Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 85 inpatients with current or recent episodes of major depressive disorders, diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) as assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). Several biopsychiatric tests were run during the same week of investigation. Results indicate low levels of CSF somatostatin to be a state marker for episodes of depression characterized by sad appearance, feelings of tiredness, insomnia, and subjective inability to acknowledge any external precipitants for the depression. CSF somatostatin was negatively related to platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity; MAO activity appeared to account better for the degree of melancholic features than did somatostatin. The ratio between 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in CSF also correlated negatively with somatostatin. A positive relationship was noted between CSF xanthine and somatostatin. There was a highly significant curvilinear correlation between CSF somatostatin and serum TSH concentrations, but no correlations between CSF somatostatin and serum GH or prolactin, or with plasma cortisol before or after dexamethasone.
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PMID:Low levels of somatostatin in human CSF mark depressive episodes. 614 88

Tiapride was used in 55 chronic alcoholics. It has a sedative effect on the anxiety, aggressiveness and agitation observed during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is also effective against tremor, insomnia and fatigue. Fatigue or depression do not occur as side-effects. Tiapride induces a psychological feeling of wellbeing which is heightened by continuation of detoxication and general management.
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PMID:[Tiapride in detoxication of chronic alcoholics (author's transl)]. 627 32

Most people attribute a restorative function to sleep. This is because experimental or clinical sleep disturbance is usually followed by annoying symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness the following day. Can these daytime changes be documented objectively? In the past several years, the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) has been developed and validated as an objective quantitative measure of sleepiness. Multiple assessments of sleep latency yield a profile of sleepiness across the day. This profile changes in the predicted direction with acute total and partial sleep deprivation, chronic sleep deprivation, sleep satiation, and in comparisons between hypersomnia patients and controls. Sleep and wakefulness are complementary phases in the daily cycle of human existence. Adequacy of sleep and energetic wakefulness next day are interacting phases in this cycle. Insomnia can be seen as a perception of disturbed sleep with daytime consequences, but is essentially also a symptom. This paper reviews a number of issues in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. The dimensions, daytime consequences and longitudinal aspects of insomnia are considered. Most investigations to date have been geared towards the problem of chronic insomnia and yet we are all likely to suffer from transient insomnia at some point. Psychiatric and psychophysiological disorders have been shown to be the most frequent causes of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep. Moreover, there is an apparent disparity between subjective and objective sleep parameters with, for example, objectively disturbed sleep in noncomplaining subjects. The criteria of hypnotic efficacy and the effects of triazolam and flurazepam on sleep and daytime alertness have been investigated in normals, chronic insomniacs and the elderly. In general, chronic insomniacs showed all degrees of daytime alertness regardless of nocturnal sleep parameters. About one-third could be classified as fully alert all day long in spite of their complaints. The effect of flurazepam and triazolam on sleep (improvement) was essentially the same. Daytime effects were most closely related to half-life. The long-acting benzodiazepine, flurazepam, impaired daytime alertness although nocturnal sleep was improved. Triazolam improved not only nighttime sleep but also daytime alertness.
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PMID:Issues in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. 638 52

The effect of the nootropic drug, piridoxilate on normal and on exogenously (by traffic noise) disturbed sleep and awakening quality was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 10 elderly subjects with a mean age of 62 years spent 13 nights in the sleep laboratory: 2 adaptation nights, 1 baseline night, 3 drug nights (placebo, 300 and 600 mg piridoxilate), as well as 2 drug nights with nocturnal traffic noise (placebo and 600 mg piridoxilate) and the subsequent wash-out nights. Polysomnographic recordings (including EEG, EMG and EOG) were carried out between 10:30 p.m. and 6.00 a.m. Traffic noise was pre-recorded at a busy Viennese street and presented continuously by a loudspeaker with a sound pressure level at the ear of between 68 and 83 dB (A) [mean 75.6 dB (A)]. In the morning the subjects completed a sleep questionnaire for the subjective evaluation of their quality of sleep and awakening. Thereafter objective awakening quality was measured by a psychometric test battery. Piridoxilate did not induce any significant changes in objective and subjective sleep variables. Nocturnal traffic noise produced a decrease in total sleep time and sleep efficiency, an increase in wakefulness and drowsiness (stage 1), as well as a decrease in REM and deep sleep stages, the last-mentioned being of statistical significance. Subjectively, the elderly subjects reported a deterioration in sleep quality due to traffic noise, an increase in middle and late insomnia, as well as a deterioration in awakening quality (dizziness, tiredness, headaches). Piridoxilate did not ameliorate these sleep disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of nootropic drugs on normal and disturbed sleep of the elderly: controlled studies with pyridoxilate and street noise]. 639 69

