Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred consecutive patients, 74 women and 26 men, aged between 18 and 83 years (mean = 54.8 years), referred with complaints related to oral galvanism were investigated and treated and the treatment results were evaluated after 2-3 years. Forty of the patients reported facial pain, pain from the teeth, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and masticatory muscles and TMJ clicking and locking and 26 reported headache. Smarting in the oral mucosa, smarting of the tongue and xerostomia were reported by 26, 21 and 24 patients, respectively, and 30 patients reported an unpleasant taste, a metallic taste or a battery taste. The same patient often reported several symptoms. The patients also reported various general symptoms, above all joint symptoms, pain in the back, neck and shoulders and general muscular pain but also tiredness, weakness, difficulty in concentrating, depression and insomnia. After clinical and radiological examination, salivary tests, determination of the maximum galvanic current at metallic contacts and screening for contact allergy to dental materials, various oral diagnoses could be established. Most of the patients exhibited functional disturbances of the masticatory system, periodontitis, smarting of the oral mucosa, xerostomia, pulpitis and pulpal necrosis and mucosal lesions. The medical illnesses the patients reported themselves to be suffering from or had been treated for included cardiovascular disorders, high and low blood pressure, asthma, rheumatic disorders, diabetes, pernicious anaemia, gastritis and peptic ulcer. Seventy-six patients took drugs regularly. In most cases there were several oral, dental and medical explanations for the symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Results obtained from patients referred for the investigation of complaints related to oral galvanism. 345 16

Symptoms due to estrogen deficiency begin in the perimenopausal years and progress as serum levels of this hormone decrease Vasomotor instability, manifested by hot flushes or night sweats, may persist for several months to a few years. Psychologic symptoms include anxiety, tension, depression, insomnia, palpitations, and headaches. Atrophy of the genital epithelium may result in senile vaginitis with symptoms of irritation, burning, pruritus, dyspareunia, and even vaginal bleeding. Even the lower urinary tract mucosa is dependent upon estrogen. Postmenopausal osteoporosis affects 25 to 50% of older women and increases the risk for vertebral, hip, and other fractures. Estrogen therapy for menopausal complaints has received adverse publicity because several reports have indicated that unopposed estrogens increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Added progestogen not only negates this risk but reduces the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in estrogen-progestogen users to less than that observed in untreated women. Estrogen replacement therapy does not increase the risk of breast cancer; the incidence of this malignancy, however, was also less in the estrogen-progestogen users when compared with either the untreated women or from that expected from the national cancer surveys. In evaluating postmenopausal women for hormone replacement, the benefits of estrogen-progestogen therapy must be weighed against possible risks.
 ...
PMID:The menopause. 351 23

A double-blind, randomized, crossover study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. All entered patients had no prior chemotherapy and all received inpatient emetogenic chemotherapy mainly without cisplatin. Of the 40 evaluable patients, 23 (58%) had no vomiting with dexamethasone compared with only 11 (28%) receiving metoclopramide (P less than 0.025). Dexamethasone was found to have less adverse effect than metoclopramide on patient's appetite and activity (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Twenty-one patients (53%) developed mild to severe somnolence with metoclopramide compared to only seven (18%) who experienced this adverse effect with dexamethasone (P less than 0.01). Six patients (15%) developed extrapyramidal manifestations with metoclopramide, but none with dexamethasone. Furthermore, during dexamethasone therapy, patients developed less diaphoresis, insomnia, headache and dizziness. Upon questioning patients about their preference to future use of the antiemetic drug therapy, 28 patients (70%) preferred dexamethasone, two (5%) preferred metoclopramide and 10 (25%) found no difference. We conclude that high-dose dexamethasone has a greater antiemetic activity and is more safe than high-dose metoclopramide in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy mainly without cisplatin.
 ...
PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone: randomized, double-blind, crossover study with high-dose metoclopramide in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 351 33

