Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the value of high-dose dexamethasone therapy in preventing the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects of chemotherapy, a randomized double-blind study was conducted in women receiving outpatient therapy for breast cancer. Single-dose dexamethasone sodium phosphate (10 mg) or placebo was administered intravenously in 57 trials in 22 women immediately before chemotherapy. Questionnaires (administered before therapy and 24 hours later) were compared for evidence of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia produced by chemotherapy. No GI intolerance to chemotherapy was noted in 24 (83%) of the 29 dexamethasone trials v 16 (57%) of the 28 placebo trials. Dexamethasone trials produced the following results: no side effects in 50% (14/29), insomnia the night after chemotherapy in 21% (6/29), an increase in energy levels in 24% (7/29), and an improvement in mood in 14% (4/29). High-dose dexamethasone therapy has useful application in alleviating the emetic effects of cancer chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone therapy in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 634 9

Bupropion, a specific dopamine reuptake inhibitor, was compared to amitriptyline in two multicenter studies involving 183 depressed outpatients and inpatients. Initial results from these ongoing studies provide additional evidence of the antidepressant activity of bupropion. At the end of the treatment periods (6 weeks for inpatients and 13 weeks for outpatients), bupropion appeared to be at least as effective as amitriptyline. However, bupropion exerted a slightly but nonsignificantly smaller overall therapeutic effect than amitriptyline during the first 4 weeks of drug treatment. Slight weight loss and dopaminergic side effects, such as insomnia, nausea/vomiting, and anorexia, were somewhat more common among bupropion-treated patients. Compared to bupropion, amitriptyline induced more weight gain and had more anticholinergic, antihistaminic, and antiadrenergic side effects. In view of its numerous sites of action, amitriptyline does not appear to be the ideal antidepressant. It remains to be demonstrated whether bupropion has any advantage over secondary amine tricyclic antidepressants, such as nortriptyline and desipramine.
 ...
PMID:Bupropion and amitriptyline in the treatment of depressed patients. 640 40

Praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]++ +isoquinolin- 4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) has been used in 4853 patients with Opisthorchis viverrini infection. 786 patients were treated as inpatients with extensive clinical evaluation and the rest were out-patients. A cure rate (evaluated with 5 faecal samples) of 100% was obtained in groups given 6 X 25 mg/kg on 2 days and 3 X 25 mg/kg on 1 day, while in groups given 2 X 25 mg/kg, 1 X 25 mg/kg and 1 X 40 mg/kg all on 1 day the cure rates were 88, 44 and 91%, respectively. With one sample evaluation the parasitological cure rate was 96% in further 96 patients excreting the geometric mean (GM) of 5394 eggs per gram (EPG) and receiving 1 X 40 mg/kg. Another 68 patients with an egg output of 26044 (GM/EPG) and treated with 1 X 50 mg/kg showed a cure rate of 97% by similar evaluation. Side effects were mild and transient and were more frequent in higher dosage groups. They included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, epigastric pain, rumbling in the abdomen, diarrhoea, lassitude, myalgia, headache, dizziness, sleeplessness, sleepiness, "hot sensation", shortness of breath, and skin rash in a few cases. Headache (30.7%) was most common in the 6 X 25 mg/kg group. In 53 patients with severe jaundice the side effects were similar. There was no evidence of toxicity. Remarkable was one patient treated with 1 X 50 mg/kg who expelled 5636 O. viverrini worms, most of which were elongated and damaged. When a single dose is prescribed it should be given at bed time to reduce the side effect of sedation.
 ...
PMID:Opisthorchis viverrini: clinical experience with praziquantel in Hospital for Tropical Diseases. 654 86

After organic disease had been excluded as far as possible by clinical examination, including laboratory tests, analysis of faeces, and X-ray examination or endoscopy of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, 61 patients were given either 50 mg trimipramine at bedtime or identically looking coded placebo in a prospective study for 4 weeks. The complaints were graded on an analogue scale by both the patients and the physicians. The results showed that the complaint scores were significantly reduced to about half in the placebo group. In the group treated with trimipramine a significantly greater reduction was found for the scores of vomiting, sleeplessness, depression, and for the mucus content of stools. The scores for tiredness during treatment had decreased less in the group receiving trimipramine than in the one receiving placebo. These improvements occurred already during the first week of treatment. No adverse side effect was recorded.
 ...
PMID:The effect of trimipramine in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind study. 676 Mar 79

In a blind cross-over study, 12 patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VPC's; Lown Grades II-IVB) resistant to a daily dose of quinidine 1.2 g, disopyramide 0.8 g, N-propyl-ajmaline 0.1 g were randomly given, each dose for one week, placebo (PL), mexiletine (MEX; 400, 600, 800 mg daily) and lorcainide (LOR; 200, 300, 400 mg daily). On the last day of each treatment period, patients were evaluated by 24-h continuous ambulatory monitoring, 6-channel surface ECG, plasma concentrations and side-effects. During PL I (before) and PL II (after drug treatment), the mean number of VPCs per hour was 670 and 701. VPCs were reduced in 5 of the 12 patients with MEX by 43% (400 mg), 74% (600 mg) and 91% (800 mg). VPCs were reduced in 10 patients with LOR by 60% (200 mg), 78% (300 mg) and 93% (400 mg). Log. lin. plasma conc. effect relationships were constructed for MEX and LOR. Vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain were seen in 2 patients with MEX; insomnia and feeling heat in 10 patients with LOR. At the end of the LOR-treatment, these side-effects were less in 5 and absent in 5 patients. In this study, LOR seems superior to MEX in refractory ventricular arrhythmias.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the antiarrhythmic activity of mexiletine and lorcainide on ventricular arrhythmias. 703 60

