Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten patients with chronic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) received short-term oral therapy with N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) to determine its antiarrhythmic efficacy and side effects under the conditions of a placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. NAPA was effective in suppressing PVCs in 8 patients but caused a paradoxical increase in PVC frequency in one. Results were equivocal in the remaining patient because PVCs did not recur when NAPA therapy was withdrawn. Mean NAPA plasma levels as high as 41.1 microng/ml did not have untoward hypotensive or myocardial depressant effects, as judged by electrocardiographic and systolic time intervals. There was, in fact, a consistent reduction in PEP/LVET ratio, indicating that NAPA increases the force of myocardial contraction. The mean NAPA elimination half-life of 10.9 hr was longer than the 6.2 hr half-life reported for normal subjects, but its prolongation was predictably correlated with reductions in creatinine clearance. Gastrointestinal side effects experienced by 3 patients and insomnia noted by 2 patients are similar to known adverse reactions to procainamide.
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PMID:Dose-ranging trial of N-acetylprocainamide in patients with premature ventricular contractions. 32 22

The response of chronic insomniacs to 100 mg pentobarbital, 300 mg methyprylon, 500 mg glutethimide, and placebo was assessed using our previously described subjective and objective techniques. The purpose of the study was to examine (1) the presence or absence of the subjects' reported insomnia; (2) the subjects' ability to discriminate between active hypnotic drugs and placebo; and (3) whether any preference existed among active medications. Statistically significant findings included a high degree of correlation (P less than 0.001) between subjective and objective data and greater response to active medications as compared to placebo shown on all parameters except objective onset of sleep. In no case was there significant difference between the two nights of placebo. Although methyprylon was most frequently superior to placebo, there was no significant patient preference for any of the active medications.
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PMID:A subjective and objective method assessing the efficacy of hypnotic medications in insomniacs. 33 52

The first thioxanthene derivative without the double bind up to now considered mandatory for the antipsychotic effect, teflutixol, was administered in a phase II pilot efficacy trial to acute or subacute psychotic inpatients (mean age 36,1) during at least 5 weeks at a dosage of 3 to 20 mg p.d. once a day. The patients were abruptly switched from a haloperidol baseline therapy, which was administered on an average for 3 weeks at 15 mg p.d. Preliminary results are reported for the first 11 patients on a purely clinical basis. Despite the limitations of a small sample and of a qualitative analysis of data, it is hypothesized that teflutixol is a potent and original neuroleptic drug combining at 6 mg p.d. or less potent antidelusional, hallucinolytic and antiautistic effects. Latency and duration of action approximate 2 days. At 6 mg and above appear side-effects of the desinhibiting type (anxious and/or aggressive mood, withdrawal, flaring up of delusions, insomnia, agitation) and extrapyramidal side-effects of the akathisia type. No adrenolytic, anticholinergic or toxic effects were prominent. The patient followed up for the longest period (6 months on 3 mg p.d.) has not relapsed and has normal liver functions.
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PMID:[Preliminary note on the antiautistic, antidelusional and hallucinolytic effect of teflutixol (author's transl)]. 33 57

Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in humans lie on a continuum of increasing severity, from the acute hangover to delirium tremens. Early mild reactions consist primarily of hyperexcitability phenomena such as tremor, insomnia, hyperreflexia and hyperventilation. In more severe degree, the same process gives rise to hallucinations and seizures. These early reactions are mimicked closely by alcohol withdrawal signs in experimental animals. Late reactions in humans are characterized by marked sympathetic nervous system overactivity, profound disorientation and hallucinations. Analogous reactions have not yet been observed clearly in other species. The problem may be one of finding appropriate techniques for detecting such changes, rather than a true species difference in their occurrence.
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PMID:Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the human: comparison with animal models. 33 82

1. The clinical efficacy of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound, was compared with imipramine and placebo in 47 hospitalized depressed patients. 2. The clinical ratings showed that the three treatment groups improved equivalently during hospitalization. 3. Plasma levels of mianserin correlated with changes in the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression, total score and two of its factors (anxiety/somatization, and retardation) and the item 'late insomnia'. 4. Drowsiness was a more frequent side-effect among mianserin patients on day 4; no other side-effect distinguished the treatments. 5. No relationship between MHPG levels and treatment or treatment outcome were observed.
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PMID:Clinical study of mianserin, imipramine and placebo in depression: blood level and MHPG correlations. 34 42

