Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic glucocorticoids in the form of prednisone have been effective in reducing signs and symptoms in a variety of acute and chronic oral inflammatory diseases. In the 101 patients prospectively studied, the benefits from prednisone treatment far outweighed the adverse side effects, which occurred in 61 patients. However, none of the adverse side effects was severe enough to require cessation of the prednisone. The adverse effects, which could be minimized by reducing the dosage in most instances, were primarily related to treatment that persisted for more than two weeks. Fluid retention or bloating was the most common symptom, and insomnia was the chief side effect in those patients receiving short-term treatment (less than two weeks). Blood sugar, blood pressure, weight, and white blood cell counts were not meaningfully altered. Variables in patients' drug response and side effects precluded formulation of precise prednisone dosages that would allow predictive outcomes.
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PMID:Adverse side effects associated with prednisone in the treatment of patients with oral inflammatory ulcerative diseases. 659 Jun 8

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation.
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PMID:Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. 668 67

A menstrual symptom questionnaire was used to assess the incidence of premenstrual tension (PMT) in 1,395 regularly menstruating women not on hormonal contraceptives or any other hormonal therapy during routine visits to a gynecologic clinic. Nineteen symptoms were divided into four PMT subgroups: PMT-A (anxiety, irritability, mood swings, nervous tension), PMT-H (weight gain, swelling of extremities, breast tenderness, abdominal bloating), PMT-C (headache, craving for sweets, increased appetite, heart pounding, fatigue and dizziness or fainting) and PMT-D (depression, forgetfulness, crying, confusion, insomnia). The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 54 years, with a mean +/- S.D. of 32 +/- 8.5 years. Using strict criteria for PMT, 702 patients scored positive for at least one subgroup of PMT, giving an incidence of 50%. When the patients were divided into five-year age groups, a peak incidence of 60% was observed in the third decade of life. The most common PMT subgroups were PMT-A and PMT-H, occurring either alone or in combination. The least common subgroup was PMT-D, occurring in only 12 patients and by itself. The mean cycle length in pure PMT-D patients was significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) than in patients without PMT.
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PMID:The incidence of premenstrual tension in a gynecologic clinic. 689 20

A sample of 400 nurses at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi were interviewed by means of investigator-administered questionnaire to determine the prevalence and some other aspects of premenstrual tension (PMT) amongst them. Premenstrual tension (PMT) syndrome was found in 95.5% of the study group, with mastalgia being the commonest symptom (79.0%) followed by abdominal bloating (75.0%). Some features such as suicidal tendencies, inability to cope, insomnia were found to be rare among them. There was no correlation between age, marital status, parity, or dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual tension. Almost all the nurses with PMT, did not consider it an illness, rather as normal part of their femininity. As a result only 6.5% of them had changed their activities during this period, and only 3.1% had used medication for it. It is concluded that premenstrual tension is prevalent among women in Kenya, and that because of their attitude towards it, the condition does not appear to be associated with any serious morbidity.
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PMID:Premenstrual tension among nurses in Nairobi, Kenya. 830 11

Couvade is a phenomenon, where the expectant father or another relative experiences somatic and/or psychiatric symptoms during a woman's pregnancy. Although epidemiological studies report a frequency of couvade symptoms between 11 and 36% during all pregnancies, psychotic couvade cases are very rare with few case reports. The authors report 2 cases of psychotic couvade and give a psychodynamic interpretation of the cases. They emphasize the important role of ego defect and double identification in the development of the cases. Couvade is a phenomenon, where the expectant father or another relative experiences somatic and/or psychiatric symptoms during a woman's pregnancy. The term couvade was first coined by Tylor in 1865. Somatic symptoms can include indigestion or colic, gastritic symptoms, food cravings, nausea and vomiting, increased or decreased appetite, diarrhea, toothache, headache, itch, muscle tremors, nosebleed or other pains. Abdominal bloating and pseudocyesis have also been reported. Although the psychiatric symptoms most often observed are depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, tension and hypochondria there are some reports on psychotic couvade too. In our article we present 2 cases of psychotic couvade.
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PMID:Psychotic couvade: 2 case reports. 886 58

