Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the years, oxazepam has distinguished itself clinically from other benzodiazepines by virtue of its excellent tolerance. Recent research suggests that this is due to metabolic and pharmacokinetic differences rather than an intrinsically more favourable toxic-to-therapeutic dosage ratio. Because of its excellent tolerance, dosage is very flexible, and it is, therefore, possible to utilize oxazepam in a wide spectrum of anxiety-related disorders including the psychoses. The use of oxazepam in anxiety neurosis, depressive neurosis, psychotic disorders, alcoholism, and insomnia is discussed.
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PMID:The clinical activity of oxazepam. 36 60

In a prospective study of 144 consecutive male patients with psychosexual disorders, comprising 93 with Dhat syndrome with or without impotence or premature ejaculation, 21 with premature ejaculation, and 30 suffering only impotence, the commonest associated psychiatric illness was neurotic depression (39%) followed by anxiety neurosis (21%), while 31% did not receive a psychiatric diagnosis. The common presenting a symptoms of Dhat syndrome were weakness (71%), fatigue (69%), palpitations (69%), and sleeplessness (62%). After random allocation into groups, four types of treatment were given: an anti-anxiety drug, an antidepressant, a placebo, or counselling. The best response was seen with the anti-anxiety and antidepressant drugs. Twenty-one patients dropped out of treatment; 15 of whom were from the counselling group.
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PMID:Dhat syndrome--a useful diagnostic entity in Indian culture. 161 79

A six-month cross-sectional study of consecutive new referrals at the psychiatric clinic of a large general hospital was carried out, aimed at highlighting the pattern of somatization symptoms. Two hundred and six new patients attended the clinic in the period of study. Of this number, 74 (35.9%) presented predominantly with these symptoms. Significantly more males than females had these symptoms. Vague, poorly localised aches and pains were the commonest symptoms complained of by the somatizers. Most of them had each at least three of these symptoms and the symptoms had been commonly present for at least six months before presentation in hospital. Comparatively, few of those with predominant somatic symptoms also spontaneously reported vegetative and psychological symptoms of psychic distress, especially insomnia, palpitations and free-floating anxiety. Although somatization symptoms cut across socio-demographic and clinical diagnostic categories and were experienced in all parts of the body, these symptoms were much commoner among those aged 21 to 40 years, of lower socio-economic status and with a diagnosis of neurosis. Anxiety and depressive neurosis most commonly presented with widespread somatic symptoms. These findings are compared with the results of previous studies and the implications were discussed.
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PMID:The pattern of somatization symptoms at the Ibadan Teaching Hospital Psychiatric Clinic. 227 19

48 consecutive male patients of potency disorders were examined and classified as 'Dhat' syndrome, impotence or premature ejaculation. The age range of these cases was found as 20-38 years (mean 23.5 +/- 3.3 years) while age of onset was 16-24 years (mean 20.6 +/- 4.5 years). Majority of cases were unmarried (54.2%) and educated 5th class or above (79.1%). 31 cases (64.6%) had Dhat syndrome with or without impotency and/or premature ejaculation while 7 cases (14.6%) had only premature ejaculation and 10 cases (20.8%) only impotence. The cases with 'Dhat' syndrome or with impotence scored maximally on neuroticism and depression scales. Neurotic depression was the commonest associated psychiatric illness (39.5%) followed by anxiety neurosis (20.8%) while 31.3% did not have any possible diagnosis. The common presenting symptoms of 'Dhat' syndrome include weakness (70.8%), fatigue (68.7%), palpitations (68.7%), sleeplessness (62.4%) etc. Among the four groups on the basis of type of treatment (antianxiety drug, antidepressant, placebo, psychotherapy), the best response was seen in those receiving antianxiety or antidepressant drugs while those receiving psychotherapy showed minimal response. 7 cases (14.6%) dropped out of treatment and the maximum dropout (40.6%) was seen in psychotherapy group.
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PMID:'Dhat' syndrome--a useful clinical entity. 263 75

