Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The isolation and characterization of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) achieved from 1963 to 1977 were reviewed in 1984. The first reports describing sleep as well as extra-sleep effects of DSIP also were included in that work. Only two years later, much additional literature concerning DSIP has accumulated. Besides further sleep-inducing and/or -supporting effects of DSIP in animals, considerable work has been carried out to evaluate the potential use of the peptide for therapeutic purposes such as treatment of insomnia, pain, and withdrawal. Immunohistochemical as well as radioimmunochemical studies provided further insights into the natural occurrence of the nonpeptide and the distribution of DSIP-like material in the body, suggesting possible relations of the peptide to certain diseases. Various physiological functions of DSIP and a possible mechanism of action involving the modulation of adrenergic transmission remain to be established.
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PMID:Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update. 355 Jul 26

This study is a replication of a study done by Turk et al. but under different conditions. It is an attempt to empirically examine the dimensions and components of overt and observable chronic pain behavior. A broader definition of pain behavior is chosen, namely the interaction between the pain patient and his or her direct environment. The results suggest that pain behavior can be characterized by 3 dimensions: withdrawal-approach, high arousal-low arousal and visible-audible. Furthermore, chronic pain behavior seems to be composed of at least 9 components: anxiety, attention seeking, verbal pain complaints, medication use, general verbal complaints, distorted posture and mobility, fatigue, insomnia, and depressive mood. More dimensions and components were discovered than in the study by Turk and his colleagues. However, they correspond with the variety of psychosocial problems associated with the chronic pain syndrome. This information seems to provide a useful basis for the development of an observational measurement technique for chronic pain.
Pain 1987 Oct
PMID:Dimensions and components of observed chronic pain behavior. 369 44

The astute family physician recognizes that such complaints as fatigue, pain, weight change and insomnia may be manifestations of depression rather than of physical illness. This diagnostic challenge is simplified by a working knowledge of the criteria for depression and mania. In addition to diagnosing depression, family physicians can successfully treat this condition with antidepressant medications.
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PMID:Recognition and treatment of depression. 381 72

The use of electrical currents for the treatment of disease has been considered since antiquity but it has only been in recent years that suitable devices have been available to scientific investigators to provide stimulation currents for clinical use. These devices have been used extensively for the relief of intractable pain and are an accepted treatment modality today. Other investigators have turned to the investigation of the effects of tiny currents, less than one milliampere, applied to the head. Recent investigations have been successful in the alleviation of such symptoms as insomnia, depression, and tremor. Other investigations have shown similar currents to be effective in relieving stress that accompanies withdrawal from substance abuse. In spite of these successes, resulting from scientific investigation of the effects of cranial electrical stimulation, there is still a general reluctance to use this new modality. It is the purpose of this paper to review pertinent aspects of this treatment so the health care practitioner may make judgements with respect to the safety and efficacy of cranial electrical stimulation.
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PMID:Electrical stimulation and substance abuse treatment. 388 83

The propriety of narcotic usage at the Hadassah Hospital has been studied in 35 cancer patients and 70 post-operative patients. Eighty-three per cent of the cancer patients and 66% of the surgical patients remained in moderate to severe distress in spite of the analgesic therapy. Insomnia and anxiety, plus depression in the cancer patients, were the major results of uncontrolled pain. The inadequacy of the treatment was attributed to the incorrect selection of medication, usage "as needed' policy and smaller daily doses than advocated. This resulted mainly because of exaggeration of the risk of tolerance and addiction by both patients and personnel.
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PMID:The propriety of narcotic usage in hospitalized patients. 395 14

A scheduled regimen of oral narcotic analgesics was compared with a regimen of oral narcotic analgesics plus ibuprofen for analgesic efficacy in patients with cancer. Ten patients with metastatic cancer were randomly assigned to receive either ibuprofen 400 mg or a look-alike placebo four times daily in addition to each patient's existing regimen of scheduled oral narcotics. A two-period changeover study design was used. The 24-hour narcotic intake equated to injectable morphine was computed for each patient at baseline and during the nine study days. A visual analogue scale was used to evaluate pain relief, nausea, mood depression, daytime drowsiness and nighttime sleeplessness. The analgesic efficacy of the narcotic-ibuprofen combination was significantly greater than the analgesic efficacy of the narcotic-placebo combination. Eight patients demonstrated a positive treatment effect with added ibuprofen; the overall improvement in analgesia averaged 39.1% in these patients. There was no significant increase from baseline in the incidence of nausea, mood depression, daytime drowsiness or nighttime sleeplessness. At the doses used in this study, a treatment regimen of oral narcotic analgesics plus ibuprofen was more effective than oral narcotics alone in relieving pain associated with cancer.
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PMID:Analgesia with oral narcotics and added ibuprofen in cancer patients. 397 83