Ninety-one insomniacs completed a four-week study of the efficacy and safety of zopiclone (Z), 7.5 mg. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, each of which received placebo (P) during one week of the study. Forty-six subjects received medication in the sequence of ZPZZ, and 45 received it in the sequence of ZZPZ. Twice each week, patients filled out presleep and postsleep questionnaires and reported their morning complaints. Compared with placebo, zopiclone produced statistically significant improvements (P less than 0.05) in sleep induction time, duration of sleep, number of awakenings per night, quality and soundness of sleep, morning state of rest, and daytime sleepiness. Headache, dizziness, nausea, and bitter taste were the predominant complaints. Zopiclone can be considered an efficient and safe hypnotic for chronic insomnia.
 ...
PMID:Zopiclone: a new nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic used in general practice. 352 57

Five patients with chronic respiratory failure from neuromuscular disease and symptomatic worsening nocturnal hypoventilation were treated with nocturnal ventilation. Home ventilation at night was provided by a volume-cycled positive pressure ventilator attached to a nasal mask originally designed to administer nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea. The device was well tolerated. Symptoms of headache, insomnia/somnolence, and impaired intellectual capacity rapidly disappeared with nocturnal ventilatory support. Daytime arterial PO2 and PCO2 improved after therapy. There are several advantages over commonly used, negative pressure devices for nocturnal ventilation. These include patient synchronization of tidal volume, ease of application, less cumbersome apparatus, more nocturnal patient mobility, and absence of production of upper airway obstruction.
 ...
PMID:Nocturnal positive pressure ventilation via nasal mask. 354 11

Fluoxetine is a bicyclic antidepressant that is a specific and potent inhibitor of the presynaptic reuptake of serotonin. It has essentially no effect on the reuptake of norepinephrine or other neurotransmitters. Similarly, it has negligible binding affinity for neurotransmitter receptor sites. It is well absorbed after oral administration, with absolute bioavailability in dogs of approximately 72 +/- 27.6%. The mean Tmax is between 4 and 8 hours, and it is approximately 94% protein bound. After a single dose, the elimination half-life is 1-3 days. After long-term administration, the elimination half-life averages 4 days. Its pharmacokinetics appear nonlinear. It is metabolized to an active metabolite norfluoxetine, which is also specific for the inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Norfluoxetine's elimination half-life averaged 7 days after long-term administration. Little is known about potential drug interactions; however, fluoxetine appears to have minimal clinically relevant interactions. Fluoxetine is indicated in the treatment of major depression. Its efficacy is comparable to the tricyclics and it has a similar onset of action. Although doses as high as 80 mg/day have been used, the optimal dosage range appears to be 20-40 mg once daily. Fluoxetine has been used with success in obsessive-compulsive disorder and intention myoclonus, however, its use in these disorders remains investigational. The frequency of side effects is low and dose related; the most common effects are nausea, anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, diarrhea, nervousness, and headache. Eight reports of intentional overdose with fluoxetine alone resulted in no deaths and mild adverse effects. It will be marketed as 20-mg capsules under the brand name of Prozac. Although fluoxetine should be added to formularies, its use should be reserved for treatment of those who do not respond to or do not tolerate tricyclic agents.
 ...
PMID:Fluoxetine: a serotonin-specific, second-generation antidepressant. 355 56

A placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study conducted at a general practitioner's surgery was designed to investigate the efficacy of bencyclane in 120 outpatients with cerebral dysfunctions based on organic brain syndrome. The study started with a 4-week placebo washout phase and then continued with a 12-week treatment phase. 200 mg Bencyclane-hydrogenfumarate was administered b.i.d. Efficacy was assessed by a doctor's symptom rating (SCAG) and a study nurse's rating (BGP) as well as by two performance tests (CFF and ZVT-G). Data from 106 patients (52 under bencyclane and 54 under placebo) were statistically analysed. More side effects were seen under bencyclane than under placebo, in particular insomnia, headache, akathisia, nausea and vomiting. As an a priori hypothesis, it was stated that after alpha-adjustment there should be a statistically significant difference in symptomatology (SCAG, BGP) and performance (CFF, ZVT-G). With regard to performance, the zero hypothesis could be rejected on the 5% level, and on the 1% level with respect to symptomatology. The experimental error on both the performance and the symptom level was below 6%. The drug effects were significant on a confirmatory level and are considered to be also of clinical relevance.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of disorders of cerebral performance in the aged in ambulatory care using bencyclane. Results of a controlled double-blind phase III study versus placebo]. 355 4

