Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 0.1% indomethacin and 0.1% diclofenac solutions, in controlling pain post excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). After written consent, 61 informed patients (23 males, 38 females; mean age = 33.5 +/- 8.4 yrs) were enrolled in a double-masked, randomized, comparative study and assigned to either indomethacin or diclofenac treatment. Subjective preoperative evaluation of individual susceptibility to pain evoked by topical application of 1% tetracaine vs saline served as reference for further post-operative pain measurement using a visual analog rating scale. Ocular and cephalic pain, itching, foreign body sensation, insomnia, photophobia, blepharospasm as well as systemic analgesic medication and alcohol intake were monitored for 3 days following photoablation as well as the re-epithelialization process. Both solutions significantly reduced pain on the first day following excimer laser PRK, and this activity was maintained until the end of the observation period. At Day 0 the first measure of pain level was slightly higher in the indomethacin group (p < 0.05) and could be related to a possible anaesthetic effect of Diclofenac. During the follow-up the oral intake of analgesics was higher in the diclofenac group, however this difference was not significant. Wound healing rate was not affected by indomethacin or diclofenac administration. These data suggest that both 0.1% indomethacin and 0.1% diclofenac ophthalmic solutions may help to control the pain induced by excimer laser PRK without any deleterious effect on corneal wound healing.
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PMID:Comparative study of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eyedrops, 0.1% indomethacin versus 0.1% diclofenac in pain control post photorefractive keratectomy. 974 9

Kava is an extract from the Piper methysticum Forst. f. plant that has social and spiritual importance in Pacific islands societies. Herbal remedies that contain kava are used for the psychiatric treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Laboratory studies have found only subtle, if any, changes on cognitive or motor functions from the acute effects of consuming small clinical doses of kava products. Intoxication from recreational doses of kava has not been studied. The performance of individuals intoxicated from drinking kava (n=11) was compared with a control group (n=17) using saccade and cognitive tests. On average, intoxicated individuals had consumed 205 g of kava powder each (approximately 150 times clinical doses) in a group session that went for 14.4 h and ended 8 h prior to testing. Intoxicated kava drinkers showed ataxia, tremors, sedation, blepharospasm and elevated liver enzymes (GGT and ALP), together with saccadic dysmetria, saccadic slowing and reduced accuracy performing a visual search task that only became evident as the task complexity increased. Kava intoxication is characterized by specific abnormalities of movement coordination and visual attention but normal performance of complex cognitive functions. Saccade abnormalities suggest disruption of cerebellar and GABAergic functions.
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PMID:Saccade and cognitive impairment associated with kava intoxication. 1453 34

Zolpidem is usually used for the treatment of insomnia as a hypnotic drug. It was also suggested to be effective in the treatment of dystonia in some studies. A 74-year-old woman had been suffering from frequent and intense bilateral spasms of the eyelids for 20 years. She has been treated with botulinum toxin injection and taken some medications. But, she experienced a little effect and was not satisfied with those treatments. Her symptom was improved after taking Zolpidem which had been prescribed for insomnia by her primary physician. She did not show any improvement after placebo injection and neostigmine test. This is the first report which shows improvement of isolated blepharospasm by Zolpidem in Korea. Zolpidem can be one of useful alternative pharmacological treatments for blepharospasm. Further randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies are needed to validate this finding.
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PMID:A case with improvement of blepharospasm by zolpidem. 2486 94