Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) is an endemic parasitic disease afflicting more than 20 million persons in Latin America. Two drugs are currently being used for treatment of the acute phase of Chagas' disease: 4-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino-3-methylthiomorpholine-1,1-di oxide] (Nifurtimox; Nfx) and (N-benzl-2-nitro-1-imidazole acetamide) (Benznidazole; Bz). Nfx and Bz have serious undesirable effects, which have been reported during their clinical use, including anorexia and weight loss, nausea and vomiting, nervous excitation, insomnia, psyche depressions, convulsions, vertigo, headache, sleepiness, myalgias, arthralgias, loss of balance, disorientation, forgetfulness, paresthesias, adynamia, acoustic phenomena, peripheral neuropathies, gastralgia, mucosal edema, hepatic intolerance, skin manifestations, and intolerance to drinking alcohol. Effects in the central and peripheral nervous system of Nfx were also reproduced in animals. Signs of testicular and ovarian injury were reported for both Nfx and Bz, the effects of Bz being in general less intense than those of Nfx. Both drugs evidenced mutagenicity. In light of the present knowledge about the toxicity of Nfx and Bz, further studies on the mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and reproductive effects of both drugs are recommended. Lack of information is particularly serious for Bz. Studies on Nfx and Bz biotransformation, activation to reactive metabolites, and potential mechanisms for their toxic effects were analyzed. Risk-benefit considerations of the use of Nfx and Bz were made and an analysis of the need for research on Chagas' disease chemotherapy was also performed.
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PMID:Toxic effects of nifurtimox and benznidazole, two drugs used against American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease). 315 55

Research has been carried out into the effects of a new vasoactive substance, buflomedil hydrochloride, on two groups of patients suffering from cerebrovascular insufficiency and obliterating arteriopathy at the lower extremities. Ten clinical parameters were assessed in the first group of patients (insomnia, headache, vertigo, tinnitus, asthenia, shaking, changes in reflexes, anorexia, memory disturbances, problems of concentration and character disturbances); in the second group, the muscular flow of the gastrocnemius as measured by the muscular clearance of NaI131 at rest, during standard exercise conditions, during ten minutes following exercise and in the post-ischaemic phase. The results can be considered satisfactory in both groups, especially after prolonged treatment and in the early stage of the disease. Drug tolerance was very good.
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PMID:[Treatment of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and chronic obliterating arteriopathy of the lower extremities with buflomedil hydrochloride]. 404 47

133 women, aged 29-73, were administered the estriol preparation Gynaesan 1000, in order to combat complications and symptoms related to menopause. 93 were already in menopause, 36 were in climacterium and were still having manstruation, and 4 had had hysterectomies. Symptoms included hot flashes, nervous disturbances, heart flutters, insomnia, and vertigo. The general and local medical effects of this treatment were determined. A clear improvement in the great majority of cases was observed in regard to estriol insufficient related problems. However, histological and cytological studies engaged throughout the treatments showed some unwanted side effects that were not immediately evident. These were primarily in the form of epithelial atrophies, usually appearing around the 20th day of treatment. In the use of estriol in treating such conditions, care must be taken to differentiate between the general appearances and local effects.
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PMID:[General and topical effects of estriol]. 474 58

A group of 78 women with sudden flushes and associated disorders (pruritus vulvae, headache, anxiety, instability, depression, libido disturbances) related to the menopause were treated with one or two capsules of veralipride daily for 20 days. Excellent or good results were obtained in 54 of the 69 patients (78 p. cent) with sudden flushes, and 29 of the 57 cases (51 p. cent) with associated disorders. The difference in scores before and after treatment is very highly significant (p < 0.001). Clinical tolerance was good as only 2 cases of minimal galactorrhea. 2 cases of mastodynia, 3 cases with mild drowsiness, 2 patients with nervous tension or insomnia, 3 with digestive disorders, 1 with vertigo, and 1 with mild visual disturbances were observed. No modifications in the biological parameters studied were noted. Blood prolactin levels increased during treatment but returned to normal levels 4 days after discontinuation of therapy. No significant modifications in FSH, LH, E2, or E3 plasma levels were noted at the end of the study. Veralipride appears, therefore, to be the prototype for non-hormonal therapy of menopausal disorders.
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PMID:[A new therapeutic approach to menopausal sudden flushes and psychofunctional disorders (author's transl)]. 625 60

An examination was made of the behaviour of platelet function after a single i.v. injection of 150 mg Buflomedil in 8 non-diabetic vasculopathic patients. The drug was followed by a significant reduction of the platelet aggregability induced by ADP and adrenaline, but not by collagen, and did not alter the percentage of reversible circulating platelet aggregates. Its action was limited in time, since no activity was observed after 24 hr. The drug was also clinically evaluated in 30 patients aged over 80 yr with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, following treatment with 100 mg/day i.v. for 20 days, and then 450 mg/day per os for 80 days. Significant improvements were noted in vertigo, tinnitus, lapses of memory, and the ability to remember numbers. The results were less impressive with regard to insomnia, migraine, and asthenia.
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PMID:[Effect of buflomedil on the behavior of platelet aggregation and its clinical evaluation in elderly patients with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency]. 634 39

The efficacy of chlordiazepoxide and tiapride in the management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome was compared in a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind trial. The mean daily dose for both preparations on the first two days was four capsules, i.e., 200 mg for chlordiazepoxide and 400 mg for tiapride. Thereafter the patients were treated according to the relief of symptoms obtained. The treatment periods lasted 3-5 days. Both drugs effectively alleviated alcohol withdrawal symptoms, especially anxiety, fear, hallucinations, insomnia, sweating, tremor, abdominal pain and vertigo. Seventy percent of the patients in the chlordiazepoxide and 42% in the tiapride group considered the drug effective. The difference was statistically significant in favour of chlordiazepoxide (p less than 0.05). Tiapride is an alternative drug in the treatment of this condition, if benzodiazepines are to be avoided.
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PMID:Tiapride and chlordiazepoxide in acute alcohol withdrawal. A controlled clinical trial. 639 14

