Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From may 1986 to July 1988 ten patients have been treated by interstitial implantation of radioactive isotopes using Yttrium 90 colloidal solution (9 cases) and Aurum 198 grains (1 case). There were 7 cystic out of 8 craniopharyngiomas, one malignant pituitary adenoma and one hemispheric Astrocytoma grade III-IV. In all but one patient the tumors were recurrent after one or more reductive or palliative operations. To external radiation undervent preoperatively two cases (one craniopharyngioma and one pituitary adenoma). Target volume was established by CT data and X-ray studies after stereotaxic injection of contrast medium (one case). Doses for intracystic irradiation were calculated using the Backlund's formula. The lowest activity was calculated to be 3.84 mCi, and the highest 12.9 mCi (m 6.8 mCi or 252 MBq). The delivered activity was 100-200 Gy of Y90 (m 140 Gy). The activity of Au198 was determined using the producers dosimetric tables. The radionuclide implantation was performed by stereotaxic techniques with Leksell's system in 5 patients. In 5 patients the surgical procedures were open: 3 osteoplastic supratentorial and 2 craniectomies for direct instillation of Y90 into the craniopharyngiomatous cavities spread to posterior fossa. Early short lasting side effects of endocavitary irradiation were observed in 5 patients (headache and somnolence; adynamy, pseudobulbar symptoms and rigor; insomnia and agressiveness; lack of orientation and increased mental irritability). The longest follow up was 26 months. The clinical response to intracystic instillation of Y90 was very favorable in 8 cases: 7 craniopharyngiomas and one pituitary adenoma. A satisfactory anatomical result with diminution or retraction of cystic cavities was evident in all cases. The more pronounced achievement of intracystic irradiation therapy in our series were the effects on stabilization or recuperation of vision and on improvement of visual field finding. The recovery of endocrine insufficiency was also noted. Two patients died: the 3-year old child, one year after implantation of Au198 grains in a huge calcified craniopharyngioma, and a woman, 67 old, twelve days after Y90 instillation to a hemispheric glioma grade III-IV.
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PMID:[Implantation of radioactive isotopes in intracranial tumors]. 248 66

A multicentered trial compared the effects of the non-sedating antihistamine, loratadine, 5 mg plus pseudoephedrine 120 mg with a placebo on the signs and symptoms of the common cold. One hundred forty-two (142) subjects were treated with the loratadine/pseudoephedrine combination and 141 subjects were treated with placebo twice daily for five days. Evaluations by both subjects and physicians suggest that this antihistamine/decongestant combination is superior to placebo in relieving symptoms of the common cold. Specific differences were found in symptoms including nasal congestion, sneezing, postnasal drainage, and nasal discharge. Differences between groups for the following side effects were found: dry mouth (9% for the combination vs 2% for placebo), insomnia (6% vs 3%), and nervousness (4% vs 2%). There were no differences between groups for the frequency of drowsiness.
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PMID:The effectiveness of the nonsedating antihistamine loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in the symptomatic management of the common cold. 252 99

Chlordesmethyldiazepam a long-acting benzodiazepine was compared with lorazepam a short-acting one in a double-blind placebo cross-over study against generalized anxiety disorders. Chlordesmethyldiazepam therapy was more effective than lorazepam. Clinical efficacy, drowsiness and insomnia seem well correlated with pharmacokinetic properties of these two benzodiazepines. These results further support the use of a long-acting benzodiazepine rather than a short-acting one as an anti-anxiety agent.
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PMID:Double-blind placebo cross-over study of long-acting (chlordesmethyldiazepam) versus short-acting (lorazepam) benzodiazepines in generalized anxiety disorders. 256 50

Practically all drugs administered in large amounts can give rise to neurologic symptoms such as drowsiness, insomnia, confusion, seizures or coma and extrapyramidal disorders. In this study, five classes of agents are reviewed: antipsychotic drugs, drugs for Parkinson's disease, antiepileptic drugs, calcium antagonists and salts of bismuth.
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PMID:[Various encephalopathies caused by drugs]. 256 72