This article discusses the causes of sleeplessness and its long-term management. Sleep may be repeatedly disturbed by pain, dyspnoea, micturition, or restlessness. The sleep patterns of the diseases which produce these symptoms are given, with an explanation in physiological terms of why they disturb sleep. A knowledge of these sleep patterns provides a valuable aid to diagnosis. It is concluded that there is only one condition, senility leading to senile dementia, for which long-term night sedation is justified.
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PMID:The clinical significance of disturbed sleep and the use of hypnotics. 437 78

Of the patients in an industrial general practice 1.3% required hypnotic drugs regularly. They were predominantly in the older age groups (mean 62.7 years), with an excess of widows. Only 0.02% were severely dependent; the remainder were mildly so, though they had been taking hypnotics for long periods (mean 5.6 years). There were three main original indications for hypnotics-namely, medical (pain), psychiatric, and onset insomnia in anxious personality disorder. One-fifth of the patients first took hypnotics while in hospital. The group as a whole manifested a high degree of abnormal psychological disposition.It is suggested that many patients who take hypnotics regularly may be placebo reactors, and a more critical attitude to hypnotic prescribing is required both in hospital and in general practice.
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PMID:Dependence on hypnotic drugs in general practice. 572 65

Spondylolysis of the sixth cervical vertebra was reported in a thirty-seven-year-old man. He complained of sleeplessness and had no history of trauma. Plain cervical spine films and CT scan showed separation of the bilateral pars interarticularis and hypoplasia of the superior and inferior articular processes of C6. And they showed compensated hyperplasia and upward deviation of the right superior articular process of C7, but there was no instability of cervical vertebra. Spina bifida occulta at C6 and deviation of the spinous process of C7 to the left side were observed clearly on CT scan. We gave him no surgical treatment because of his normal neurological state and absence of instability. Cervical spondylolysis is very rare disease, so only 48 cases have been reported in literature. Our case is the first case that reports findings of CT scan. Radiographic findings and the absence of history of trauma suggest a congenital etiology of this illness. In the 49 patients including our case, 35 patients were males and 14 were females. 35 patients complained of neck and/or occipital pain, 12 of pain and/or sensory disturbance of upper extremities, and 8 of shoulder pain and/or stiffness. The prevalent site of involvement appears to be C6 with only 14 cases involving another level, C2, C3, C4 or C5. 36 patients had spina bifida occulta and it was most frequently detected at the level of C6.
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PMID:[Cervical spondylolysis--a case report and review of the literature]. 635 22

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled long-term clinical study of Trental 400 was carried out, partly under cross-over design, partly as a parallel-group study, in 36 patients suffering from chronic arterial obstructive disorders in the lower limbs, associated with intermittent claudication, in order to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of this drug administered t.i.d. over a period of 6 months. This controlled period was preceded by a placebo run-in period of 3 months. The clinical results under Trental 400 showed a statistically significant within group improvement of painfree and maximum walking parameters (p less than 0.05) corresponding to an increase to baseline by +96% to +139% respectively and also in comparison to placebo (p less than 0.05). The alterations of walking parameters within the placebo groups, ranging between -25% and +28% were not significant. The subjective parameters (rest pain, paraesthesias, muscular cramps and sensation of heaviness in the legs) paralleled the course of the walking parameters. Under Trental 400, 24 out of 36 patients reported an improvement of these symptoms compared to 7 under placebo. Trental 400 was well tolerated. Minor side effects were mentioned by 7 out of 36 patients. One patient had to stop the drug treatment because of persisting prickling sensation and subsequent insomnia. Drug-related changes in the laboratory findings could not be detected; vital signs varied in function of age, concomitant drug treatments and seasonal factors. The results obtained in these studies suggest Trental 400 as a drug of choice for treating patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial obstruction according to stage II or III after Fontaine.
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PMID:Trental 400 in the treatment of intermittent claudication: results of long-term, placebo-controlled administration. 638 Mar 48


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