Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose was to measure the effects of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting (PCNV) on health-related quality of life (HQL) in patients receiving either moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The study sample consisted of 832 chemotherapy-naive patients with cancer who received either moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy as part of multicenter trials of new antiemetics. The patients completed the self-report European Organization for Research and Cancer (EORTC) core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) before chemotherapy (baseline) and 1 week (day 8) and 2-4 weeks after chemotherapy. They also completed a self-report nausea and vomiting (NV) diary for 5-7 days after chemotherapy. To determine the effects of PCNV on HQL, the change in scores between the baseline and day 8 HQL assessments was calculated for each domain and symptom in the QLQ-C30 and compared in four subgroups of patients: those with both nausea and vomiting, those with nausea but no vomiting, those with no nausea but with vomiting, and those with neither nausea nor vomiting. The group with both nausea and vomiting showed statistically significantly worse physical, cognitive and social functioning, global quality of life, fatigue, anorexia, insomnia and dyspnea as compared to the group with neither nausea nor vomiting (0.0001 < P < 0.05). Patients with only nausea but no vomiting tended to have less worsening in functioning and symptoms than those having both nausea and vomiting. Increased severity of vomiting (> 2 episodes) was associated with worsening of only global quality of life and anorexia as compared with 1-2 episodes of vomiting (0.0001 < P < 0.01). By 2-4 weeks after chemotherapy all HQL scores had either returned to their baseline levels or were better than baseline. PCNV adversely affects several quality-of-life domains, but patients with only nausea experience less disruption than do those with both nausea and vomiting. Patients with 1-2 episodes of vomiting experience almost the same degree of disruption of HQL as do patients with more than 2 episodes of vomiting.
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PMID:Effect of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting on health-related quality of life. The Quality of Life and Symptom Control Committees of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. 925 27

One hundred and seven adult outpatients with Leriche stage II peripheral occlusive arterial disease took part in this open, controlled trial. Patients were randomly treated over a six-month period either with sulodexide capsules containing 250 lipoproteinlipase releasing units (LRU, two capsules twice daily for 176 days on average: 56 patients), or with pentoxifylline 400 mg tablets (one tablet three times a day for 180 days on average: 51 patients). The incidences of diabetes, hyperlipoproteinaemias, smoking habit and other risk factors were the same in the two groups. The drugs' efficacies were evaluated by monitoring, at the start of treatment and every month during it, the Winsor Index and the walking distance, both prior to (initial claudication distance-IDC) and after (absolute claudication distance-ACD) the symptom's onset. Compliance with treatment and occurrence of adverse events were constantly monitored; systemic tolerability was evaluated through the use of routine haematological and haematochemical tests. Both treatments brought about a progressive increase in the claudication-free walking distance, statistically significant versus baseline from the second month (ACD, sulodexide group) and third month (ACD and ICD, pentoxifilline and sulodexide groups). At the end of treatment, the absolute increase of ACD was significantly greater in sulodexide-treated patients (p < 0.01) with respect to the pentoxifylline-treated group. In both groups the Doppler test evidenced a good improvement in local arterial haemodynamics. In the sulodexide group, 3.6% of patients developed nausea, dyspepsia and other minor gastrointestinal phenomena. In the pentoxifylline group 17.6% of patients complained of gastroenteric disorders (nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia), or of headache and dizziness. In one patient of this latter group insomnia was also present. Systemic tolerance of both drugs was consistently good.
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PMID:Controlled clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of oral sulodexide in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease. 932 92