A wide range of neuropsychiatric side effects are attributed to propranolol including visual hallucinations, somnulence, memory impairment, decrease in response time, dizziness, confusional states, insomnia, nightmares, fatigue, sedation and depression. Benson et al., in a summary review of several clinical studies of 5,846 patients being treated with a variety of beta adrenergic blocking agents, listed depression as a rare side effect of propranolol that was usually reported only after long term treatment at high doses. Despite the widely circulated attribution that depression is a side effect of propranolol, there is a paucity of evidence to directly link this drug with clinically significant mood disturbance. For example, the most widely quoted reference attributing propranolol as a depressogenic agent was a "letter to the editor" which was a retrospective, uncontrolled, unblinded study that did not use a standardized depression rating scale. Most of the evidence linking propranolol to depressive symptoms have derived from scattered case reports in which the onset of depressive symptoms were attributed to this agent. Given the well known cyclic onset and remissions of affective disorders, and the prevalence of depression in the general medical population as a whole, the role of propranolol in these cases is debatable.
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PMID:Propranolol and depression: a reevaluation based on a pilot clinical trial. 640 May 97

In the present multicentre double blind study of 428 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome a significant beneficial effect was found on abdominal pain, nausea, sleeplessness and depression by using 50 mg of the antidepressive drug, trimipramine, in the evening, as well as 10 mg three times daily. A significant effect was also recorded for the total score of wellbeing during the treatment period of 6 weeks. No side effects were recorded except tiredness in the morning in some patients during the first two weeks.
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PMID:Psychopharmacologic drugs in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. A double blind study of the effect of trimipramine. 652 68

A questionnaire concerning environmental conditions, work organization, and health-related symptoms was administered to 209 male and female workers in fish-processing plants in Quebec. Jobs in these factories were "ghettoized," with 88.9 percent of job titles held primarily (more than 75 percent) by members of one sex. In general, significantly more women than men reported that their work sites exposed them to environmental aggressors such as noise and cold. Women also reported significantly more often that their jobs were uninteresting, that they could not move around, and that their work speed was fast. Women reported fatigue, stress, insomnia, digestive problems, and aches and pains significantly more often than did men (analysis controlled for age). When the effects of work speed were examined specifically, it was found that a fast work speed was associated with fatigue, stress, insomnia, and digestive problems in both sexes, and with aches and pains in women. It is suggested that women are required to work at a faster speed than men, and that this is a factor in the greater prevalence of health-related symptoms among women. Our interpretation of these data calls into question the commonly held belief that men and women are assigned to sex-specific jobs in order to protect the health of "the weaker sex."
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PMID:Are women in female jobs for their health? A study of working conditions and health effects in the fish-processing industry in Quebec. 664 14

Charts of 28 hyperthyroid patients over 60 years old were retrospectively analyzed and compared with charts of 14 patients under 30 years old. The mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 16 months in the elderly and five months in the younger group. Heart rate was substantially lower in the older (107 beats/min) vs younger (117 beats/min) study group. The symptom of weakness or fatigue was more prevalent in the elderly group (94 percent) than in the younger group (57 percent). Cardiac palpitation was more prevalent in the elderly patients whereas insomnia, irritability, dysphagia, hyperphagia, and heat intolerance were more prevalent in the younger patients. Fifty percent of the elderly patients complained of chest pain. Cachexia (62 percent), thin, fine hair (50 percent), and weakness (58 percent) were prominent physical findings in the elderly group. Twenty-six percent of the elderly patients had atrial fibrillation. These findings confirm previous studies that show some differences in presentation of hyperthyroidism in elderly patients when compared with younger patients. The authors recommend that thyroid function tests be obtained for broad indications in the elderly.
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PMID:Thyrotoxicosis in the elderly. 664 37

double-blind cross-over study with Org OD 14 was done in 35 post-menopausal patients aged 48-69 years who had hot flushes and other associated symptoms. Patients were randomly allocated to Org OD 14 or to placebo as first treatment. Each period of treatment lasted for 6 weeks and there were no intervals between treatments. Tablets containing 2.5 mg of Org OD 14 or placebo tablets of identical appearance were supplied. Patients took one Org OD 14 tablet or one placebo tablet per day. Data on the following variables were obtained and analyzed statistically: hot flushes, sweating, dizziness, palpitation, tiredness, headache, insomnia, irritability, breathlessness, backache, loss of libido, and mood. Assessment was daily in the case of hot flushes and weekly for the other variables. Org OD 14 was statistically significantly more effective in controlling hot flushes, sweating and headache and tended to be better than the placebo tablets for the other variables.
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PMID:Double-blind cross-over study with Org OD 14 and placebo in postmenopausal patients. 666 Sep 26

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation.
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PMID:Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. 668 67


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