe symptoms or psychiatric comorbidities. Mirtazapine, gabapentin immediate release, and quetiapine exhibit a moderate level of evidence. Melatonin, topimarate, trazodone, and acamprosate, have a low level of evidence. Benzodiazepines and other GABA-A agonists should be avoided. A particular attention should be provided to patients who use alcohol to help fall asleep as a higher risk of relapse exists after stopping treatment.
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PMID:Management of insomnia in alcohol use disorder. 3189 90

To investigate effects of agomelatine and mirtazapine on sleep disturbances in patients with major depressive disorder. A total of 30 depressed patients with sleep disturbances, 27 of which completed the study, took agomelatine or mirtazapine for 8 weeks. Subjective scales were administered, and polysomnography was performed at baseline and at the end of week 1 and 8. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and at the end of week 8. Compared with baseline, scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index after 8 weeks of treatment significantly decreased in both groups, with no significant differences between groups, accompanied by significant increases in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and significant decrease in wake after sleep onset. Mirtazapine treatment increased N3 sleep at week 1 compared with agomelatine treatment, but this difference disappeared at week 8. The increases in the percentage and duration of N3 sleep were positively correlated with increases in connectivity between right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and right precuneus and between left posterior cingulate cortex and right precuneus in both groups, respectively. Functional connectivity (FC) between right dlPFC and left precuneus in mirtazapine group was higher compared with agomelatine group after 8 weeks of treatment. These findings indicated that both agomelatine and mirtazapine improved sleep in depressed patients, and the effect of mirtazapine was greater than agomelatine with regard to rapidly increasing N3 sleep and gradually improving FC in the brain.
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PMID:Effects of agomelatine and mirtazapine on sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder: evidence from polysomnographic and resting-state functional connectivity analyses. 3240 18


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