Single oral doses of 10 to 160 mg centpropazine, a new antidepressant (synthesized by CDRI, Lucknow, India) were administered to groups of 4-5 male volunteers, each dose being interspersed with placebo in a double blind, non-crossover study by random distribution. The drug was well tolerated. Drowsiness, heaviness, weakness and/or headache were reported only at doses of 120 mg and above. No adverse effect was noted in various laboratory tests, ECG or vital parameters. In a multiple dose study, volunteers received 40 or 80 mg centpropazine daily for 4 wk. Mild restlessness and insomnia were observed in some subjects receiving 80 mg dose. In this study also no effect was observed in various laboratory tests, ECG or vital parameters.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacological studies on centpropazine--a new antidepressant compound. 262 4

Sleep apnea syndrome is a condition characterized by recurrent interruption of breathing during sleep. Triad of symptoms for the disease are insomnia, daytime sleepiness and snoring. Recently, the patients complained of these symptoms have progressively increased. And so serious attention has been given to investigate the entity of this new clinical syndrome in medical and dental aspects. Three types of sleep apnea are classified; central, obstructive and mixed type. Most of patients identified this syndrome include obstructive or mixed types of sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea has been presumed to have close relationships with obesity, micrognathia, retrognathia, tonsillary hypertrophy, tongue hypertrophy and so on. This study was designed to evaluate the characteristics of the dentofacial morphology in the obstructive, included mixed, sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) patients. The samples consisted of 25 adult male patients (average age of 48 years 2 months) with OSA as diagnosed by the division of respiratory disease, department of internal medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital. One lateral radiographic cephalogram with the teeth in occlusion and the recording of somatic measurements, body weight and height, were obtained for each patient at visiting our orthodontic clinic. On the lateral cephalograms of whole samples, 10 angular and 6 linear measurements were carried out. Simultaneously, the body mass index (BMI) was assessed for each patient. Based on the cephalometric and somatometric measurements, the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea was discussed in association with the obesity and dentofacial morphology. Results were summarized as follows: 1. The body mass index (kg/m2) ranged between 21.0 to 45.7, with a mean value of 31.0 for OSA patients. Of whom, 3 patients were mildly obese (25 or more of BMI) and 12 patients severely obese (exceeding 30 of BMI). 2. Compared with normal control samples, the means of cephalometric variables of whole samples showed the tendency of micrognathia, large gonial angle, protruded maxilla and large cranial base. 3. By principal component analysis, it was revealed that the components for the shape and position of the mandible were of more importance in OSA patients than controls. 4. Discriminatory analysis clarified significant differences in dentofacial morphology between 12 obese and 13 non-obese patients. 5. The dentofacial morphology in non-obese patients were characterized by retrognathia, micrognathia, large gonial angle and small maxilla. In accordance with previous reports, the patients with OSA were presented the tendency of obesity and micrognathia. Furthermore it was revealed that particularly in non-obese OSA patients the morphological abnormalities might be the major contributor to the pathogenesis of sleep apnea.
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PMID:[Dentofacial morphology of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients]. 264 Sep 22

The majority of patients receiving cisplatin at a dose of 120 mg/m2 experience delayed nausea and vomiting occurring between 24 and 120 hours after chemotherapy administration. Ninety-one patients who were receiving cisplatin (120 mg/m2) as initial chemotherapy were entered into this double-blind trial. All patients received intravenous (IV) metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and lorazepam for the control of acute emesis during the period from 0 to 24 hours after cisplatin. Patients were then randomized to one of three treatment regimens: placebo; oral dexamethasone, 8 mg twice daily for two days, then 4 mg twice daily for two days; or the combination of oral metoclopramide, 0.5 mg/kg four times daily for four days, plus oral dexamethasone administered as above. Forty-eight percent of individuals who received the two-drug combination of metoclopramide plus dexamethasone experienced delayed vomiting as opposed to 65% who were administered dexamethasone alone and 89% who received placebo (P = .006). Scores assessing the severity of delayed nausea and vomiting were consistently worse in individuals receiving placebo. The incidences of sleepiness, restlessness, heartburn, hiccoughs, loose bowel movements, insomnia, and acute dystonic reactions did not differ significantly among the three regimens and were mild and self-limited. The two-drug combination of oral metoclopramide plus dexamethasone is well tolerated, safe, and more effective than dexamethasone alone or placebo in controlling delayed vomiting following cisplatin.
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PMID:Controlling delayed vomiting: double-blind, randomized trial comparing placebo, dexamethasone alone, and metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving cisplatin. 264 36

