Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trimeprazine or alimemazine is largely used as an antipruritic agent, but it is also used for insomnia, cough, and oral premedication in pediatric day surgery. The first cases involving repetitive sedation linked to the use of trimeprazine as a drug-facilitated crime and subsequent impairment of two children are reported. Because of the long delay between the alleged crime and clinical examination, collection of blood or urine was of little value. This is the reason why the laboratory developed an original approach based on hair testing by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A strand of hair from each child was sampled about 2 months after the first suspicion of administration and was cut into small segments. After cutting into small pieces, 20 mg of hair was incubated overnight in a phosphate buffer (pH 8.4). The aqueous phase was extracted by 5 mL of a mixture of diethyl ether/methylene chloride (80:20) in presence of diazepam-d(5) used as the internal standard (IS). Hair extract was separated on a XTerra MS C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer. Detection was based on two daughter ions: transitions m/z 299.3 to 299.0 and 100.0 and m/z 289.9 to 154.0 for trimeprazine and the IS, respectively. In the hair of the two subjects, trimeprazine was detected at concentrations in the range 23 to 339 pg/mg. The stepmother, who was the perpetrator in both cases, did not challenge the use of trimeprazine as a sedative drug.
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PMID:Determination of trimeprazine-facilitated sedation in children by hair analysis. 1687 73

A 72-year-old male was referred to our hospital in August 2001 for his pulmonary M. fortuitum infection. His symptoms were coughing, pyrexia, hemoptysis, general malaise, and insomnia. He had been suffering from these symptoms since 1982, though the intensive anti-mycobacterial chemotherapy such as three-drug (RFP, SM, and INH), twice two-drug (KM and SM and cycloserine and enviomycin) and four-drug (CAM, EB, RFP, and KM) regimens were administered for 26 months from July 1999. His symptoms tentatively improved after chemotherapy, but soon recurred with smear positive sputum. We decided to withdraw all antibacterial agents to treat him with decoction of Ninjinyoueito according to the diagnostics Kampo medical science in September 2001. After this prescription, his subjective symptoms gradually improved, and ten months later his sputum converted to smear negative. Because of recurrence of his general malaise in August 2002, we replaced the Ninjinyoueito by Seishoekkito, based on the Kampo diagnostics. His physical conditions remained good until 2005. In addition, the sputum smear examination maintain the level below +/-. We evaluate that Kampo (Chinese traditional medicine) treatment resulted in favorable response. Though it is not common to prescribe Kampo-medicine for intractable infectious diseases, we believe that Kampo-medicine is effective in some cases associated with host defense mechanisms.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary Mycobacterium fortuitum infection successfully treated with Kampo treatments]. 1697 56

The aim of this study was to document changes from baseline to 6 and 12 months after treatment in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in relation to sociodemographic and clinical parameters among advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with reconstructive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. The HRQOL of 80 consecutive patients was assessed by the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires, pretreatment and 6 and 12 months posttreatment. Several patterns of HRQOL changes were distinguished: most general HRQOL issues do not change after treatment or improve compared to baseline scores (emotional functioning, pain, insomnia, constipation) and most head and neck specific issues deteriorate after treatment but return to pretreatment levels at 12 months, except for senses, opening mouth, sticky saliva, and coughing which remain deteriorated in the long term. Although improvement to baseline levels was noted, it should be kept in mind that baseline levels of patients are often deviant from "normal" scores from the general population. Tumour site and stage, comorbidity, and extensive resections were significantly associated with HRQOL outcomes, as were marital status and age. These results, obtained in a homogenous group of patients, may serve as HRQOL benchmarks for future studies investigating surgical and other treatment modalities.
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PMID:Quality of life after surgical treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a prospective longitudinal assessment of patients reconstructed by a microvascular flap. 1730 19

