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 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ovary is a complex metabolic organ. The follicles produce both androgens and estrogens, whereas the stromal tissue synthesizes androgens only. When menopause occurs, both androgen and estrogen levels decrease. The postmenopausal ovary remains a source of endogenous androgens that are converted to estrogen. The consequences of premature removal of the ovaries are not well known. The risks and benefits of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) in women with premature menopause have not been studied. Women who have had surgical menopause experience more severe symptoms and will need to stop estrogen therapy at some point in their lives. Intense symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and insomnia will redevelop, so women should be given informed consent about the need for long-term use of HT and the greater difficulty in discontinuing therapy.
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PMID:Bilateral oophorectomy and premature menopause. 1641 38

Menopause is defined by world health organization (WHO) as the permanent cessation of menstruating resulting from a loss of ovarian follicular activity, after one year of amenorrhea. It signifies the last menstrual cycle and the end of women's fertile and reproductive life. The average age for a women to undergo menopause is 51 years; unlike menarche, whose average age has decreased over the past decades, the age of menopause has remained unchanged. We can distinguish: 1) premenopause, the time interval leading up to menopause; 2) climacteric, the time interval between the reproductive e non-reproductive life; 3) premature menopause, that occurs in 1% of women. Menopause can also be induced iatrogenically as a result of surgery, medical therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Beyond the life the number of oocytes falls until there are no more suitable follicles for reproduction and the menopause ensues. At the same time, the ability of the ovary to produce hormones falls, leading to an increasing pulsatile release of FSH in order to stimulate the ovary to produce oestrogens. Menopause is characterized by different symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, dispareunia, prolapse, vulval itching due to vaginal atrophy and dryness, urinary incontinence, dysuria, and also the psychological aspects don't should be underestimated because of many women suffer of depression, mood instability, insomnia, fatigue and decreased libido. Long term symptoms include osteoporosis, cardiovascular and neuro-degenerative diseases. The main aim of different treatments was symptoms relief. Pharmacological agents and psychological support represent the goal for menopause treatment.
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PMID:Hormone replacement therapy in menopause and in premature ovarian insufficiency. 2434 49