A prospective, double-blind, randomized comparison of propranolol, 40 mg three times daily, and matching placebo showed propranolol to be no more effective than placebo in controlling hot flushes in a group of 25 perimenopausal women. Other menopausal symptoms, such as insomnia and palpitations, were equally unaffected. However, a very close correlation was found between the daily atmospheric temperature and the number of flushes occurring in the group.
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PMID:A study of the effectiveness of propranolol in menopausal hot flushes. 35 Feb 62

A 16-week, standard-controlled, double-blind study was conducted to compare the efficacy of butaclamol with that of fluphenazine in the treatment of 24 newly admitted schizophrenic patients. Statistically significant improvement occurred in the entire population in the total scores of the BPRS and PAS; in the activation, anergia, thought disturbance and hostile/suspiciousness factor scores of the BPRS; and in the scores of 9 of the 12 factors of the PAS. There were no statistically significant differences between the scores of the two treatment groups on the total or factor scores of either scale during the course of the clinical trial. The most frequently occurring adverse effects in the butaclamol group were rigidity, akathisia and excitement/agitation. The most frequently occurring adverse effects in the fluphenazine group were insomnia, decreased motor activity and tremor. It is concluded that butaclamol exerts potent neuroleptic effects on schizophrenic patients.
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PMID:Butaclamol in the treatment of schizophrenia. A standard-controlled clinical trial. 35 81

Thirty-eight obese patients, resistant to conventional diet therapy, agreed to consume a 1.09 MJ (260 kcal)/day semi-synthetic diet consisting of 25 g egg albumin, 40 g oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, and were seen weekly as outpatients for eight weeks. At the beginning, the semi-synthetic diet was given with either the anorectic drug, mazindol (2 mg/day) or a placebo for four weeks and then changed over for the remaining four weeks; the study being conducted on a double-blind basis. The final treatment was a 4.2 MJ (1000 KCAL) conventional diet for a further four weeks without drug or placebo. Twenty-five patients completed the first eight weeks and 21 patients the final four weeks of the trial. The total mean weight losses were as follows: week 4, 9.3 kg; week 8, 13.7 kg; week 12, 12.2 kg. There was no significant difference in weight loss between mazindol treatment and placebo but the former group reported feeling less hungry. The chief side-effects observed were dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, insomnia and depression which were more frequent with mazindol. Six patients had to stop mazindol because of side-effects, but were able to continue the diet alone. It is concluded that a semi-synthetic diet containing 1.09 MJ (260 kcal) daily can be successfully employed in the treatment of obese outpatients, and is a practical therapeutic alternative to admission to hospital. There is no clinical advantage to be gained by the additional use of the anorectic drug, mazindol.
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PMID:A double-blind trial of mazindol using a very low calorie formula diet. 36 31

Over the years, oxazepam has distinguished itself clinically from other benzodiazepines by virtue of its excellent tolerance. Recent research suggests that this is due to metabolic and pharmacokinetic differences rather than an intrinsically more favourable toxic-to-therapeutic dosage ratio. Because of its excellent tolerance, dosage is very flexible, and it is, therefore, possible to utilize oxazepam in a wide spectrum of anxiety-related disorders including the psychoses. The use of oxazepam in anxiety neurosis, depressive neurosis, psychotic disorders, alcoholism, and insomnia is discussed.
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PMID:The clinical activity of oxazepam. 36 60

During the last four years we have used a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking substance, ICI 66.082 (atenolol or Tenormin), alone or in combination with other drugs for treatment of hypertension in a total of 104 patients, including 15 with a chronic obstructive lung disease. Fifty-one patients started treatment with atenolol because of side-effects--especially from the central nervous system--during previous treatment with non-selective beta-blockers, mostly propranolol (Inderal). Mean duration of treatment was 16 months (range 8--36) and mean dosage 163 mg/day. In 18 patients treatment with Tenormin was withdrawn, but only in 10 of them could this be referred to side-effects. Of the 51 patients who complained of or showed side-effects from another beta-blocker, 80% were improved after changing to Tenormin. Of the patients with side-effects from the central nervous system, 73% improved, especially those who complained of nightmares, hallucinations, insomnia or mild depression.
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PMID:Long-term clinical experience with atenolol--a new selective beta-1-blocker with few side-effects from the central nervous system. 36 88


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