Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dextromethorphan (DM), the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan, is the main ingredient in a number of widely available, over-the-counter antitussives. Initial studies (Bornstein 1968) showed that it possessed no respiratory suppressant effects and no addiction liability. Subsequently, however, several articles reporting abuse of this drug have appeared in the literature. The drug is known to cause a variety of acute toxic effects, ranging from nausea, restlessness, insomnia, ataxia, slurred speech and nystagmus to mood changes, perceptual alterations, inattention, disorientation and aggressive behavior (Rammer et al 1988; Katona and Watson 1986; Isbell and Fraser 1953; Devlin et al 1985; McCarthy 1971; Dodds and Revai 1967; Degkwitz 1964; Hildebrand et al 1989). There have also been two reported fatalities from DM overdoses (Fleming 1986). However, there are no reports describing the effects of chronic abuse. This report describes a case of cognitive deterioration resulting from prolonged use of DM.
 ...
PMID:Cognitive deterioration from long-term abuse of dextromethorphan: a case report. 780 71

Psychogenic dizziness is defined as recurring or persistent symptoms of balance dysfunction, inconsistent with organic vestibular disease as determined by history, clinical examination and pertinent investigations, and consistent with emotional origin. Of 1,335 patients seen in our dizziness clinic between January 1988 and August 1991, psychogenic dizziness was diagnosed in 180 (13.5%) patients. There were 67 men and 113 women aged from 12 to 77 years (mean age 40.2 years). The characteristics of psychogenic dizziness are: (1) continuous dizziness for long periods of time; (2) younger patients; (3) predominant female; (4) associated symptoms of panic attack, such as headache, breathlessness, nausea, sleep disturbance, paresthesias, anxiety and palpitation; (5) symptoms of aggravation due to stressful life events; (6) normal neurotological bedside examination; (7) hyperventilation reproduced accurately. The electronystagmographic results of 74 patients show normal bithermal caloric responses in 47 patients (63.5%), caloric hyperactivity in 21 patients (28.4%), canal paresis in four patients (5.4%), canal paresis with directional preponderance in two patients (2.7%), large random voluntary eye swings or severe blinking in 35 patients (47.3%), and spontaneous nystagmus (slow phase velocity < 6.5 degrees/s) in four patients (5.4%). There were 31 patients who consulted psychiatrists with diagnoses of anxiety (51.6%), depression (16.1%), insomnia (12.9%), psychosomatic disorder and adjustment disorder. Treatment of patients with psychogenic dizziness must be directed at the underlying anxiety. Psychiatric consultation is necessary.
 ...
PMID:[Psychogenic dizziness]. 848 48

In case a pre-senile patient presented subacutely progressive dementia, secondary dementia, such as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS), hypothyroidism, confusion, early phase of primary degenerative dementia and prion diseases are to be considered. It is a case of pathologically confirmed, and clinico-pathologically assessed limbic encephalitis with cerebellar degeneration. The patient was a 63-year old male, with a well followed up medical history of gastric cancer 8 years earlier. Four weeks after he presented himself at our hospital his memory and disorientation progressively declined. A neurological examination revealed gaze nystagmus, with potential secondary dementia. However, no abnormal findings were detected from systemic radiological examination, or from chemical analyses. Two months later, after the onset of the disease, he presented additional symptoms, including seizure, gait disturbance, and insomnia. On admission, neurological examinations revealed gaze nystagmus and progression of dementia; however, his thought process was relatively preserved. No paroxysmal synchronized discharge was seen on electroencephalogram. Chest X-rays showed an inflammatory infiltration. In spite of anti-biotic medication, he died due to respiratory failure. The autopsy was limited to the brain. Histologically, limited lymphocytic infiltration into the hippocampus through the entorhinal cortex, with marked neuronal loss and gliosis was observed. Neuronophagia, microglial nodules, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration were also seen. Additionally, most of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum were lost, with Bergmann's gliosis and sparse lymphocytic infiltration. No tumor was observed in the brain. Pathological findings of the brain were compatible with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and cerebellar degeneration, though no neoplasm, clinically or pathologically, was detected in this patient. Consequently, it is suggested that when a senile patient presents sub-acute onset of progressive dementia, with a variety of neurological symptoms, paraneoplastic syndrome is to be taken into consideration, even if a tumor or an auto-antibody is not detected since the resection of the tumor is still the best therapeutic means. Otherwise immuno-suppressive and steroid therapies should be used.
 ...
PMID:A pre-senile case of limbic encephalitis and cerebellar degeneration, with subacute onset of progressive dementia. 1567 63