This article updates a 1990 review of the effects of tobacco abstinence by reviewing (a) which symptoms are valid indicators of tobacco abstinence and (b) the time course of tobacco abstinence symptoms. The author searched several databases to locate more than 3,500 citations on tobacco abstinence effects between 1990 and 2004; 120 of these were used in this review. Data collection and interpretation were based solely on the author's subjective judgments. For brevity, the review does not evaluate craving, hunger, performance, and several other possible outcomes as withdrawal symptoms. Anger, anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, impatience, insomnia, and restlessness are valid withdrawal symptoms that peak within the first week and last 2-4 weeks. Constipation, cough, dizziness, increased dreaming, and mouth ulcers may be abstinence effects. Drowsiness, fatigue, and several physical symptoms are not abstinence effects. In conclusion, no major changes are suggested for DSM-IV criteria for tobacco/nicotine withdrawal, but some deletions are suggested for ICD-10 criteria. Future studies need to investigate several possible new symptoms of withdrawal and to define more clearly the time course of symptoms.
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PMID:Effects of abstinence from tobacco: valid symptoms and time course. 1736 63

The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence and intensity of symptoms and problems with functioning between women and men with inoperable lung cancer (LC) during 3 months post-diagnosis. One hundred and fifty-nine patients completed the EORTC QLQ C-30+LC13 at three time points: close to diagnosis and prior to treatment, and one, and 3 months later. Descriptive cross-sectional analyses and longitudinal analyses using repeated measure ANOVA were conducted. These patients reported many and intense symptoms and problems with functioning. The most salient finding from the cross-sectional analysis was that women reported both more, and more intense problems with emotional functioning close to diagnosis. Statistically significant improvements over time were found in both men and women with regard to emotional functioning, dyspnea, insomnia, cough, pain in arm/shoulder, while physical functioning, fatigue, constipation, dysphagia, peripheral neuropathy and alopecia deteriorated significantly over time. The longitudinal analyses suggest that, with the exception of emotional functioning, gender differences were not only related to biological sex alone, but were also found to be related to other components of the patients' life situation, such as education, age, civil status and type of LC. Sensitivity to different symptom experiences and responses to those experiences between and within women and men is also necessary in the management of symptoms in patients with inoperable LC.
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PMID:Symptoms and problems with functioning among women and men with inoperable lung cancer--a longitudinal study. 1797 59

Insomnia is highly prevalent in patients with chronic disease including chronic heart failure (CHF) and is a significant contributing factor to fatigue and poor quality of life. The pathophysiology of CHF often leads to fatigue, due to nocturnal symptoms causing sleep disruption, including cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and nocturia. Inadequate cardiac function may lead to hypoxemia or poor perfusion of the cerebrum, skeletal muscle, or visceral body organs, which result in organ dysfunction or failure and may contribute to fatigue. Sleep disturbances negatively affect all dimensions of quality of life and is related to increased risk of comorbidities, including depression. This article reviews insomnia in CHF, cardiac medication side-effects related to sleep disturbances, and treatment options.
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PMID:Insomnia and chronic heart failure. 1875 45

Common medical problems are often associated with abnormalities of sleep. Patients with chronic medical disorders often have fewer hours of sleep and less restorative sleep compared to healthy individuals, and this poor sleep may worsen the subjective symptoms of the disorder. Individuals with lung disease often have disturbed sleep related to oxygen desaturations, coughing, or dyspnea. Both obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung diseases are associated with poor quality sleep. Awakenings from sleep are common in untreated or undertreated asthma, and cause sleep disruption. Gastroesophageal reflux is a major cause of disrupted sleep due to awakenings from heartburn, dyspepsia, acid brash, coughing, or choking. Patients with chronic renal disease commonly have sleep complaints often due to insomnia, insufficient sleep, sleep apnea, or restless legs syndrome. Complaints related to sleep are very common in patients with fibromyalgia and other causes of chronic pain. Sleep disruption increases the sensation of pain and decreases quality of life. Patients with infectious diseases, including acute viral illnesses, HIV-related disease, and Lyme disease, may have significant problems with insomnia and hypersomnolence. Women with menopause have from insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome, or fibromyalgia. Patients with cancer or receiving cancer therapy are often bothered by insomnia or other sleep disturbances that affect quality of life and daytime energy. The objective of this article is to review frequently encountered medical conditions and examine their impact on sleep, and to review frequent sleep-related problems associated with these common medical conditions.
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PMID:Sleep-related problems in common medical conditions. 1920 22