A double-blind randomized cross-over trial of dexamethasone and prochlorperazine as adjunctive anti-emetics with cancer chemotherapy was undertaken. The drugs were compared for cisplatin, doxorubicin and several other chemotherapy regimens. A total of 44 eligible patients were analysed. Assessment was made by questionnaire answered by the patient 24 h after the chemotherapy. The parameters compared were period of time for nausea and vomiting, number of vomiting episodes, degree of somnolence and insomnia and overall preference. In all cases there was no significant difference for either drug in its ability to suppress emetic effects. Neither drug gave adequate protection against cisplatin-containing regimens. We conclude that dexamethasone alone is equivalent to the more standard dopamine antagonists.
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PMID:Double-blind randomized cross-over trial of dexamethasone and prochlorperazine as anti-emetics for cancer chemotherapy. 265 18

From 1958 to 1986, 27 crewmembers with suspected sleep disorders were referred to the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine. The presenting complaint in most cases was excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Prior to 1984, evaluations included neurologic and psychiatric testing, screening laboratory studies, and awake and asleep electroencephalography. Polysomnography and sleep latency studies were included after 1984. In the majority of cases, the etiology of the complaint could not be determined. The prevalence of EDS is estimated to be between 0.3% and 4.0% of the adult population. Major causes cited in the world literature include the sleep apnea syndromes, narcolepsy, parasomnias interrupting sleep, hypersomnia secondary to systemic or affective disorders, and essential hypersomnia. Current sleep lab techniques and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing are reported to make the diagnosis in up to 90% of sleep disorders. Evaluation of EDS should begin with a history emphasizing sleep habits, work schedules, daytime naps, and presence of vegetative signs. A sleep diary will allow a more accurate estimate of the quantity of nocturnal sleep. This diary may reveal poor sleep hygiene or insomnia. Polysomnography and/or multiple sleep latency determination can then be used to diagnose sleep apnea, parasomnias, and narcolepsy.
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PMID:Evaluation of the sleepy crewmember: USAFSAM experience and a suggested clinical approach. 265 2

Fifty adult insomniac shiftworkers (47 males and 3 females) between the ages of 22 and 55 participated in this two-week, double-blind comparative study of the hypnotic properties and effects on mood and work performance of zopiclone 7.5 mg and placebo. All subjects took inactive medication on the first night of the study and then received either zopiclone or placebo for the following 13 nights according to randomization. Pre-study variables included a demographic profile, medical history, physical examination, laboratory data, profile of insomnia and work shift pattern description. A sleep questionnaire along with mood and work performance questionnaires were filled out on Days 1, 2, 4, 9 and 12 of the study; on Days 7 and 14, adverse events were recorded. After the first placebo night, subjects assigned to receive zopiclone showed significantly improved sleep induction; from the second night on, a distinct pharmacological effect over placebo was observed and maintained since statistically significant increases in quantitative sleep induction and sleep soundness (qualitative and quantitative) were noted during the course of zopiclone treatment. Active hypnotic treatment did not interfere with morning awakening and functioning, nor did it affect mood or work performance. Zopiclone treatment produced significantly more taste disturbance and drowsiness. In summary, zopiclone was shown to be an effective, fast-acting hypnotic which maintained its efficacy over a two-week period in our sample of insomniac shiftworkers and did not produce mood changes or influence work performance.
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PMID:Zopiclone in insomniac shiftworkers. Evaluation of its hypnotic properties and its effects on mood and work performance. 265 27


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