Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-eight obese patients, resistant to conventional diet therapy, agreed to consume a 1.09 MJ (260 kcal)/day semi-synthetic diet consisting of 25 g egg albumin, 40 g oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, and were seen weekly as outpatients for eight weeks. At the beginning, the semi-synthetic diet was given with either the anorectic drug, mazindol (2 mg/day) or a placebo for four weeks and then changed over for the remaining four weeks; the study being conducted on a double-blind basis. The final treatment was a 4.2 MJ (1000 KCAL) conventional diet for a further four weeks without drug or placebo. Twenty-five patients completed the first eight weeks and 21 patients the final four weeks of the trial. The total mean weight losses were as follows: week 4, 9.3 kg; week 8, 13.7 kg; week 12, 12.2 kg. There was no significant difference in weight loss between mazindol treatment and placebo but the former group reported feeling less hungry. The chief side-effects observed were dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, insomnia and depression which were more frequent with mazindol. Six patients had to stop mazindol because of side-effects, but were able to continue the diet alone. It is concluded that a semi-synthetic diet containing 1.09 MJ (260 kcal) daily can be successfully employed in the treatment of obese outpatients, and is a practical therapeutic alternative to admission to hospital. There is no clinical advantage to be gained by the additional use of the anorectic drug, mazindol.
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PMID:A double-blind trial of mazindol using a very low calorie formula diet. 36 31

We examined the predictive value of urea kinetics for patient outcomes in CAPD by measuring dialysis index (DI; a means of quantifying CAPD dose using urea kinetics), KT/V and normalized protein catabolic rate (PCRN) on 222 occasions in 76 new patients at the time of starting CAPD and at subsequent six month intervals. We investigated how these indices altered with time and in relation to each other, and how they correlated with a wide range of subsequent patient outcomes. DI, KT/V and PCRN all tended to decrease with time on CAPD (P less than 0.0004, less than 0.0001 and 0.0005, respectively). DI and KT/V were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89, P less than 0.0001) and both correlated with PCRN (r = 0.57, P less than 0.0001 and r = 0.60, P less than 0.0001, respectively). DI and KT/V both correlated inversely with subsequent values for serum creatinine (P less than 0.0001), urea (P less than 0.0002), potassium (P less than 0.02) and phosphate (P less than 0.002), and directly with bicarbonate (P less than 0.0001). PCRN correlated inversely with serum creatinine (P less than 0.0002) and directly with urea (P less than 0.0001) and with the number of blood transfusions received (P less than 0.03). None of these indices correlated with levels of hemoglobin, PTH, alkaline phosphatase or albumin, or with nerve conduction velocity or any other subsequent clinical outcomes including death, technique failure, hospital days, peritonitis rate and subjective indices of fatigue, pruritus and insomnia. We conclude that the urea kinetic model is predictive of some biochemical outcomes but not of clinical outcomes in CAPD patients.
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PMID:Lack of correlation between urea kinetic indices and clinical outcomes in CAPD patients. 205 26

The ancient Chinese remedy Suanzaorentang was originally described in Kin-Kue-Yao-Lueh for patients with weakness, irritability and insomnia. In our preliminary observations on suanzaorentang, it seemed to be a promising anxiolytic remedy. A controlled comparative double-blind clinical trial was set up to assess the anxiolytic effect of suanzaorentang. Suanzaorentang (250 mg t.i.d.) and diazepam (2 mg t.i.d.) had almost the same anxiolytic effect. However, suanzaorentang, but not diazepam, improved the psychomotor performance during the daytime. No significant subjective side effects were observed during treatment with suanzaorentang. All laboratory tests, including liver function tests (serum SGOT, SGPT, albumin, globulin, bilirubin), renal function tests (BUN, serum creatinine), electrolyte balances (serum K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca++), serum cholesterol-triglyceride-HDL-c, thyroid function test (serum T4), chest P-A X-ray film, blood-urine-stool routine examinations (BUS routines), were unaltered after one week's administration of the compound.
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PMID:Suanzaorentang versus diazepam: a controlled double-blind study in anxiety. 288 Aug 11