In Japan, the liquidity of employment is progressing rapidly. Due to the global recession which started in 2008, large-scale unemployment of precarious workers, including dispatch workers, is expected in 2009. In recent studies, it has been suggested that the unstable employment status itself may affect the health conditions of such workers. At the end of 2008, "Toshikoshi Haken Mura" (Dispatch Workers' New Year Village) was established in central Tokyo as a shelter for about 500 workers who had lost their jobs and accommodation. We participated in health consultations and medical checkups conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government on January 8-10, 2009 to investigate the health conditions of the "villagers". Eighty-nine people attended health consultations and medical checkups (mean age, 48 yr). Physical complaints in the order of prevalence were as follows: respiratory (cough, 43%; sputum, 36%), low-grade fever (16.9%), musculoskeletal (13.5%), dermal (5.6%), digestive (3.4%), neurological (3.4%) and others including mental complaint (10.1%) such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression. During individual consultations, we found many cases who had had difficulty in getting medical consultations and whose treatment had been discontinued. Moreover, the rate of getting periodic medical examination remained low at 23.8% (among 84 people). Health problems of precarious workers have not been sufficiently recognized; however, there were cases whose poor health was indeed related to unstable employment. Studies on the health effects of temporary work should have higher prioritizes in the occupational health field.
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PMID:[Health status of precarious workers in "Toshikoshi Haken Mura (Dispatch Workers' New Year Village)"]. 1928 49

We present a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by allergic reactions to a herbal drug Saiko-karyuukotu-boreitou. A 57-year-old woman was admitted with a chief complaint of dry cough and dyspnea. She had been treated with Saiko-karyuukotsu-boreitou for postoperative pain and insomnia. Chest radiographs on admission showed diffuse infiltration shadows in both lungs. Chest CT scan showed diffuse ground glass opacities, consolidation and air bronchogram. Drug stimulation test was positive for Saiko-karyuukotu-boreitou. Based on the above findings, we diagnosed this case as Saiko-karyuukotu-boreitou-induced pneumonia. The patient recovered after discontinuation of Saiko-karyuukotu-boreitou. This is the fourth reported case of pneumonia induced by Saiko-karyuukotu-boreitou. We recommend careful observation when this medicine is prescribed.
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PMID:[Case of drug-induced pneumonia due to Saiko-karyuukotsu-boreitou]. 1951 95

We describe the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in treating minor preoperative and postoperative complaints in four patients. The first was a 54-year-old woman with a preoperative complaint of chapped hands before phylebeurysm evulsion surgery. Hachimiziougan was prescribed, and symptoms were ameliorated by postoperative day two. The second patient was a 77-year-old man with a complaint of cryptogenic palpitation during the preoperative morning for prostate biopsy. Hangekoubokutou was prescribed, and his symptoms were abated. The third patient was a 58-year-old woman with a postoperative complaint of sleeplessness due to cough following cranial laminoplasty. Bakumondoutou was prescribed, and she reported that both coughing and sleeplessness were abated. The fourth patient was a 65-year-old man with a preoperative complaint of constipation and a chill in his leg prior to cranial laminoplasty. Hachimiziougan and Mashiningan were prescribed, and symptoms were abated by postoperative day five. All patients were satisfied with traditional Chinese medicine, even though it was a short-term treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine thus may provide effective treatment for minor perioperative complaints.
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PMID:[Four case studies of perioperative treatment using traditional Chinese medicine]. 1992 17


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