The effectiveness of pulsed high-dose oral dexamethasone therapy in children with refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is evaluated. Thirteen children with severe chronic ITP were enrolled in the study from an outpatient pediatric hematology clinic (ages 2-14 years), 5 boys and 7 girls. They did not maintain a response to other forms of therapy (IVIg, Anti-D, conventional steroids, danazol) and one girl relapsed after splenectomy. Dexamethasone was administered orally at a dosage of 40 mg/M2/day (maximum 40 mg/day) for 4 consecutive days. The cycle was repeated once a month for 6 months. The immediate response to therapy was excellent as the mean platelet count at day 1 was 15 x 10(9)/L, while mean platelet count at day 4 was 158 x 10(9)/L. At the end of 6 cycles 3 patients maintained a platelet count of >150 x 10(9)/L and 4 patients showed partial response. At the end of the first year and second year (12 and 24 months after onset of treatment) 3 patients still had complete response, 3 patients had partial response, and 7 patients were failures. Six of the failures underwent splenectomy and one was shifted to dapsone, had no response, and refused splenectomy. Side effects were tolerable. They included bloating, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, anxiety, and depression, and transient glucosuria; however, they were not severe enough to discontinue the cycles. Mean duration of illness prior to start of dexamethasone was not significantly different in between responders and nonresponders. Dexamethasone given orally in high doses is an effective drug in achieving short-term platelet responses. Long-term remission is obtained in nearly half the patients with well-established chronic ITP. Its effectiveness in almost half the patients, minimal side effects, and low cost indicate that this treatment should be considered in patients with chronic ITP who do not tolerate the disease well before considering splenectomy.
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PMID:Pulsed high-dose dexamethasone therapy in children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 1207 64

Menstruation is a biological phenomenon that has been subject of myths and taboos within and among various cultures. These myths distort the reality surrounding menstruation and create ambivalent feelings about the value and usefulness of this function outside of its necessity as mean of reproduction. Thus studies concerning menstruation need to take into account cultural and psychosocial factors that define the meaning, values and behavior associated with this biological phenomenon. According to several studies, 70% of women experience psychological faintness during this menstrual phase, 40% of them have these symptoms at each menstruation and between 3 to 8% of them suffer severely reacquiring medical support. This entity called premenstrual dysphoric disorder is defined by the presence of several symptoms (distress, tension, irritability, moodiness.) with a significant impairment in work or social functioning beginning during the week before and ending within a few days after the onset of menses. Several studies conducted over the past few years suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotoninergic tricyclic drugs may be more effective than other types of antidepressants in treating PMS symptoms. Two protocols are proposed; a continuous treatment or intermittent use during few days during pre-menstrual and menstrual phase for several cycles. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of a potential premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) during one menstrual cycle, in a representative sample of general population of Casablanca, according the DSM IV criteria. On the other hand, a questionnaire, available from the authors, was used to explore socio-demographic data. Among 618 women interviewed, 310 met the criteria of a potential PMDD (50.2%). The mean age of the population with PMDD was 32.2 8 years ranging from 20 to 50 years; 54.8% of them were married, 33.9% of them were single and 66.5% of them had between 1 to 4 children. Two third of them were without a professional activity. During this premenstrual phase the following symptoms were found among the whole sample: marked depressive mood, feeling of hopelessness, or self-depreciation thoughts (77.7%, n=241%); difficulty of concentration (65%, n=201); marked change in appetite, overeating or specific food craving (82.8%, n=256); marked affective lability, with sadness tearful and increased sensitivity to rejection (65.8%, n=204); hypersomnia or insomnia (59.7%, n=185); subjective sense of being overwhelmed or out of control (55.7%, n=172); lethargy, excessive fatigability (91.6%, n=283); physical symptoms including breast tenderness, swelling, headache, joint or muscular pain, and a sensation of bloating and weight gain (81.9%, n=253). The most severe symptoms were fatigue and irritability. On the other hand, 73.9% of the sample had a disturbance in their socio-professional lives as a consequence to the psychological disturbances. Half of these women consulted a physician, mostly a general practitioner. These data are in accordance with the literature, confirming that this disorder is common and has a bad impact on mental health and on quality of life of the women suffering from PMDD.
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PMID:[Assessment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms: population of women in Casablanca]. 1250 65

