Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxilorphan (levo-BC-2605) is a new, long-acting, narcotic antagonist that has agonist properties. Twenty-one (21) heroin addicts in Los Angeles were detoxified and given at least one oral dose of oxilorphan. Only three (14.3%) patients took daily doses for 14 days, which was the maximal time allowed for oxilorphan administration in this study. The remainder discontinued oxilorphan because of subjective side effects or for unknown reasons. Side effects most responsible for dropouts were dysphoria, insomnia, weakness, hallucinations, nausea, drowsiness and anorexia. Oxilorphan provided 24-hour protection with a single, oral dose, but subjective side effects encountered during inductiolinical trials with oxilorphan should be attempted with other addict populations to fully determine its potential therapeutic value.
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PMID:Clinical trial in post-addicts with oxilorphan (levo-BC-2605): a new narcotic antagonist. 1 84

In this multi-clinic double-blind study, patients suffering from insomnia were treated with triazolam 0.5 mg (Halcion) or placebo for 14 days. Four investigators treated 239 patients, 122 on triazolam and 117 on placebo. Thirty-nine patients, 10 on triazolam and 29 on placebo, dropped out for ineffectiveness of the medication and 32 patients, 16 in each group, dropped out for side effects. Analysis of pooled efficacy data showed that triazolam was significantly better than placebo on all efficacy parameters measured, including how much the medication helped the patients sleep, onset of sleep, duration of sleep, duration compared to usual, number of nocturnal awakenings, and feeling of restfulness in the morning. Triazolam did not produce evidence of tolerance development after 2 weeks of treatment. The same variety of side effects occurred on each treatment and primarily included drowsiness, grogginess, headaches, impaired coordination nausea, and dizziness.
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PMID:Multi-clinic double-blind comparison of triazolam (Halcion) and placebo administered for 14 consecutive nights in outpatients with insomnia. 2 13

224 patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, disturbances of cardiac rhythm or hyperkinetic heart syndrome were treated with the cardioselective beta-blocker Talinolol (Cordanum) for a period up to 3 years. In 239 examinations in intravenous or peroral application of this medicament we controlled among others the appearance of side effects. This test was carried out with the help of standardised questionings and clinical controls. Apart from registrations of ECG and blood pressure clinico-chemical investigations were included and in the long-term experiment also tests by dermatologists, otorhinolaryngologists and ophthalmologists. In the total number of patients the proportion of side appearances was 17,6%, in the long-term experiment (100 patients with on an average 12.9 months) 7%. The symptoms most frequently cited in the initial phase, such as fatigue, weakness, insomnia and nausea receded within 4 weeks apart from few exceptions. There did not appear any essential bradycardic disturbances of the cardiac rhythm, just as little were references to disadvantageous reactions in the sense of a practolol syndrome.
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PMID:[Long-term studies on the beta blocker talinolol (cordanum) with special reference to side effects]. 3 87

Thirty-eight obese patients, resistant to conventional diet therapy, agreed to consume a 1.09 MJ (260 kcal)/day semi-synthetic diet consisting of 25 g egg albumin, 40 g oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, and were seen weekly as outpatients for eight weeks. At the beginning, the semi-synthetic diet was given with either the anorectic drug, mazindol (2 mg/day) or a placebo for four weeks and then changed over for the remaining four weeks; the study being conducted on a double-blind basis. The final treatment was a 4.2 MJ (1000 KCAL) conventional diet for a further four weeks without drug or placebo. Twenty-five patients completed the first eight weeks and 21 patients the final four weeks of the trial. The total mean weight losses were as follows: week 4, 9.3 kg; week 8, 13.7 kg; week 12, 12.2 kg. There was no significant difference in weight loss between mazindol treatment and placebo but the former group reported feeling less hungry. The chief side-effects observed were dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, insomnia and depression which were more frequent with mazindol. Six patients had to stop mazindol because of side-effects, but were able to continue the diet alone. It is concluded that a semi-synthetic diet containing 1.09 MJ (260 kcal) daily can be successfully employed in the treatment of obese outpatients, and is a practical therapeutic alternative to admission to hospital. There is no clinical advantage to be gained by the additional use of the anorectic drug, mazindol.
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PMID:A double-blind trial of mazindol using a very low calorie formula diet. 36 31

4 preparations for treating menstrual disorders were tested in a double-blind study of 171 women. Trisekvens and Gynovin were tested in 59 premenstrual women, age 34-54, who still had menstrual periods, some with irregularities. Estrofem and Geklimon were administered in a group of 112 women, age 32-69, who were definitely in the post-menopausal stage. Heat flashes and sweating improved in 88%-97% of the patients and disappeared completely in 63%-80%. Unspecific symptoms improved in 56%-69% of the patients. Menstrual cycle regularity was improved in 89% of the patients in the premenopausal group; 1 patient reported a worsening of the condition. Irregular bleeding occurred in 7.1% of the postmenopausal patients. There were no significant changes in body weight or blood pressure during the study. In 9.4% of the patients side effects such as breast tension, menstrual pain, or nausea were reported. In 15.8% of the patients newly discovered unspecific symptoms such as irregular bleeding, nervousness, or sleeplessness were reported. There were no significant differences determined between Trisekvens and Gynovin or Estrofem and Geklimon.
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PMID:[Estradiol and estriol in the treatment of climacteric symptoms. A controlled trial]. 37 43