In summary, procainamide is a useful agent for suppressing premature depolarization frequency. Its short half-life of elimination requires a dosing frequency of every 3 hours with regular dosage forms or every 6-8 hours with a sustained action dosage. Because of the extreme unpredictability of plasma concentration, the dosage must be titrated in each patient with electrocardiographic monitoring serving as the most useful method of evaluating efficacy. Maximum and minimum plasma concentrations are helpful in monitoring the achievement of therapeutic plasma levels and adjusting the frequency of dosing, especially in the presence of impaired renal function or low cardiac output. Adverse effects of procainamide include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, insomnia, visual hallucinations, and disorientation; these are minor and cease with discontinuation of the drug. Agranulocytosis has rarely been reported. Long-term treatment has resulted in the occurrence of a lupus-like syndrome that is reversible when the drug is stopped. Procainamide is excreted in breast milk and infants of mothers receiving procainamide should not be nursed.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of a sustained release procainamide preparation. 703 27

The efficacy of metaproterenol (orciprenaline) and theophylline given orally at currently recommended doses was examined in 34 children with chronic asthma using a randomized double-blind cross-over evaluation of four weeks' duration for each active regimen. No serious adverse effects were seen with either medication, but tremor occurred more frequently with metaproterenol (P less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of nausea, vomiting, headache, or insomnia (P greater than 0.05). Symptoms of wheezing, coughing, exercise intolerance, and interference with sleep were more frequently associated with the oral metaproterenol regimen; completely asymptomatic days occurred 50% more frequently in association with theophylline therapy (P less than 0.01). Mean peak flows, performed twice daily during each of the four-week study periods, were 86 and 92% of predicted for metaproterenol and theophylline, respectively (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary function decreased significantly less with theophylline than with metaproterenol among those who completed six minutes of treadmill exercise during both regimens (P less than 0.05). Corticosteroids, used for acute symptoms that failed to respond to the addition of inhaled metaproterenol, were required in four patients during both regimens, in ten patients only during the metaproterenol regimen, and in one patient only during the theophylline regimen (P less than 0.02). Thus, theophylline therapy was associated with fewer adverse effects, fewer symptoms of asthma, better pulmonary function, better exercise tolerance, and less requirements for corticosteroids than was treatment with metaproterenol.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of orally administered metaproterenol and theophylline in the control of chronic asthma. 704 7

In a double-blind clinical trial with 20 patients suffering from endogenous depression statistically significant changes (improvement) were present in the scores of all assessment instruments. Although no statistically significant differences occurred between the groups, significant improvement on the HAM-D occurred earlier for amitriptyline and significant improvement occurred earlier on HAM-A for viloxazine. 2 patients were discontinued due to adverse reactions; one for nausea and vomiting while receiving viloxazine and one for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia while receiving amitriptyline. The same number of TES occurred for each group with seven unique to viloxazine (numbness, tingling, palpitation, ejaculation difficulty, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain and gustatory disturbances) and seven unique to amitriptyline (insomnia, irritability, syncope, tremor, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypertension and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia). Other than for 1 patient who developed syncope and orthostatic hypotension and the patient who developed paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, there were no clinically significant changes in pulse rate, blood pressure and weight. There were no clinical laboratory findings with either drug that were judged to be pathological.
 ...
PMID:Viloxazine in the treatment of endogenous depression. A standard (amitriptyline) controlled clinical study. 718 72

We prospectively studied side effects about 54 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with 3 to 10 MIU a day of interferon (IFN) alpha, which was administrated for 16 to 24 weeks. Every day, all of them wrote down every symptoms, by themselves, during its treatment. Any symptoms occurred in all patients and each incidence of symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, anorexia, arthalgia, myalgia, chill, itching, insomnia, nausea, numbness of hand and foot, irritability, diarrhea, eye ball pain, vomiting, were all higher than those which have been reported by some papers in Japan. So, it was considered that the symptom self-wrighting method by patient was useful to evaluate the entity of side effects. Furthermore, we studied 26 patients, who discontinued IFN treatment because of side effects and analyzed the background factors. Each incidence of symptoms of these patients were not always compatible to those incidences. But by observation of those symptoms, we could know severe side effects earlier.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical analysis of patients with chronic hepatitis C who discontinued interferon treatment because of side effects--our experiences and recent reports]. 752 35

The effect of previous physical conditioning on young well-conditioned mountaineers in relationship to acquiring acute mountain sickness is controversial. Data show both increased and decreased effects on the incidence of altitude illness. How general tourists at moderate altitudes are affected is unknown. To determine the influence of sea-level habitual physical activity on the incidence of mountain sickness, we surveyed 205 participants in a scientific conference at 3,000 m (9,840 ft). A 36-item questionnaire was distributed to the subjects 48 hours after arrival at altitude. Their sea-level physical activity (SLPA) was measured by a published and validated instrument that included questions about patterns of work, sporting, and leisure-time activities. Acute mountain sickness was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following symptoms: headache, dyspnea, anorexia, fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, or vomiting. Most of the respondents were male (62%) from sea level (89%) with a mean age of 36 +/- 8.7 (standard deviation) years (range, 22 to 65). Nearly all (94%) were nonsmokers, and 28% had acute mountain sickness. The mean SLPA score was 8.0 +/- 1.3 (range, 5.1 to 12.0). No statistically significant difference in mean SLPA scores was found between those with and without acute mountain sickness (8.1 versus 7.8), nor in the individual indices (work, 2.5 versus 2.4; sport, 2.9 versus 2.7; leisure, 2.8 versus 2.7). We conclude that habitual physical activity performed at sea level does not play a role in the development of altitude illness at moderate altitude in a general tourist group.
 ...
PMID:Sea-level physical activity and acute mountain sickness at moderate altitude. 757 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>