The present study was conducted to derive pediatric mianserin pharmacokinetic parameters, which were compared to those from healthy young adults, and to obtain preliminary information regarding the utility of mianserin for the management of hyperkinesis in children. The sample consisted of six prepubescent children with hyperkinetic behavior disorders who had not responded, or had developed tolerance to, stimulant medication. Mianserin pharmacokinetics were derived from plasma samples obtained over a 36- to 50-hour period following a single oral dose which ranged from 0.28 to 0.72 mg/kg. Children evidenced a significantly faster elimination half-life and a significantly smaller apparent kinetic volume of distribution than did adults, whereas maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum concentration, and apparent oral plasma clearance were similar. Ratings of behavioral deviance were obtained from teachers and parents during placebo and mianserin titration to a maximum dose of 40 mg/day. Although half the children showed some decrease in hyperactivity ratings, the small sample size and high variability of response preclude conclusions regarding the efficacy of mianserin for childhood hyperkinesis. Possible side effects in our sample included akathisia, excitability, insomnia, and migraine-like headache, as well as cardiovascular effects of tachycardia and two instances of minor electrocardiographic change. Our pharmacokinetic findings will be of import should mianserin prove useful for such childhood disorders as depression and/or enuresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Mianserin pharmacokinetics and behavior in hyperkinetic children. 359

In a cross-sectional study of 4558 Australians, it was found that the proportion of subjects reporting indigestion, palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia increased significantly with mean caffeine intake. A multiple logistic regression model was used to show that the association between the prevalence of these symptoms and usual daily caffeine consumption remained significant in both males and females for palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia after controlling for the potential confounding factors of age, adiposity, smoking, alcohol intake and occupation. Adiposity was strongly correlated with the prevalence of indigestion and the apparent association between caffeine and indigestion disappeared when adiposity was controlled for. According to the logistic model, the relative risk of experiencing symptoms for people consuming 240 mg of caffeine (approximately 4-5 cups of coffee or tea) per day (the population average) compared with caffeine abstainers is 1.6 for palpitations, 1.3 for tremor, 1.3 for headache, and 1.4 for insomnia in males and 1.7, 1.5, 1.2 and 1.4 respectively for females. Further logistic regression analysis indicated that the associations found between caffeine intake and symptoms did not depend on the source of caffeine. In general, coffee consumption has no significant effect over and above that attributable to its caffeine content. If these associations are causal, then approximately one quarter of the reported prevalence of palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia is attributable to caffeine consumption in this study population.
 ...
PMID:A study of caffeine consumption and symptoms; indigestion, palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia. 387 38

Persistent psychophysiologic (learned) insomnia (PPI) is an objectively verifiable sleep disturbance that develops secondary to chronic, somatized tension and negative conditioning. Twenty-two patients diagnosed as PPI were compared on sleep and psychological questionnaires to 22 normal subjects (Ns) and to 19 insomnia patients with dysthymic disorders (DD). PPI patients typically had difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep, as did the DDs, but showed normal sleep staging. While PPIs were similar to Ns on most psychological tests, they typically were repressors and sensation avoiders. Many PPI patients suffered from tension-related symptoms such as headaches. PPI patients and Ns revealed less psychopathology than DD patients on almost all psychological scales.
 ...
PMID:Persistent psychophysiologic (learned) insomnia. 396 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10