The effects of estrogen/gestagen (e/g) treatment given in a 28-day cycle (Trisequens forteR, Novo) on menopausal symptoms and plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were studied in a placebo trial. 119 normal women in the early postmenopausal period with mild to moderate climacteric complaints were included. At 3-month intervals for 2 years the participants were examined and filled in questionnaires containing the 11 symptoms of the Kupperman index (10). For each symptom a score was given. In the e/g group 77% (43/56) completed the trial compared with 83% (54/63) in the control group. A total of 61% of the women complained of hot flushes and from 9% to 44% complained of the remaining 10 Kupperman symptoms. At all eight examinations e/g treatment was found to have reduced the symptom score as well as the proportion of women with hot flushes, paresthesia, insomnia, nervousness, vertigo and formication. The symptom score of hot flushes and insomnia declined significantly (p less than 0.01). In the 24 women with hot flushes and in the 19 without, e/g caused similar reduction in the mean score of the other 10 symptoms. No placebo effect was seen. E/g caused a significant (p less than 0.01) fall in the elevated plasma concentrations of FSH and LH. Vaginal bleeding was regular in 38/43 and irregular in 4/43 women during hormone treatment. No serious side effects were attributed to e/g therapy. It is concluded that e/g treatment, in addition to its beneficial effects on hot flushes and insomnia, also alleviates several other climacteric symptoms.
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PMID:Effects of two years' estrogen-gestagen replacement on climacteric symptoms and gonadotropins in the early postmenopausal period. 681 85

Digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators are considered the standard therapy for patients with congestive heart failure, for which treatment is tailored according to the severity of the syndrome and the patient profile. Apart from the clinical seriousness, heart failure is always characterized by an energy depletion status, as indicated by low intramyocardial ATP and coenzyme Q10 levels. We investigated safety and clinical efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) adjunctive treatment in congestive heart failure which had been diagnosed at least 6 months previously and treated with standard therapy. A total of 2664 patients in NYHA classes II and III were enrolled in this open noncomparative 3-month postmarketing study in 173 Italian centers. The daily dosage of CoQ10 was 50-150 mg orally, with the majority of patients (78%) receiving 100 mg/day. Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at the entry into the study and on day 90; the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms was made using from two-to seven-point scales. The results show a low incidence of side effects: 38 adverse effects were reported in 36 patients (1.5%) of which 22 events were considered as correlated to the test treatment. After three months of test treatment the proportions of patients with improvement in clinical signs and symptoms were as follows: cyanosis 78.1%, oedema 78.6%, pulmonary rales 77.8%, enlargement of liver area 49.3%, jugular reflux 71.81%, dyspnoea 52.7%, palpitations 75.4%, sweating 79.8%, subjective arrhytmia 63.4%, insomnia 662.8%, vertigo 73.1% and nocturia 53.6%. Moreover we observed a contemporary improvement of at least three symptoms in 54% of patients; this could be interpreted as an index of improved quality of life.
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PMID:Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. 775 41

Digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators are considered standard therapy for patients with congestive heart failure, for which treatment is tailored according to the severity of the syndrome and the patient profile. Apart from the clinical seriousness, heart failure is always characterized by an energy depletion status, as indicated by low intramyocardial ATP and coenzyme Q10 levels. We investigated safety and clinical efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) adjunctive treatment in congestive heart failure, which had been diagnosed at least 6 months previously and treated with standard therapy. A total of 2500 patients in NYHA classes II and III were enrolled in this open noncomparative 3-month postmarketing drug surveillance study in 173 Italian centers. The daily dose of CoQ10 was 50-150 mg orally, with the majority of patients (78%) receiving 100 mg/day. Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at the entry into the study and on day 90; the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms was made using from two- to seven-point scales. Preliminary results on 1113 patients (mean age 69.5 years) show a low incidence of side effects: 10 adverse reactions were reported in 8 (0.8%) patients, of which only 5 reactions were considered as correlated to the test treatment. After 3 months of test treatment the proportions of patients with improvement in clinical signs and symptoms were as follows: cyanosis 81%, edema 76.9%, pulmonary rales 78.4%, enlargement of the liver area 49.3%, jugular reflux 81.5%, dyspnea 54.2%, palpitations 75.7%, sweating 82.4%, arrhythmia 62%, insomnia 60.2%, vertigo 73%, and nocturia 50.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure (interim analysis). The CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. 824

In 15 centres of the Czech Republic the antihypertensive effect of Amlodipine-Norvasc of Pfizer Co. was tested in 155 patients with mild or medium severe hypertension. The patients were treated by monotherapy, using doses of 5 mg (92%) and 10 mg (8%) per day. In all investigated hypertensive subjects a statistically significant decline of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred in the course of the 12-week investigation (P smaller than 0.01) without affecting the heart rate. The rate of undesirable effects of treatment was very low: only three patients (1.9%) discontinued treatment on account of undesirable effects. The most frequent ones included perimalleolar oedema, the sensation of fullness, headache, cardiac palpitations, vertigo and insomnia. Evaluation of the antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerance of the preparation by the physician and patient is positive, and Amlodipine-Norvasc of Pfizer Co. holds therefore, because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, an important place among calcium channel inhibitors of the second generation.
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PMID:[Personal clinical experience in the treatment of arterial hypertension using amlodipine]. 868 1


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