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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 15 mg midazolam and 15 mg oxazepam compared with placebo was investigated in 12 shift-workers in a randomized cross-over sleep laboratory study with psychometric testing. Sleep latency was normal under all experimental conditions. Midazolam shortened the sleep latency, reduced the frequency of nocturnal awakenings, and increased the length of sleep stages 3 and 4. Both midazolam and oxazepam reduced the total waking time and prolonged the total sleep time. Neither of the two benzodiazepines negatively influenced performance after awakening. On the basis of these findings, midazolam would appear to be suited for the treatment of insomnia in shift-workers or of other situational sleep disturbances.
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PMID:Hypnotic efficacy and clinical safety of midazolam in shift-workers. 613 84

A double-blind, parallel group, randomized trial was carried out to compare the hypnotic efficacy of 1.0 mg loprazolam and 5.0 mg nitrazepam in 40 elderly patients. All had disturbed sleep patterns, which were not the result of physical illness, and had been shown to be placebo non-responders during a 3-day placebo screening period. Patients received active medication for 7 nights. Both loprazolam and nitrazepam significantly improved sleep patterns, as measured by patient self-rating scales and night nurses' global assessments, in comparison with the placebo baseline screen (p less than 0.001). No significant differences in efficacy were shown between drug treatments and no untoward effects were recorded which could be attributed to either drug. The results suggest that 1.0 mg loprazolam is an effective and well-tolerated hypnotic in elderly patients suffering from insomnia.
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PMID:An evaluation of the short-term hypnotic efficacy of loprazolam in comparison with nitrazepam in elderly patients. 614 63

The hypnotic efficacy of temazepam capsules (30 mg) was studied in twelve patients who had objective polysomnographic evidence of sleep onset insomnia. Patients slept in the laboratory, retiring at their usual bedtime after taking placebo or temazepam 30 min earlier, and were monitored for 8 h using standard polysomnographic techniques. Acute (nights 5-7) and chronic (nights 11-13) temazepam improved the sleep of these patients by reducing sleep latency and increasing sleep time compared to the placebo baseline (nights 2-4). No detrimental effects on daytime function the following morning were observed using questionnaires and objective tests of performance. No consistent evidence of disturbed sleep after discontinuation of treatment was obtained over three recovery nights.
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PMID:Temazepam's efficacy in patients with sleep onset insomnia. 614 27

The effectiveness of tiapride on psychic disorders was studied in 30 chronic alcoholics by assessing four parameters: sleep disturbances, mood disorders, conduct disturbances, and tremor. In a daily dosage of 600 to 900 mg tiapride proved particularly effective on insomnia, anxiety, passivity and tremor, without adverse side-effects. This drug seems useful for controlling psychic disorders in alcoholics and for motivating acceptance of a detoxification program.
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PMID:[Study of the effectiveness of tiapride on psychic disorders in alcoholics]. 629 77

The use of tricyclic antidepressants as opposed to hypnotics in treating insomnia is reviewed. Available data indicate that TCAs alleviate sleep disturbances related to depression (often before antidepressant effects are seen) and, in selected cases, may prove effective in disturbed sleep related to sleep apnea, fibrositis, and sleep related bruxism, as well as in adults with childhood onset insomnia or a history of hyperkinesis. However, TCAs share many of the problems reported for hypnotics, as well as having some potentially serious side effects not present with benzodiazepines. The need for determination of the etiology of sleep disorders, and specific pharmacotherapy directed toward identified causes rather than the symptom of insomnia, is stressed.
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PMID:Tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of insomnia. 635 74

The safety and efficacy of zopiclone (7.5 mg) and pentobarbitone (100 mg) were compared in 60 adult outpatients suffering from insomnia. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, and the medication was taken at bedtime for 16 days. Zopiclone and pentobarbitone, compared with placebo, improved sleep onset, duration of sleep, number of night time awakenings, and quality of sleep. Zopiclone was superior to pentobarbitone with regard to sleep quality, judgement of therapy, and condition in the morning. Side effects were reported in each treatment group, but were less frequent in the zopiclone group (p less than 0.005). Zopiclone is a useful drug for the treatment of sleep disturbances, not only because of its efficacy, but also because of its tolerability.
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PMID:Comparative study of zopiclone and pentobarbitone as hypnotics. 636 23