The efficacies of granisetron plus dexamethasone and granisetron alone in controlling nausea and vomiting during two consecutive cycles of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy given for up to 5 days were compared in a two-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. In all, 110 evaluable patients received either dexamethasone, 20 mg i.v., or matching placebo, plus open-label granisetron, 3 mg i.v., given on each chemotherapy day. At cycle 2, patients crossed over to the alternative treatment; 72 patients completed the crossover. In these 72 patients, the complete response rates over 24 h for granisetron plus dexamethasone and granisetron plus placebo in cycle 1 were 87% and 70% (ns), respectively. In cycle 2 the complete response rates over 24 h were 73% and 62% (ns). Combining the two cycles, the complete response rates over 24 h were 80.6% (granisetron plus dexamethasone) and 65.3% (granisetron plus placebo; P = 0.015). Granisetron plus dexamethasone was significantly more effective in terms of times to less than complete response (P = 0.041), to first episode of moderate/severe nausea (P = 0.04), to first episode of vomiting (0.03) and to use of rescue medication (P = 0.02). Adverse events tended to be minor, with asthenia and insomnia the most common. Of those patients who expressed a preference, 67% preferred granisetron plus dexamethasone (P < 0.05). A single dose of dexamethasone added to granisetron thus enhances the efficacy of granisetron alone in preventing nausea and vomiting after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
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PMID:A double-blind crossover study comparing prophylactic intravenous granisetron alone or in combination with dexamethasone as antiemetic treatment in controlling nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. 938 22

Several children have day surgery under general anaesthesia and depend on adult relatives for support and postoperative care at home. This prospective review examines the post operative problems encountered by 62 such children from the time of discharge from hospital to the first outpatient visit. The children were in the age range 3 months to 12 years. The commonest complications reported were:- Pain (18.9%), Cough/Sore throat (18.9%), Fever (16.2%), Restlessness (13.5%), Vomiting (12.2%), and Sleeplessness (6.7%). Eight patients reported more than three complications each. Day case surgery should not be regarded as "Minor Surgery" under Minor Anaesthesia", rather, the concerns for safety and comfort of the patients should extend beyond the recovery room to the ward and home.
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PMID:Complications following day case paediatric surgery. 947 57

Preclinical investigations with grepafloxacin showed that its toxicological profile is similar to that of other fluoroquinolones. The photosensitizing effect of grepafloxacin was relatively weak and similar to that of ciprofloxacin. Grepafloxacin did not cause convulsions in mice when administered in conjunction with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug fenbufen. Intravenous injection of grepafloxacin caused transient dysrhythmias in rabbits at a dosage of 10 mg/kg and ventricular tachycardia at 30 mg/kg iv. Joint cartilage lesions were found in juvenile dogs after iv treatment with 100 mg/kg daily. Plasma concentrations (19-24 mg/L) under these conditions were approximately ten times above a therapeutic level. Data derived from patients who had been treated with grepafloxacin in phase II and phase III multiple-dose studies (400 mg, n = 1069; 600 mg, n = 925) were available for an analysis of the patients' tolerance of the drug. The most common adverse events observed for the 400 mg and 600 mg treatments during these studies were gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea (11% and 15%, respectively), vomiting (1% and 6%) and diarrhoea (3% and 4%). In both groups a considerable number of patients (9% and 17%) reported an unpleasant taste; this was less common in the pooled controls (1%) after treatment with drugs such as doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, amoxycillin or cefixime. Headache occurred in 4% (400 mg) and 5% (600 mg) and insomnia in 1% (400 mg) or 2% (600 mg) of the patients. Similar incidences were found for photosensitivity (1% and 2%, respectively) and for rash (1% and 2%) in the 400 mg and 600 mg groups. So far, tolerance of the new compound seems to be similar to that of other fluoroquinolones. However, incidences of nausea, vomiting and unpleasant taste were rather high during the first clinical trials, particularly after treatment with 600 mg daily. Further data are necessary for a sound evaluation of the tolerance of grepafloxacin.
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PMID:Safety profile of grepafloxacin compared with other fluoroquinolones. 948 77

Central nervous system (CNS) - related symptoms occur in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). To study the CNS and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (NE), the European type of HFRS, we included 26 patients in a prospective study. Most common CNS-related symptoms were headache (96%), insomnia (83%), vertigo (79%), nausea (79%), and vomiting (71%). Ophthalmic symptoms were reported by 82% of patients; 41% had photophobia and 50% had impaired vision. A transient loss of vision was recorded in one patient, who also had a generalized seizure. Minor white matter lesions were found in about half of the patients investigated with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electroencephalography (EEG) showed severe alterations in only one patient, and slight and reversible patterns in another two patients. Neopterin, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were elevated, which may indicate immune activation. However, we found no evidence of intrathecal NE virus replication. We conclude that CNS-related symptoms are common in NE, and transient ophthalmic involvement can be demonstrated in about half of the patients.
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PMID:Central nervous system and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (European type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome). 957 Jun 45