A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of graded sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms was performed. The study group consisted of 23 post-menopausal women who had previously undergone hysterectomy. Active therapy resulted in a significant reduction in hot flushes and night sweats. There was a slight improvement in insomnia, lack of energy and confidence but the other symptoms were not significantly altered. A small placebo effect was noted but this was only significant 1 mth after active treatment had been discontinued in the group of women receiving placebo second. Active treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in serum sodium, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol, and increase in serum triglycerides, but no alteration in the other biochemical parameters, weight or blood pressure.
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PMID:A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms and biochemical parameters. 675 Mar 25

Recently, it has been reported that major depression is accompanied by changes in plasma protein concentrations indicative of an acute-phase protein (APP) response. The purpose of the present study was to examine total serum protein (TSP) and the electrophoretically separated major fractions of serum proteins (SP), i.e., albumin (Alb), alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma globulin, in depression. Highly significant differences were found in TSP and the separated SP fractions between major depressed patients and normal controls and between melancholic and minor depressed patients. Major depressed subjects showed significantly lower TSP and Alb concentrations and a higher percentage of the alpha 1 globulin fraction than normal controls and minor depressed subjects. Major depressed subjects had significantly higher and lower percentages, respectively, of alpha 2 and gamma globulin fractions than normal controls. In depressed subjects, there were significant negative correlations between TSP or Alb concentrations and severity of illness. Psychomotor retardation and anorexia were psychopathological correlates of lower TSP and Alb concentrations while middle insomnia and psychomotor retardation were related to changes in the alpha 2 globulin fractions. Basal plasma cortisol values were significantly and positively related to serum alpha 2 globulin. The results support the view that major depression is accompanied by an APP response.
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PMID:Total serum protein and serum protein fractions in depression: relationships to depressive symptoms and glucocorticoid activity. 754 74

Nineteen patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were studied according to clinical outcome parameters: insomnia, asthenia, pruritus, arterial hypertension, anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, anemia, and rate of hospitalization. Using clinical scores, three groups were defined: poor clinical outcome (P), intermediate (I), and good (G). The quantity of treatment by PD was evaluated monthly with urea kinetic tests (weekly Kt/V, weekly urea clearance/1.73 m2 of body surface area (BSA), index of dialysis by Teehan), and with the weekly creatinine clearance/1.73 m2 of BSA. The metabolic index was analyzed: normalized protein catabolic rate (NPCR), serum albumin (Alb) and prealbumin, and reabsorption of glucose. There was good correlation between clinical scores and quantity of dialysis. The Alb was lower in group P. Group G was differentiated from group I and from group P by quantification tests and NPCR, with lower levels as follows: weekly Kt/V = 2.06, urea clearance 70 L/week/1.73 m2, index of dialysis = 0.87, and creatinine clearance = 60 L/week/1.73 m2. We conclude that the qualitative clinical approach is not sufficient to predict deleterious signs, and the quantitative approach is predictive of the good clinical outcome and good nutritional status. We think that levels proposed to now are insufficient, and we suggest the following: weekly urea clearance > 70 L, weekly Kt/V > 2, weekly creatinine clearance > 60 L, and index of dialysis > 0.85.
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PMID:Quantification of adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. 839 69

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia, a syndrome involving an abnormal affinity of albumin for thyroxine, results in elevated total thyroxine and free thyroxine index levels but normal triiodothyronine resin uptake and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Danazol is a synthetic androgen that increases triiodothyronine resin uptake and decreases total thyroxine, secondary to a decrease in thyroid-binding globulin levels. A 35-year-old woman with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia who was given danazol, in whom nervousness, insomnia, and weight gain developed, is described. Thyroid tests performed after initiation of danazol therapy revealed an increase in triiodothyronine resin uptake, with persistently elevated total thyroxine and free thyroxine index levels, and normal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Once the danazol was withdrawn, the symptoms resolved, the triiodothyronine resin uptake returned to normal, and the thyroid-stimulating hormone remained normal. The effects of danazol on a patient with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia correlate well with the effects on normals, and the ultrasensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone was the most useful test in separating hyperthyroxinemia from hyperthyroidism.
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PMID:The effects of danazol on a patient with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. 842 21