The overweight and obesity represent severe problems for the health management system of developed countries. In the evolution of obesity, beside genetic background, the environmental factors also play important roles. In the daily routine, the majority of obese patients need drug treatment, over the diet and physical activity. Among the available medicines the inhibitors of monoamine re-uptake causes dry mouth, tachycardia, sleeplessness and elevated blood pressure, therefore, due to the frequently associated obesity and hypertension many physicians avoid using these compounds. The orlistat as a selective inhibitor of pancreatic and enteral lipase enzymes impedes the absorption of the highest calorie containing nutrients, the fats exerting beneficial effects in the treatment of obesity. The abdominal bloating and diarrhea as side effects of the drug may act as an advantage in many cases, since these happen especially in those cases when the patient neglects the previously suggested low fat diet and therefore the drug induced diarrhea and bloating may mean a feed-back for the patient in respect of the proper diet. Recent studies show many beneficial biochemical changes in obesity related pathological metabolic processes during the administration of orlistat. The authors, in their present work review in short the role of orlistat in the treatment of slimming cure.
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PMID:[The role of orlistat in the treatment of obesity]. 1581 87

Mental illness by which psychosis is meant here is known to be caused mainly by imbalances of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. But, what is causing these imbalances? There has been a recent flurry of interest focusing on the possibility of parasitical disease. The appropriateness of this is based on the fact that organisms of the animal kingdom produce the same neurotransmitters. In fact stinging insects release them in their venoms. The proposal here is that insect larval parasites acting on the human brain and body may release such neurotransmitters and cause imbalances and altered mental states and is supported by the occurrence of previously unexplained physical symptoms such as; diarrhoea, constipation, spasms, anaemia, bloating, insomnia, headache, migraine, weight loss, low blood pressure, low grade fever, amnesia and signs of allergy which may accompany mental illness. Some of these symptoms have been previously attributed to the medications prescribed to alleviate the psychotic symptoms but, many are also parasitical signs. It is proposed that the minute larvae may make sudden movements and may be highly motile and may move from pressure, hence evading the phlebotomist's needle. There is also the testimony of those with delusional parasitosis and related addictions, I propose the regularity with which humans are bitten, stung and have their foods infected with insects at all stages as a demonstration of how insectal disease may have the potential for common infection and disease; mental and physical.
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PMID:Myiasis (fly disease) and insectal disease generally are causing mental illness. 2372 91

There is no consensus as to what symptoms or quality-of-life (QOL) domains should be measured as patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in ovarian cancer clinical trials. A panel of experts convened by the National Cancer Institute reviewed studies published between January 2000 and August 2011. The results were included in and combined with an expert consensus-building process to identify the most salient PROs for ovarian cancer clinical trials. We identified a set of PROs specific to ovarian cancer: abdominal pain, bloating, cramping, fear of recurrence/disease progression, indigestion, sexual dysfunction, vomiting, weight gain, and weight loss. Additional PROs identified in parallel with a group charged with identifying the most important PROs across cancer types were anorexia, cognitive problems, constipation, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatigue, nausea, neuropathy, pain, and insomnia. Physical and emotional domains were considered to be the most salient domains of QOL. Findings of the review and consensus process provide good support for use of these ovarian cancer-specific PROs in ovarian cancer clinical trials.
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PMID:Recommended patient-reported core set of symptoms and quality-of-life domains to measure in ovarian cancer treatment trials. 2566 93


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