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC or Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup-syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive form of liver disease, which usually becomes manifest in childhood. Characteristic are recurrent episodes of jaundice and itching of different duration. Number and duration of episodic attack and asymptomatic period develop individually. For diagnosis of BRIC following criteria are proposed: At least three episodes of severe jaundice and pruritus with biochemical evidence of cholestasis, normal intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts on cholangiography, absence of a factor known to produce intrahepatic cholestasis and symptom-free intervals of several months or years. Often the diagnosis of BRIC is made very late and patients have to suffer invasive investigations (explorative laparotomy). Because of the unknown pathophysiological mechanism there is no specific treatment. We report on a 53-year-old patient with jaundice, severe pruritus, vomiting, loss of hair and weight, extreme sleeplessness and intractable cough. At the onset of the attack an increase of serum bilirubin concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase was observed, whereas aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were normal. Histological findings of liver biopsy revealed accumulation of bile plugs in bile canaliculi. The long-term follow-up of our patient confirms that the prognosis is good.
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PMID:[Follow-up of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome) over 46 years]. 965 5

One hundred patients admitted to an acute hospice/palliative care unit in a U.S. teaching hospital were evaluated using a standardized data acquisition tool that assessed the presence of physical symptoms and attitudes concerning admission to such a specialty unit. Patients entering the unit between June 1995 and October 1995 completed the tool within 24 hours of admission. Symptoms reported were fatigue in 81 patients, anorexia in 70, dyspnea in 61, xerostomia in 58, cough in 52, pain in 49, confusion in 37, depression in 37, constipation in 35, nausea in 30, insomnia in 23, and vomiting in 22. Of the 59 patients and family/friends that responded to the question "How do you feel about hospice care?", 53 gave a positive response. When asked about the best aspects of the unit, the most common response related to the care the patient and family received (23 responses, 39%). We conclude that patients admitted to an acute inpatient hospice/palliative care unit have multiple symptoms and a high degree of satisfaction with the environment.
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PMID:Symptoms and attitudes of 100 consecutive patients admitted to an acute hospice/palliative care unit. 984 25

The Philippines' Department of Health believes that up to 90% of children in the country could be prone to poor physical and mental development because the problem of intestinal worms has gone largely unchecked. A nationwide study conducted over 10 years by the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports found a prevalence of 50-90% in children aged 2-14 years. Up to 30% of the population of 22 million children may have 1 or more of the 3 most common types of soil transmitted helminths: roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm. Infection with such worms through ingestion, skin penetration, or both, often affects children's performance in school because it can stunt growth, decrease physical activity, and cause poor physical and mental development. The most common symptoms of worm infestation are pain, enlargement of the abdomen, loss of appetite and weight, vomiting, insomnia, and irregular respiration. Worms thrive in tropical climates and are endemic to many developing countries. Infestation, however, is easily dealt with; 1 dose of albendazole given once per year for 3 years is enough to eradicate worms in a child. A pilot project launched last year in 2 villages in Aurora province in northern Luzon has thus far yielded encouraging results.
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PMID:Intestinal worms impair child health in the Philippines. 991 19

Symptoms can markedly influence the hemodialysis patients well-being and quality of life. The aim of this paper is to study the frequency of symptoms at home and how these relate to biochemical and treatment variables. Seventy-three hemodialysis patients were questioned on the absence, occasional presence or daily recurrence (score = 0, 1, 2) of 14 symptoms and a record was made of their biochemical parameters, age, time on treatment and KtIV as a function of each symptom. The following relationships were detected: thirst with high Osm and BUN; asthenia with old age and hypoalbuminemia; insomnia with hypercalcemia; hypersomnia with hypoxemia and hypernatremia; anorexia with hypokalemia; dyspnea with old age, hypernatremia and hypokalemia; dysgeusia with hypoxemia; nausea with alkalemia, hypoxemia and low BUN; vomiting with alkalemia. Pruritus, arthralgia, restless legs syndrome, cramp and tremor showed no relationships. Monitoring acid-base balance and plasma electrolytes could help to alleviate symptoms and ameliorate quality of life of hemodialysis patients.
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PMID:Symptoms in hemodialysis patients and their relationship with biochemical and demographic parameters. 998 55


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