Push/pull hemodiafiltration (HDF) is characterized by alternate repetition of filtration and backfiltration during hemodialysis with high-flux membrane. In the pressure-controlled push/pull (PC P/P) HDF system, which is the newest push/pull HDF system, there are about 25 repetitions of dilution and concentration of the blood while it passes through the hemodiafilter. Hence, the PC P/P is functionally close to the predilution mode of on-line HDF. In the PC P/P, body fluid is replaced usually by more than 120 L of dialysate during the 4 h treatment. In selecting a hemodiafilter for PC P/P, one must be certain that the blood flow channels in the hemodiafilter do not collapse by the positive pressure on the dialysate side in the backfiltration phase. Thus, the polyacrylonitrile hollow-fiber hemodiafilter and polysulfon hollow-fiber hemodiafilter are suitable for PC P/P. In the short term, PC P/P has been reported to be effective against joint pain, itchiness, insomnia, irritability, and restless leg syndrome experienced by hemodialysis patients. Midterm clinical effectiveness of PC P/P includes the requisite lowering of the erythropoietin dose and improvement in skin pigmentation. The albumin loss per treatment with the PC P/P was significantly lower than that with the conventional HDF approach when a protein-permeable membrane is used. In terms of the removal rate of prolactin, no significant difference was found between PC P/P and conventional HDF. On the other hand, the removal rates of myoglobin and beta2M, where molecular size was smaller than prolactin, was significantly greater with the PC P/P than with conventional HDF.
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PMID:Push/pull hemodiafiltration: technical aspects and clinical effectiveness. 1061 32

Fatigue is a highly prevalent and distressing symptom in cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of three fatigue measures [the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue Subscale (FACT-F), and the lack of energy item from the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form (MSAS-SF)] and compare these measures in relation to broader quality-of-life (QOL) constructs and clinical factors in veteran cancer patients. One-hundred-eighty cancer patients completed the BFI, FACT-F, FACT-G, MSAS-SF, and the Zung depression scale with concurrent Karnofsky performance status (KPS), laboratory tests, and demographic data. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was from 0.93 to 0.94 for BFI fatigue scales and 0.94 for FACT-F. There were significant correlations between BFI subscales, FACT-F, and lack of energy from MSAS-SF (p < 0.0001). All three fatigue measures showed significant correlation with MSAS-SF symptom subscales (p < 0.0001), FACT-G subscales (p < 0.0001), depression (p < 0.0001), KPS (p < 0.0001), inpatient status (P < 0.0001), insomnia (p < 0.05), hemoglobin (p < 0.05), and albumin levels (p < 0.01). Distress from lack of energy discriminated among levels from the BFI, FACT-F, and FACT-G subscales and MSAS-SF subsclea by one-way of variance analysis. Patient responses to BFI, FACT-F, and the lack of energy item yielded similar information about broader QOL constructs and clinical factors. Single questions about lack of energy, or fatigue severity, may provide a simple and acceptable way to assess fatigue.
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PMID:A comparison of three fatigue measures in veterans with cancer. 1290 Dec 82

Dietary deficiency causes abnormalities in circulating lymphocyte counts. For the present paper, we evaluated correlations between total and subpopulation lymphocyte counts (TLC, SLCs) and parameters of nutrition in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Studies were carried out in 55 patients treated with PD for 22.2 +/- 11.4 months. Parameters of nutritional status included total body mass, lean body mass (LBM), body mass index (BMI), and laboratory indices [total protein, albumin, iron, ferritin, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC)]. The SLCs were evaluated using flow cytometry. Positive correlations were seen between TLC and dietary intake of niacin; TLC and CD8 and CD16+56 counts and energy delivered from protein; CD4 count and beta-carotene and monounsaturated fatty acids 17:1 intake; and CD19 count and potassium, copper, vitamin A, and beta-carotene intake. Anorexia negatively influenced CD19 count. Serum albumin showed correlations with CD4 and CD19 counts, and LBM with CD19 count. A higher CD19 count was connected with a higher red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Correlations were observed between TIBC and TLC and CD3 and CD8 counts, and between serum Fe and TLC and CD3 and CD4 counts. Patients with a higher CD19 count showed a better clinical-laboratory score, especially less weakness. Patients with a higher CD4 count had less expressed insomnia. Quantities of ingested vitamins and minerals influence lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood of PD patients. Evaluation of TLC and SLCs is helpful in monitoring the effectiveness of nutrition in these patients.
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PMID:Total lymphocyte count and subpopulation lymphocyte counts in relation to dietary intake and nutritional status of peritoneal dialysis patients. 1668 82


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