The authors analyse the findings of a clinical simple-blind trial of the drug Insidon--Geigy in depressive states. This drug was administered in monotherapy for 28 days in average doses of 150 mg daily in a series of 20 inpatients of both sexes and aged 20-60 years, diagnosed with neurotic depressive state. The efficiency of the treatment and its tolerance were estimated on a special Ciba-Geigy Pharma International investigation card through clinical observation, scoring of clinical items, psychological check-up and Hamilton's scale for depression at 0-7-14-21 and 28 days, paraclinical investigations, computer processing (TIM-S) on the basis of a program (in BETA BASIC language in 3.1 version) necessary for determining the polynomial functions for the significant items of the psychopathological syndrome (anxiety, depression, insomnia). The corroboration of the data of clinical and paraclinical observations with the psychologic examination and the computer-processed data reveals the clinical efficacy of Insidon--Geigy in neurotic depression, its good tolerance and low incidence of side effects.
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PMID:[The treatment of depressive states with opipramol (Insidon--Geigy)]. 281 12

1 Benzodiazepines are regarded as pure anxiolytics, and their value in the treatment of depression is controversial. Nevertheless, symptoms of anxiety and depression coexist in patients with endogenous or neurotic depression, and clinical trials indicate that depressed patients respond better to a benzodiazepine-tricyclic antidepressant combination than to either drug alone. 2 Benzodiazepines may extend tricyclic antidepression efficacy by rapidly relieving anxiety and insomnia. Factor analysis of scores obtained using the Hamilton Depression and Self-Administered Depression Rating Scales confirm the clinical findings by revealing that a close correlation exists among anxiety, insomnia and endogenous depression. The factor analysis data seem to support the wide use of benzodiazepine-tricyclic combinations to treat depressed patients.
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PMID:Some considerations on the role of benzodiazepines in the treatment of depression. 613 30

In a study designed to assess personality patterns of patients with chronic insomnia, a total of 528 subjects (428 insomniacs and 100 controls) completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Comparison of the MMPI profiles of insomniacs from a semirural area and of those from an urban area, each in a completely different geographic region, showed results consistent for high levels of psychopathology as well as for specific personality patterns within and between groups. The personality patterns of insomniac subjects were remarkably homogeneous: only a few MMPI code types accounted for about one-half of each insomniac sample. The insomniac profiles were consistently characterized by the presence of neurotic depression, rumination, chronic anxiety, inhibition of emotions, and an inability to discharge anger outwardly. The results of this study confirm the original hypothesis that the handling of stresses and conflicts through an internalization of emotions leads to physiologic activation and is a major factor underlying the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia.
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PMID:Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia. II. Pattern specificity and consistency with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 662 23

Psychiatric manifestations were studied in 72 amputees in the post-operative period. All were right handed. Besides phantom limb phenomena, which were observed in nearly four-fifths of the cases and are described in another paper, nearly two-thirds had psychiatric symptoms inthe form of depression (45 patients), anxiety (38), crying spells (38), insomnia (34), loss of appetite (23), suicidal ideas (21) and psychotic behaviour (2). Right arm amputees had phantom phenomena and insomnia significantly more often than left. Nearly one-fifth of the cases were diagnosed as having psychotic depressive reactions, two-fifths as having depressive neurosis and two, both with right upper limb amputations, as schizophrenic.
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PMID:A psychiatric study of amputees. 711 72

In the menopause transition, around 35% of women will seek medical help for menopausal symptoms. At the climacteric, various symptoms such as forgetfulness, anxiety, depressive neurosis, abnormal sensation, hot flush and sleeplessness are often observed due to hypofunction of the ovaries. There is some indication that women become more anxious during times of relatively low level of estrogen and progesterone such as premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, maternity blues and menopausal state. The exact mechanism behind it is still unclear but is probably related to the decrease of ovarian hormones, which may be triggering psychiatric mood disorders. It is known that ovarian hormones act on specific areas of the brain and appear to act as anxiolytics. Certain progesterone metabolites are anesthetic and have antiepileptic and anxiolytic properties. These steroids modulate the type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)/benzodiazepine receptor. This may help explain the increased frequency of anxiety disorders and mood disorders in the early postmenopausal period. In addition, estrogen also improves memory and performance in patients with mild Alzheimer's dementia. These effects can be related to amplifying effects of estrogen on excitatory amino acids in the brain. This is suggested that gonadal steroidal hormones seemed to be one of the essential substances for the maintenance of the limbic system and forebrain function which regulated anxiety, mood, memory and cognitive functions in menopausal women.
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PMID:[Menopause and anxiety: focus on steroidal hormones and GABAA receptor]. 1087 12