Most people attribute a restorative function to sleep. This is because experimental or clinical sleep disturbance is usually followed by annoying symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness the following day. Can these daytime changes be documented objectively? In the past several years, the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) has been developed and validated as an objective quantitative measure of sleepiness. Multiple assessments of sleep latency yield a profile of sleepiness across the day. This profile changes in the predicted direction with acute total and partial sleep deprivation, chronic sleep deprivation, sleep satiation, and in comparisons between hypersomnia patients and controls. Sleep and wakefulness are complementary phases in the daily cycle of human existence. Adequacy of sleep and energetic wakefulness next day are interacting phases in this cycle. Insomnia can be seen as a perception of disturbed sleep with daytime consequences, but is essentially also a symptom. This paper reviews a number of issues in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. The dimensions, daytime consequences and longitudinal aspects of insomnia are considered. Most investigations to date have been geared towards the problem of chronic insomnia and yet we are all likely to suffer from transient insomnia at some point. Psychiatric and psychophysiological disorders have been shown to be the most frequent causes of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep. Moreover, there is an apparent disparity between subjective and objective sleep parameters with, for example, objectively disturbed sleep in noncomplaining subjects. The criteria of hypnotic efficacy and the effects of triazolam and flurazepam on sleep and daytime alertness have been investigated in normals, chronic insomniacs and the elderly. In general, chronic insomniacs showed all degrees of daytime alertness regardless of nocturnal sleep parameters. About one-third could be classified as fully alert all day long in spite of their complaints. The effect of flurazepam and triazolam on sleep (improvement) was essentially the same. Daytime effects were most closely related to half-life. The long-acting benzodiazepine, flurazepam, impaired daytime alertness although nocturnal sleep was improved. Triazolam improved not only nighttime sleep but also daytime alertness.
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PMID:Issues in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. 638 52

The effect of the nootropic drug, piridoxilate on normal and on exogenously (by traffic noise) disturbed sleep and awakening quality was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 10 elderly subjects with a mean age of 62 years spent 13 nights in the sleep laboratory: 2 adaptation nights, 1 baseline night, 3 drug nights (placebo, 300 and 600 mg piridoxilate), as well as 2 drug nights with nocturnal traffic noise (placebo and 600 mg piridoxilate) and the subsequent wash-out nights. Polysomnographic recordings (including EEG, EMG and EOG) were carried out between 10:30 p.m. and 6.00 a.m. Traffic noise was pre-recorded at a busy Viennese street and presented continuously by a loudspeaker with a sound pressure level at the ear of between 68 and 83 dB (A) [mean 75.6 dB (A)]. In the morning the subjects completed a sleep questionnaire for the subjective evaluation of their quality of sleep and awakening. Thereafter objective awakening quality was measured by a psychometric test battery. Piridoxilate did not induce any significant changes in objective and subjective sleep variables. Nocturnal traffic noise produced a decrease in total sleep time and sleep efficiency, an increase in wakefulness and drowsiness (stage 1), as well as a decrease in REM and deep sleep stages, the last-mentioned being of statistical significance. Subjectively, the elderly subjects reported a deterioration in sleep quality due to traffic noise, an increase in middle and late insomnia, as well as a deterioration in awakening quality (dizziness, tiredness, headaches). Piridoxilate did not ameliorate these sleep disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of nootropic drugs on normal and disturbed sleep of the elderly: controlled studies with pyridoxilate and street noise]. 639 69

Insomnia is a syndrome composed of symptoms of disturbed sleep, decrement of day-time performance and depressed mood to various degrees and in various combinations. This article roughly describes the methods of measuring the different facets of insomnia. A major difficulty in research with insomniacs is seen in the fact that many methods have been developed in research with young healthy volunteers, not with insomniacs. While good sleep is a homogeneous phenomenon, and its quality will be described similarly well by different methods, insomnia is a very heterogeneous syndrome with low intercorrelation of the different measures. Therefore, insomniacs' sleep quality should be assessed from as many points of view as possible.
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PMID:The many facets of poor sleep. 667 22

Animal experiments confirmed the neuropeptide nature of delta-sleep-inducing-peptide (DSIP) and a species-specific sleep promotion. Five different human studies were carried out with single and repeated intravenous injections of DSIP under double-blind conditions, and with assessing treatment effects by psychophysiological tests and polygraphic recordings. Compatibility of DSIP was good. Slow injection proved essential. A latency of sleep induction of 1 h, but a duration of up to 20 h was found. The somnogenic properties, initially proven in animal studies, were confirmed. Indications of specific effects on chronobiological regulations were found. A complete normalization of disturbed sleep was achieved by four consecutive injections to insomniacs. During the active awake state, DSIP induced higher alertness and better performance. Psychological tests and evaluation by psychotherapists indicated modulation of ego functions by DSIP in the direction of improved stress tolerance and coping ability. The various actions of DSIP might be conceptualized neurophysiologically on the level of 'programming' behavior by means of changing 'local vigilances'. Whereas the somnogenic actions of DSIP appear promising for treating insomnia, other therapeutic perspectives in the field of psychiatry have to be explored.
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PMID:Effects of DSIP in man. Multifunctional psychophysiological properties besides induction of natural sleep. 668 58


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