A large number of reports have been devoted to the physiologic and toxic effects of methyl chloride, many of which are based on case histories involving occupational exposure. The detrimental actions of methyl chloride on the central and peripheral nervous systems are well established effects. It is a moderately severe narcotic and potentially severe nerve poison. Chronic intoxication is associated with damage to the central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, liver, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and intestinal tract. The signs and symptoms range from the more severe medical dysfunctions such as cardiac irregularities, respiratory paralysis, nerve degeneration, and severe convulsions to the more subtle clinical observations such as CNS depression, nervousness and emotional instability, insomnia and anorexia, ataxia, blurred vision, light-headedness, nausea, dizziness, narcosis, and disorientation. The behavioral correlates of these and other neurotoxic effects of methyl chloride suggest that a gradual behavioral degradation occurs. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown the compound to be rapidly absorbed by the blood with most authors attributing the toxicity to an enzyme-catalyzed methylation reaction in the body. Despite the fact that several investigators have attempted to correlate such biological responses of methyl chloride with its toxicity, the present knowledge of the problem still lacks a detailed mechanism of action. Until such mechanisms are verified, adequate methods to assess subclinical neurological and behavioral changes must be effectively developed.
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PMID:Behavioral, neurological, and toxic effects of methyl chloride: a review of the literature. 38 67

Healthy adult subjects were given oral sustained-release (SR) aminophylline tablets 225 mg 12-hourly (n = 12) or 450 mg 12-hourly (n = 6) for 5 doses, and all were given aminophylline 225 mg intravenously on a separate occasion to determine individual kinetic parameters. The mean plasma theophylline half-life ( 1 1/2) from the intravenous study was 5.8 hr (SD +/- 1.9). During the 12 hr after the fifth dose of SR aminophylline, the maximum and minimum mean (SD) plasma theophylline levels were 9.7 (3.2) mug/ml and 4.9 (2.0) mug/ml for the 225-mg dose, and 21.1 (2.2) mug/ml and 11.6 (4.4) mug/ml for the 450-mg dose. Side effects were generally mild in the low-dose study, but in the high-dose study 3 subjects reported headache and 1 was withdrawn after 3 doses. Two subjects also noted nausea, and 3 reported insomnia and anxiety in the high-dose study. It was concluded that there was a considerable range of doses needed to achieve adequate plasma levels, and that the formulation studied was capable of producing reasonably stable and satisfactory plasma theophylline levels once individual dose requirements had been established.
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PMID:Plasma theophylline levels after sustained-release aminophylline. 49 7

Modern warfare requires protection of the entire civilian population, and a main feature of Swiss planning is the provision of adequate shelter space for every inhabitant. The medical and psychologic problems of prolonged shelter living are considered, with reference to the literature on experience in other countries. The study centers on description of a shelter occupancy experiment. 25 men with an average age of 37 years spent 7 days in a closed shelter during the hottest part of the year. Floor space was 1.2 m2 and room volume 2.5 m3 per person. The experiment revealed that in-shelter climatic conditions remained tolerable. Initially several members of the group suffered from insomnia and nausea, while sleep disturbances, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms also occurred in the course of the stay. Daily self-rating of condition with appropriate scales showed a positive correlation of "irritability" with air humidity and a negative correlation of "vitality" with room temperature. Good shelter management and a trained leader are essential prerequisites for prolonged shelter occupancy.
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PMID:[Medical and psychological problems relating to emergency shelters in case of war]. 112 61

A preliminary report on the long-term contraceptive effectiveness and acceptability of a single subdermal silastic implant containing norethindrone acetate (ENTA) is presented. The 4 types of implants used varied in length, wall thickness, and amount of ENTA; implant A contained 20-25 mg ENTA, implant B contained 30-35 mg ENTA, implant C contained 45-50 mg ENTA as was longer than all the other implants, and implant D contained 40 mg ENTA and had a greater wall thickness than all the other implants. 213 women volunteers received a single implant and were followed for a total of 909 cycles. 2 of 13 women receiving implant A, 2 of 39 women receiving implant B, 3 of 76 women receiving implant C, and none of the 85 women receiving implant D became pregnant. Implant D had the longest expected life-span (10 months). Menstrual irregularities were fewest with implants A (23%) and D (20%), and greatest with implant C (42%). there were no complaints of nausea, insomnia, tender breasts, or loss of libido. 4 patients with implant B and 6 patients with implant C had the capsules removed for medical reasons. More detailed studies of implant D are in progress.
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PMID:Long-term contraception by steroid-releasing implants. II. A preliminary report on long-term contraception by a single silastic implant containing norethindrone acetate (ENTA) in women. 113 38

Pentazocine (Talwin) originally was believed to be a safe, nonaddictive analgesic, but further experience has shown that severe mental and emotional disturbance, as well as addiction, may occur. This survey documents the experience in the Texas Medical Center and elsewhere. The accumulated data show the following: (1) Depressive states are reported most frequently, while toxic psychoses, hallucinogenic reactions with panic, and paranoid states on withdrawal of the drug are less frequent. (2) Of the 197 cases of addiction reported to date, only six were related to oral use of the drug. The abstinence syndrome is mild, consisting usually of restlessness, nausea, cramps, and insomnia. (3) Convulsions have been reported on four occasions. Euphoria and psychotomimetic effects may relate to rapid release of noradrenaline and dopamine. Oral use of the drug is advised to avoid euphoriant effects and addiction, and physicians should alert patients to report unusual visual phenomena. Tranquilizers are of value in cases of severe reactions.
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PMID:Mental and emotional disturbance with pentazocine (Talwin) use. 115 70


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